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1、四级考试语法复习重点四级考试语法复习重点(1) (1) 非谓语动词考查特点非谓语动词考查特点1）谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断）谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断 l近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%，平均每年近5道题，可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢？l对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如： All things _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A. had been canceled B. hav
2、e been canceled C. were canceled D. having been canceled 四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。 l His remarks left me _ about his real purpose. A. wondered B. wonder C. to wonder D. wonderingl When I caught him _ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with anothe
3、r shop. A. cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheatingl The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _ on benches, chairs or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. having been seatedlAnswers:D A C6) 做表语的非谓语动词的选择做表语的非谓语动词的选择 l表语的考查多侧重于分词做表语形式的选择，很少有动名词的用法的考查，虽然选项中有不定
4、式作为干扰项，只要能看出是做表语的也就不用考虑。如：l The house was very quiet, _ as it was on the side of the mountain. A. isolated B. isolating lC. being isolated D. having been isolated l These surveys indicate that many crimes go _ by the police,mainly because not all victims report them. A. unrecorded B. to be unrecorde
5、d C. unrecording D. to have been unrecordedl 分词做表语可以做系动词be的表语，也可以做其它系动词的表语，如go, feel,seem, look, remain等等。这些系动词后非谓语动词的用法规则是相同的。 答案：A,A7) to作为介词与作为不定式符号的选作为介词与作为不定式符号的选择择lto可以是介词，也可以用来引导不定式，四级考试中对种类用法的考查也比较多。如：l I have no objection _ your story again. A. to hear B. to hearing C. to having heard D. to
6、 have heardl The traditional approach _ with complex problems is to break down into smaller, more easily managed problems. A. to dealing B. in dealing C. dealing D. to deall The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company. A. have told B. be told C. being told D. having told
7、 l这类考题的考查方式有两种，一是四个选项中有两个相对的选项to do something 和 to doing something，这时考查的自然是to的性质；另一种是to在题干中，如。lAnswers:B,A, D 8) 分词前连词的使用分词前连词的使用 l分词前连词的使用是为了使分词的作用更加明了，使考生更加准确地理解试题。考查有两种情况l (1)根据连词选择适当的分词形式 Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _. A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded when的使用
8、说明非谓语动词做时间状语，答案不可能是B，从scold与句子主语间的逻辑关系来看，应该是动宾关系，答案应该是D。l (2)根据状语的功能选择不同的连词 Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patient do not take drugs _ directed. A. like B. so C. which D. as 由上下文的意思可以看出，分词所做的是方式状语，连词应该是as。 9) 非谓语动词的体非谓语动词的体 l非谓语动词中分词的体有完成体和进行体，即having done, having been
9、done和being done，完成体只用于做状语的场合，而进行体可以用于做定语和做补足语。 动名词的体也有having done, having been done和 being done的结构主要用于做主语和宾语的场合。 不定式的体有to be doing 和to have done，主要用于pretend, happen, seem, appear, be said to等结构中。如： l The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to the manager of the company. A. have told B. be told C.
10、 being told D. having told l Id rather read than watch television; the programs seem _ all the time. lA. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worsel从all the time的使用可以推断get worse是一个渐变过程，所以用不定式的进行体。l The speech _ ，a lively discussion started.lA. being delivered B. was de
11、livered C. be delivered D. having been delivered l该结构属于独立主格结构做时间状语，状语分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以应该用完成体，答案为D。 10）动名词复合结构）动名词复合结构 l动名词符合结构可以做主语、宾语和表语，在对动名词的考查中总是将其逻辑主语包括进来，形成动名词的复合结构： _ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated C. The gir
12、ls being educated D. The girl to be educatedl 本题涉及题眼比较多，A，为从句做主语，但缺少that，D为不定式做主语，但缺少for(for the girl to be educated)，B结构不能做主语，答案是C，为动名词的复合结构。l Ann never dreams of _ for her to be sent abroad very soon. A. there being a chance B. there to be a chance C. there be a chance D. being a chancel 介词后用动名词，表
13、示存在时必须用there be句型，所以答案为A，这也是动名词复合结构，there为动名词的逻辑主语。 l I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A. you to delay making B. your delaying making C. you delaying to make D. you delay to make lMind要求接动名词,动名词的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词，答案自然是B。 l I would appreciate _ it a secret.l A. your keeping B. you to keep C. that you keep D. that you will keepl 本题与上一题类似，答案是A。
