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1、Past participleI. I. 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语1. 1. 单个过去分词作定语单个过去分词作定语, , 通常前置通常前置a. 及物动词的过去分词，具有及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成被动和完成的意义。的意义。a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowd A cup which is broken A soldier who was woundedA guest who is unexpectedThe crowd who were excitedc)有有时：形容：形容词/数数词+名名词
2、ed=复合形容复合形容词 * a three-legged table * a one-eyed general * an honest-faced man a grown womana retired officerA woman who has grownA officer who has retiredb. 不及物动词的过去分词，具有不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成主动和完成意义。意义。2. 过去分词过去分词短语短语作定语：通常后置，其作用相当作定语：通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。于定语从句。a letter written in pencilthe book borrowed b
3、y Jackthe machines produced last yearThis object, discovered almost by accident, has changed machine.= a letter which was written in pencil= the book which was borrowed by Jack= the machines which were produced last year= This object, which was discovered almost by accident, has changed machine.过去分词
4、与现在分词的区别：过去分词与现在分词的区别：1 语态不同语态不同：现在分词表示：现在分词表示主动主动， 及物动词的过去分词表示及物动词的过去分词表示被动被动*不及物动词的过去分词只有不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成完成”含义，含义，而不表示被动而不表示被动an inspiring speech the inspired audience鼓舞人心的演说鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众受到鼓舞的观众The falling leaves the fallen leaves正往下落的叶子正往下落的叶子落叶（已经落到地面的）落叶（已经落到地面的）2 时间关系不同时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，现在分词作定语，-
5、动作正在进行动作正在进行”或或“与谓语同时进与谓语同时进行行”或或“经常性经常性”。过去分词作定语，过去分词作定语，-动作动作“先于谓语表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作” 或或“ 没有一定的时间性没有一定的时间性”1.Do you know the boy _(lie) under the big tree?2. “Cant you read?” Mary said angrily _(point) to the notice.3 The woman _(sell) vegetables has gone.4.The wheat is watered by water _(bring) from
6、a pond.5. He is a leader_ (respect) by the people.3 及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词(done)：被动被动,完成了的动作完成了的动作现在分词的被动式现在分词的被动式(being done):被动正在进行的动作被动正在进行的动作the problem discussed yesterdayThe problem being discussed 4. 过去分词（过去分词（done）: “完成完成”和和“被动被动”，现在分词的现在分词的完成被动式（完成被动式（having been done）:强调强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作。分词动作明显先于
7、谓语动作。1.He is a teacher _(respect) by all.2. _(tell)to stay in Beijing, the boy decided not to return to his village.II. 过去分词做表语过去分词做表语1 过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于过去分词（短语）作表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态说明的是主语的状态All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well written.He appeared more satisfied wit
8、h my work.2 过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别过去分词做表语与现在分词做表语的区别（1）现在分词作表语：表主语的性质或特征）现在分词作表语：表主语的性质或特征, “另人另人-”，有主动的意思。如：，有主动的意思。如：exciting,moving,amusing,astonishing,frightening,interesting,relaxing,shocking,surprising,terrifying,tiring etc.(2) 过去分词作定语：表示主语的状态过去分词作定语：表示主语的状态,“感到感到-”，有被动的意思，有被动的意思.如：如：excited,moved
9、,amused,astonished,frightened,interested,relaxed,satisfied,surprised,terrified,tired etc.eg,They got very excited.(3).过去分词作表语过去分词作表语,说明说明主语的特点及所处的状态，主语的特点及所处的状态，动词的被动语态动词的被动语态,强调的是动作强调的是动作。The glass is broken.The glass is broken by my little brother.过去分去分词常用于某些固定的常用于某些固定的词组中中be interested in sth. /
10、doing sth. be engaged in sth. / doing sth. be prepared to do sth. be / get used to sth. / doing sth. Exercises: 1. We lived in the house _(我舅舅们修建的我舅舅们修建的). 2. Any medicine _(服用服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble. 3. We spent two hours discussing the plan _ (她制定的她制定的). 4. _ (开水开水) 5.
11、 _ (一个破碎的茶杯一个破碎的茶杯) 6. three _ (受伤的士兵受伤的士兵)built by my unclestakenmade by herboiled watera broken cupwounded soldiersExercises: 1. Most of the people _(被邀请参加宴会的被邀请参加宴会的) were famous scientists. 2. Lessons _ (易学的易学的)are soon forgotten. * _ (易学的易学的) lessons are soon forgotten. 3. The computer center _
12、(开办开办) last week is popular with the students .invited to the partylearned easilyopened/startedEasily-learnedExercises1.Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.2. A. being known B. having been known3. C. to be known D. known2.As we joined the big crowd, I got
13、 _ from my friends3. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed4.3.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay4.The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C. , did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be f
14、irst playingDACC5. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. be B. having begun C. beginning D. begun6. The television is a _ machine. A. newly-invented B. new-invented C. newly-invent D. newly-invention7. _ English is different from _ English in many ways. A. Spok
15、en, written B. Speaking, written C. Spoken, writing D. Speak, writeDAA8. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars9. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than some store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying10. Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boringDBA
