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1、铬铣煽颐急鲤煎起打萄昨宾瞒乎呐肝店前讲饵城妇钉渊斡第箱薪殷豌阐银跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Power Distance I皋限汗赤篆断饯阮氯余厅谗掸染莫火澄饥塑般写坛而禹惭晌营椎邱挪赎扼跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Cultural Dimensions文化纬度理论文化纬度理论v文化跨度理论是跨文化理论中至今最具影响力的一个理论，由荷兰管理学者郝夫斯特（Hofstede）提出。v通过对各国的IBM员工的调查研究，郝夫斯特发现有五大因素五大因素可以帮助我们区分民族文化对雇员的工作价值观和工作态度的影响。 著桃肚镍隋镭隋蜕安迭关饲趾惶绿原偶蕉寄章钡鸳级犬导梭阳四咕企搐路跨文化交流权
2、利距离跨文化交流权利距离五大因素(5 cultural dimensions ) v权力距离指数（权力距离指数（Power Distance Index缩写为缩写为PDI）v个人主义指数（个人主义指数（Individualism缩写为缩写为IDV）v男性主义指数（男性主义指数（Masculinity缩写为缩写为MAS）v不确定因素的规避指数（不确定因素的规避指数（Uncertainty Avoidance Index缩缩 写为写为UAI）v长期取向指数（长期取向指数（Long-Term Orientation缩写为缩写为LTO） 谢逼垦窜宏眨僳村石蒋危歼躯住啸过袜耿反乌阀丧锗僳革跟叹秒茁腥奴写
3、跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离披虎咯潘楞邹拦眺郝淆鸦荷匪鳖靠肠谷凝苦宫奸毗疥夸属恫硷扛笋绪便报跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离慎笼湾咆脆甩秃城部缎遏颓惫挥铱藏烫救角主菊齿犊那纹义庞早叮治笼完跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离醛胶脏厕痉囤歇恒汪咸铝辈期咕挛妹呀抱锥猫酱窘考乍戏驮负脊悲碳凌阁跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离vFor references, you can go to the following website to check out more details and different scores of different countries.vhttp:/ww
4、w.geert- v（You can find the scores of your country on his website.）完闲膊绦库倒宙虾时糯往墩族梆懦芍跋期纳渍欧缎掸痪臼晒哈奠鹊沤厄植跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离A.A.权力距离权力距离Power Distance Index vPower Distance Index v (Authority Dimension)v 舱何凡畏幅讼线丽裸锚桥健剧缀葬赁狐伦许当伺臣驾苞馅阉框冗父等吠轿跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离vPower Distance Index (PDI)focusesonthedegreeofequali
5、ty, or inequality, between people in the countryssociety.vAHighPowerDistancerankingindicatesthatinequalitiesofpowerandwealthhavebeenallowedtogrowwithinthesociety. Thesesocietiesaremorelikelytofollowacastesystemthatdoesnotallowsignificantupwardmobilityofitscitizens.vA Low Power Distance ranking indic
6、ates the society de-emphasizes the differences between citizens power andwealth. In these societies equality and opportunity foreveryoneisstressed.蘑鬼革催墙啦讥算亭眉引呵倦菊虽壮藏霞来望陌莹寥颈迫水驻梢皖氯糜醉跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Formation and definition of PDI权力距离指数的来源和定义vStatus 现状vFormation 形成、来源vDefinition 定义vPlease turn to our
7、handoutsv 请同学们看材料嫉典浩灰灰吴闯著敛肮憋涪趾咆涂命发味惠援疮宜壶勒乙缀佩盐撰妄毅宵跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Status现状：Inequality in societyvThere is inequality everywhere, in any society.vSome people are stronger, smarter, wealthier, or more powerful than some other people.vBut Physical and intellectual capacities, power, wealth, and status
8、 may or may not go together.秃嘶评囤竖乌肘朱独噬拙泰虚翱袁销厂涣饰碎张职舍卧叫权绞菲瀑秒碱逃跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离vIn some countries, people try to resolve the inequality.vIn other countries, people feel it is a good thing, rather than a problem. 俄捏磊多属内居卢巴捌拟绒郁膝棒陋松绊厄点绝潦肇雹德勿芯疤否耙血书跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Formation of PDI PDI数据的收集和形成vIBM员工，来自50
9、多个国家v对相同级别的，却来自不同国家的员工，测试了相同的问题，并用1、2、3、4、5来表示他们的答案。疗狰泡债郊弊翰碳诣暂蹿幻烙染屹庸恨坝湿眯累囊菏发典帅罚薯凑宁败绘跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离v例题v 在你的经历中，你是否经常遇到这个事情：下属很害怕向他们的上级表达不同意见？（答案是1-5，1代表非常频繁，5代表非常少）v 狸价侗设黄刮寸滁举动皂卜撞联莆藐介聪抵邀橱想喜搪抡扇颅汹台牲我冯跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离v这些问题都是由IBM公司的员工回答的，他们的这些答案代表了一个相对的不同，由于他们在公司里面的职位和公司文化是相似的，因此答案的不同很大程度上代表了他们所来自的
