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1、虚拟语气虚拟语气SubjunctiveMoodGRAMMER语法语法7/29/20244陈述语气陈述语气Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.Jackhasntcomebackhomeyet.4祈祈使语气使语气Letsgo.Donttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一一.语气的分类语气的分类英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气英语的动词一般可带三种不同的语气:陈陈述语气述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式来表示。气用动词的不同形式来表示。A:Whydontourgrandchildrenv
2、isitusmoreoften?B:Theydonthaveenoughtime.Iftheyhadmoretime,theydvisitusmoreoften.【观察体会】【观察体会】请看下图及对话，体会请看下图及对话，体会虚拟语气虚拟语气的用法。的用法。A:Doyouenjoydrivingaschoolbus?B:Notreally.IwishIdroveataxi.条件句表示主句的条件条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条件句和分真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。虚拟条件句两种。a.真实条件句真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能表示条件是真的或有可能实现的实现的,采用陈述语气。采用陈述语气。b.虚拟条件
3、句虚拟条件句表示条件是无法实现或几表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。采用虚拟语气。(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示说话人所说的表示说话人所说的话不是事实话不是事实,而是一种假设而是一种假设,愿望愿望,怀疑或怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句,也可用于名词性从句等。也可用于名词性从句等。7/29/2024二二.if虚拟条件句的结构虚拟条件句的结构a.表示表示与现在事实相反与现在事实相反的假设的假设b.表示表示与过去事实相反与过去事实相反的假设的假设c.表示表示与将来事实相反与将来事实相反的假设的假设条件从句主句与
4、现在事实相反If 主语语 + +过去过去式式(did)(did)(be(be常用常用were)were)主语+would/could /might/should+动词原形与过去事实相反If 主语+过去过去完成式完成式(had +done)主语+would/could /might/should +have+done与将来事实相反或极不可能实现的情况If主语+过过去式去式 (did)should + do were to do主语+would/could /might/should+ 动词原形1.虚拟语气用于虚拟语气用于条件状语条件状语从句中从句中(1)表示与表示与现在事实相反现在事实相反的假设
5、的假设(2)If+ did/were,主语主语+ would/should/could/mightdo虚拟语气虚拟语气IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery?IfIwonthelottery,IwouldIfIwonthelottery,Iwouldbuyanexpensivecar.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.IfIhadalotofmoneynow,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.Ifitwerefinenow,Iwouldgoshopping
6、.a.Ifthey_(be)herenow,they_(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_(burst)outagain,what_(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman_(benot)inthatroom,it_(be)verydangerous.d.IfI_(be)inyourposition,I_(ask)fortheteachershelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldask2.与
7、过去的事实相反与过去的事实相反If+haddone,主语主语+should(第一人称第一人称)/would(第二、第二、三人称三人称)/could/mighthavedoneIfhe_(drive)morecarefully,he_thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI_(learn)howtoswim,I_trappedonthisisland.hadlearntwouldnothavebeena.IfTom_(be)morecarefulintheexam,he_(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_(get)upe
8、arlier,you_(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.c.IfI_(meet)youyesterday,we_(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone3.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反If主语主语+didshoulddoweretodo,主语主语+should(第一人称第一人称)/would(第二、第二、三人称三人称)/could/mightdoIfyousucceeded,everythingwoul
9、dbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhe_(get)upearly,he_ontime.gotwouldbe假如他来了假如他来了,我们对他说什么呢？我们对他说什么呢？Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?假如他看见我假如他看见我,就会认识我。就会认识我。Ifheshouldseeme,hewouldknowme.a.Ifthere_(be)nonaturalresourcesanymore,
10、we_(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What_(happen)ifyou_(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanks当条件状语从句表示的当条件状语从句表示的动作动作和主句表和主句表示的示的动作动作所发生的时间不一致时，被称所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综条件句为错综条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.Ifthestaffhadbeenmorecareful,themal
11、lwouldnotbeonfirenow.wish+did/were(与现在事实相反的情况与现在事实相反的情况 )+haddone(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)+would/should/could/might+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望将来不大可能实现的愿望)三三. wish接宾语从句有三种情况：接宾语从句有三种情况：IwishI_astallasyou.wereIwisheveryday_mybirthday.wereIwishedI_(eat)somuchwatermelon.hadnteatenThepartywasterrible,IwishI_nevergonetoit.had
12、Iwishit_(rain)tomorrow.wouldrain从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。入空白处的最佳选项。1.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had2.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything_.A.willdieB.woulddieC.wouldhavediedD.havedied3.IwishthatI_withyoulastnight.A.couldhavegoneB.couldgoC.havegoneD.we
13、nt4.IfI_you,I_moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.A.was;shallpayB.am;willpayC.wouldbe;wouldpayD.were;wouldpay5.Iwishthatyou_suchabadheadachebecauseImsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.A.wouldnthaveB.didnthaveC.hadnthadD.haventhad6. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have misse
14、d B. had missed C. would miss D. missed7. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A. asked would knowB. had asked would have knownC. asked him knowD. had asked would knowAD8. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneB真真实条件句条件句真真实条件句用于条件句用于陈述述语气气,假假设的情的情况可能况可能发生
15、生,其中其中if是如果的意思。是如果的意思。时态关系关系句型句型:条件从句条件从句主句主句一般一般现在在时shall/will+动词原形原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案答案B真真实条件句主句条件句主句为将来将来时,从句用一般从句用一般现在在时。注意：注意：1)在真在真实条件句中条件句中,主句不能用主句不能用begoingto表示将来表示将来,该用用shall,will。2)(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2)表示表示真理真理时时,主句主句谓语动词便不用谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形动词原形,而直接而直接用用一般现在时的动词形式。一般现在时的动词形式。
