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1、单元语法归纳与练习单元语法归纳与练习1.1.概念概念 表示主语是动作的承受者。表示主语是动作的承受者。2.2.构成构成 be+ be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词,be,be有人称、数和时态的变化。有人称、数和时态的变化。 被动语态被动语态时态结构一般现在时am/is/are+done一般过去时was/were+done一般将来时shall/will/be going to+be done现在完成时have/has+been done含有情态动词的情态动词+be done3.3.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 (1) (1)不知道谁是动作的执行者。不知道谁是动作的执行者。 如如:Engl
2、ish is spoken in the world.:English is spoken in the world. 全世界说英语。全世界说英语。 (2) (2)没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 如如:The bridge was built last year.:The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。这座桥是去年建造的。 (3) (3)只需强调或突出动作的承受者。只需强调或突出动作的承受者。 如如:The room has not been cleaned up yet.:The room has not been
3、cleaned up yet. 房间还没有被清扫干净。房间还没有被清扫干净。 (4) (4)动作的发出者不是人。动作的发出者不是人。 如如:The window was blown by wind.:The window was blown by wind.风吹着窗户。风吹着窗户。4.4.主动语态变为被动语态的方法主动语态变为被动语态的方法 (1) (1)把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语把主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语; ; (2) (2)把谓语动词变成被动结构把谓语动词变成被动结构(be+(be+过去分词过去分词);); (3) (3)把主动语态中的主语变为被动语态的宾语把主动语态中
4、的主语变为被动语态的宾语, ,放在介词放在介词byby之后之后( (如没有如没有 必要必要, ,可以省略可以省略) )。【温馨提示】【温馨提示】(1)(1)短语动词变为被动语态短语动词变为被动语态: :短语动词是一个不可分割的整体短语动词是一个不可分割的整体, ,在变为被动在变为被动 语态时语态时, ,介词或副词不能省略。介词或副词不能省略。 例如例如:We often talk with the old politely.:We often talk with the old politely.我们经常很礼貌地和老我们经常很礼貌地和老 人说话。人说话。The old are often ta
5、lked with politely by us.The old are often talked with politely by us.(2)see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel,have(2)see,watch,hear,notice,listen to,look at,make,feel,have等动词等动词 ( (短语短语) )后作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略后作宾语补足语的动词不定式要省略to,to,但变为被动语态时但变为被动语态时, ,应应 加上不定式符号加上不定式符号toto。 例如例如:The teacher ma
6、de the boy stand outside.:The teacher made the boy stand outside.老师让那个男孩在老师让那个男孩在 外边站着。外边站着。The boy was made to stand outside by the teacher.The boy was made to stand outside by the teacher.(3)(3)主动结构表示被动意义主动结构表示被动意义: : open,shut,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn open,shut,write,read,sell,wash,cut,burn等
7、词作不及物动词时等词作不及物动词时, , 它们的主语是物它们的主语是物, ,可用主动语态表示被动意义。可用主动语态表示被动意义。 例如例如:The door wont open.:The door wont open.门打不开了。门打不开了。 look,sound,taste,smell,feel look,sound,taste,smell,feel等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 例如例如:The dress looks nice.:The dress looks nice.这裙子看起来很漂亮。这裙子看起来很漂亮。 want/need+doing want/
8、need+doing 相当于相当于 want/need+to be done want/need+to be done。例如。例如:The car:The car needs repairing.= The car needs to be repaired. needs repairing.= The car needs to be repaired.小汽车需要小汽车需要 修理。修理。宾语补足语宾语补足语 宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语, ,通常由形容词、名词、副词、介通常由形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、词短语、v.-ingv.-ing、动词不定式等担任。动词不定式作宾语
9、补足语时是、动词不定式等担任。动词不定式作宾语补足语时是否带否带to,to,取决于所跟动词。取决于所跟动词。1.1.动词是动词是tell,want,ask,advise,ordertell,want,ask,advise,order等时等时, ,接带接带toto的动词不定式作的动词不定式作 宾语补足语。例如宾语补足语。例如: : Jane asked her son to play soccer. Jane asked her son to play soccer. 简叫她的儿子去踢足球。简叫她的儿子去踢足球。2.2.动词是动词是make,let,have,see,watch,hearmake
