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1、Unit 3 Language in use构词法构词法 （1）合成构词法 英语中很多单词是通过合成的方式构成的，它们叫作合成词。常见的合成词有合成名词、合成动词、合成形容词、合成副词这几种类型。1）合成名词。如：football足球；handwriting笔迹2）合成动词。如：download下载；safeguard保卫3）合成形容词。如：world-famous世界闻名的4）合成副词。如：upstairs在楼上；sometimes有时 （2）派生构词法 派生法又称前缀、后缀构词法，即在一个单词前或后加上前缀或后缀构成新的单词。前缀、后缀是英语中常见的扩充词汇的方式，也是学习英语必须掌握的构
2、词法。 1）否定前缀,表示“不；相反”： un-。如：unhappy不高兴的；unhealthy不健康的 im-。如：impolite不礼貌的；impossible不可能的 in-。如：incorrect不正确的；independent独立的 dis-。如：disagree不同意；disappear消失 mis-。如：misunderstand误解 2）其他前缀： inter-，表示“相互”。如：international国际的 over-，表示“超过”。如：overweight超重 super-，表示“超级”。如：superman超人 3）名词后缀，表示“人”：-er。如：worker工人；
3、teacher教师-or。如：actor男演员；inventor发明者-ese。如：Chinese中国人；Japanese日本人-ian。如：Australian澳大利亚人-ist。如：pianist钢琴家；artist艺术家 4）其他名词后缀：-ment。如：development发展；movement运动-ness。如：illness疾病；kindness善良-tion。如：invention发明；action行动 5）形容词后缀： -able，表示“可能；易于”。如：enjoyable愉快的 -ful，表示“充满；具有性质”。如：careful仔细的 -less，表示“少的”。如：car
4、eless粗心的 -ly，表示“般的”。如：fatherly父亲般的 -al，表示“具有性质的”。如：personal私人的 -en，表示“质地的”。如：golden金色的 3）转化法 转化法就是在不改变拼写形式的基础上，由一种词性转化为另一种词性，主要有动词转化为名词、名词转化为动词、形容词转化为动词或名词等。 1）动词转化为名词。如： to dress穿a beautiful dress一条漂亮的裙子 to smell闻a terrible smell难闻的气味 2）名词转化为动词。如： a cup of water一杯水water the flowers浇花 3）形容词转化为名词。如：
5、a black dress一条黑色的裙子 a girl in black一个穿着黑衣服的女孩【话题呈现话题呈现】 本模块围绕“Save our world”展开话题，以节约能源、保护环境为主线，让学生树立环保意识，劝说人们增强环保意识。要求学生能够在写作中运用恰当的句型提建议，并简要说明理由。【佳句荟萃佳句荟萃】 Its our duty to save water. 节约水是我们的责任。 As we know, water is very important to man. 正如我们所知，水对人类很重要。 We cant live without water. 没有水我们无法生存。 The
6、amount of water which is suitable to drink is becoming less and less. 适合饮用的水的数量越来越少。 But some people dont care about it. 但是一些人并不关心它。 Many rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. Something must be done to stop the pollution. 许多河流和湖泊受到了严重的污染。必须采取措施来阻止污染。 Its our/everyones duty to protect our environm
7、ent. 保护环境是我们/每个人的责任。 It is very important to take care of our environment. 照顾好我们的环境很重要。 We should not throw away litter everywhere. 我们不应该到处扔垃圾。 We should not spit in a public place. 我们不应该在公共场所吐痰。 If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautifu
8、l. 如果每个人都为保护环境做贡献，世界将会变得越来越美好。 Trees are very helpful and important for us. 树对我们来说是有益又重要的。 We should plant more and more trees in order to live better and healthier lives in the future.为了在未来活得更好更健康，我们应该种越来越多的树。【写作任务写作任务】 有一种节约叫“光盘”，有一工艺叫“光盘”！所谓“光盘”就是吃干净你盘子里的食物，拒绝浪费，珍惜粮食！针对这项活动，并根据提示请以“No Wasting on
9、Food”为题，写一篇80词左右的短文，号召大家参与这项活动。 要求提示：Reason: 1. a waste of food/money; 2. pollute the environment; Suggestions: 1. eat up all your food/clear your plate; 2. order less or smaller dishes. 注意：1. 必须包括所有要点，可适当发挥； 2. 语句流畅，书写规范； 3. 文中不能出现真实姓名、地名等信息； 4. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。【写作指导】 这是要求学生写一篇关于拒绝浪费，珍惜粮食的文章，可用一般现在时和第
10、一人称来写作。Beginning越来越多的人加入光盘行动越来越多的人加入光盘行动 Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “1 ” campaign（活动）.Clearing Our PlateBody描述节约粮食的重要性描述节约粮食的重要性 It is a waste of 2 . And its not easy for farmers to 3 for us. There are still too many people in the 4 areas in China. the environment
11、will be 5 by the waste food.Ending可采取的措施及呼吁可采取的措施及呼吁 First, we should 6 all the food. Second, we may order 7 or 8 dishes.food and moneyproduce the foodpoorpollutedeat up less smaller【自主创作自主创作】 No Wasting on Food Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “Clearing Our Plate” campa
12、ign aga-inst wasting food by offering smaller dishes. 【范文展示范文展示】 No Wasting on Food Recently, many restaurants around our country have joined the “Clearing Our Plate” campaign against wasting food by offering smaller dishes. Many people around also pay more attention to saving food in their life. A
13、number of people have realised the importance of saving food. I believe it is important for us to take an active part in this activity. It is a waste of food and money if we order too much food but eat too little. And its not easy for farmers to produce the food for us. There are still too many peop
14、le in the poor areas in China, and they dont have enough food to eat. Meanwhile, the environment will be polluted by the waste food. We should take action to support the campaign. What should we do in our daily life to support the campaign? First, we should eat up all the food in our plates. Second,
15、 we may order less or smaller dishes in the restaurant. Third, we can take the leftovers home and enjoy them later. In a word, I think we should try our best to cherish the food.【升格点拨】 1. 该篇文章开头指出越来越多的餐馆加入“光盘行动”。 2. 第二段写节约食物的必要性。第二段开头写出人们认识到节约食物的重要性，同时又指出节约食物的原因。 3. 结尾写减少食物浪费可采取的措施及呼吁大家珍惜食物。最后一段开头以提问的方式引出要采取的措施进行提问，接下来分述采取的具体措施，最后呼吁大家珍惜食物，杜绝浪费。文章一气呵成，水到渠成。