10、,let,have,see,watch,hear等时等时, ,接不带接不带toto的动词不定的动词不定 式作宾语补足语。例如式作宾语补足语。例如: : The good news made them happy. The good news made them happy. 这个好消息使他们很快乐。这个好消息使他们很快乐。一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空一、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1.When we returned,we found a stranger 1.When we returned,we found a stranger (stand) (stand) in front o
11、f the house. in front of the house.2.Many people like to dance with the song “Gangnam style2.Many people like to dance with the song “Gangnam style because it can make them because it can make them (relax). (relax).3.Tell him 3.Tell him (not shut) the window. (not shut) the window.4.The doctor advis
12、ed her 4.The doctor advised her (stay)in bed for two (stay)in bed for two years. years.5.Did you have anyone 5.Did you have anyone (clean) the house? (clean) the house? Yes,I have got the house Yes,I have got the house (clean) well. (clean) well.standingstandingrelaxedrelaxednot to shutnot to shutto
13、 stayto staycleancleancleanedcleaned二、单项选择二、单项选择( )6.Flowers ( )6.Flowers along the road last year. along the road last year. A.plant A.plant B.plantedB.planted C.are planted C.are plantedD.were plantedD.were planted( )7.Our classroom is so clean.( )7.Our classroom is so clean. It It every day. ever
14、y day. A.is cleaned A.is cleanedB.was cleanedB.was cleaned C.cleans C.cleansD.cleanedD.cleaned( )8.Driving after drinking wine ( )8.Driving after drinking wine in China. in China. A.is not allowed A.is not allowed B.are not allowed B.are not allowed C.is not allowing C.is not allowingD DA AA A( )9.M
15、any comic books ( )9.Many comic books into cartoons in the past 40 into cartoons in the past 40 years. years. A.make A.make B.are madeB.are made C.have make C.have makeD.have been madeD.have been made( )10.Our classroom should ( )10.Our classroom should every day.(2021 every day.(2021原创原创) A.be swep
16、t A.be sweptB.be sweepingB.be sweeping C.is swept C.is sweptD DA A单项选择单项选择( )1.Would you like some tea,please?( )1.Would you like some tea,please? Yes,and I prefer tea Yes,and I prefer tea some sugar. some sugar. A.to A.toB.forB.for C.with C.with D.fromD.from( )2.Would you like ( )2.Would you like t
17、o drink? to drink? A.anything A.anythingB.somethingB.something C.nothing C.nothingC CB B( )3.The bridge ( )3.The bridge two years ago. two years ago. A.built A.built B.buildsB.builds C.was built C.was builtD.is built D.is built ( )4.Could you please tell me ( )4.Could you please tell me ? Theyre ove
18、r there. Theyre over there. A.where are the restrooms A.where are the restrooms B.where were the restrooms B.where were the restrooms C.where the restrooms are C.where the restrooms are D.where the restrooms were D.where the restrooms wereC CC C【易错提醒】【易错提醒】1.1.易错选易错选A,A,受受prefer sth.to sth.prefer st
19、h.to sth.意为意为“比起比起更喜欢更喜欢 的影响的影响, , 而此题中的意思表达的是而此题中的意思表达的是“我喜欢加糖的茶我喜欢加糖的茶,with,with有有; ;带有。带有。2.2.易错选易错选A,A,只想到了只想到了anythinganything用于否认句和疑问句用于否认句和疑问句, ,但但somethingsomething除用于肯除用于肯 定句定句, ,还可以用于征求意见的疑问句。此题属于征求意见的疑问句。还可以用于征求意见的疑问句。此题属于征求意见的疑问句。 3.3.此题易错选此题易错选A A。没有想到主语。没有想到主语the bridgethe bridge和谓语和谓语
20、buildbuild之间是被动关系之间是被动关系, , 只考虑到了只考虑到了two years agotwo years ago用于过去时态。用于过去时态。4.4.易错选易错选D D。受主句中。受主句中couldcould的影响的影响, ,认为认为couldcould是是cancan的过去式的过去式, ,而在征求意而在征求意 见的句子见的句子:Could you please.?:Could you please.?中中couldcould不代表过去不代表过去, ,只是一种委婉的只是一种委婉的 语气。由答语语气。由答语Theyre over thereTheyre over there可知是现在时可知是现在时, ,所以选所以选C C。