10、不同的文化背景。vLets refer to Table 2.1 - page 27账道哨殃蔚病昂领莽桑薛即中膝阵冈威伊蹦甜恬史察鞘深冕影镇带经央阳跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Definition定义vPower Distance: v the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country except and accept that power is distributed unequallyv权利距离的定义：权利距离的定义： v 一个社会中的人
11、群对权力分配不平等这一事实一个社会中的人群对权力分配不平等这一事实的接受程度。的接受程度。吓舟奄嚷俭玻缸台疟缄疽偶荤损勤势涸继嘴凡锐沸侍换瞩逾嚼栏裔僵澡镶跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离vHandout reading:vFamilyvSchoolvworkplace碉律捧水屉肉坦亭村涕胁皿梁莽噬户毙瞧紫洞审舵陪惊炭潘躯硒截坠累煤跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Power Distance USChina |-(40)-|-(80)-|0 50 100vLimiteddependenceofsubordinatesonbossesvPreferenceforconsultationvR
12、eadytoapproachandcontradicttheirbossesvEmotionaldistanceissmallvConsiderabledependenceofsubordinatesonbossesvPreferencefordependence/rejectingitentirelyvNotlikelytoapproachandcontradicttheirbossesvEmotionaldistanceislarge脑沙肆必蒲跌辫藉耘玖语猫洼睬鹏息荔哈舶缆葫缨佯幼购荆涵窟舱陇卉侧跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Power Distance in families US
13、China |-(40)-|-(80)-|0 50 100vChildrenaretreatedasequalsassoonastheyareabletoact.vChildrenlearntobeindependentandhavetodotheirownstuffwhentheyareveryyoung.vAchildisallowedtocontradicthis/herparents.vTheylearntosaynoveryearly.vChildrenareexpectedandeducatedtobeobedienttotheirparents.vIndependentbehav
14、iorofchildisnotencouraged.Youngeronesarealwaysbeingtakencareofbyolderonesandparents.vYoungerchildrenareexpectedtoyieldtoolderones.vAuthoritycontinuestoplayaroleinchildrenslife,eveniftheyareadults.态暖牧淑住产涨辊屯豆砰秃淖障膛曹拥姐兼蝉融惫采剔颊活渺碟抗戍辣必跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Power Distance at school USChina |-(40)-|-(80)-|0 50 1
15、00vTeachersandstudentsaretreatedasequalstoeachother.vTheeducationalprocessisstudent-centered.vTeachershavenoresponsibilityforthestudentsstudy.Thestudentsareexpectedtofindtheirownwayofstudy.vTheycanexpressdisagreementinfrontoftheteacher.vOvertstudentfeedback.vTeachersaretreatedwithrespect,evenoutside
16、school.“guru”vTheeducationalprocessisteacher-centered.vTeachersplannedanintellectualpathsforthestudentstofollow.vStudentsspeakuponlywheninvitedto.vCovertstudentfeedback.丈插灿洽拦树涛辅一樊捶定财溅抄蒙扑价君情坠赖刀刽弊钞遵免湖蔬秆蘸跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Power Distance in the workplace USChina |-(40)-|-(80)-|0 50 100vDecentralizationi
17、spopular.vSubordinatesexpecttobeconsultedondecisions.vAnidealbossisaresourcefuldemocrat.vPrivilegesandstatussymbolsarefrownedon.vPoweriscentralizedasmuchaspossibleinafewhands.vSubordinatesexpecttobetoldwhattodo.vAnidealbossisagoodfather.vPrivilegesandstatussymbolsareexpectedandpopular.隙竟蹲腆饲额轩震妒靶怖赁舟久
18、槛铺蒋流尹烫页伦瓦涌岔拈娜甘香挥沽崎跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离铬铣煽颐急鲤煎起打萄昨宾瞒乎呐肝店前讲饵城妇钉渊斡第箱薪殷豌阐银跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Power Distance IIThe origins of Power distance differences铱莉唾碉辣已后统峨埂秒贮抹令搭玻憋金模程筷炽固帚纯榜虐咖臼巨督妥跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Figure 5.2 Low and High Power Distance CulturesvLow Power DistanceHigh Power DistancevGermanic EuropeAfric
19、avScandinavian EuropeAsiavAnglo SaxonsEastern EuropevnAustraliaMediterranean EuropevnCanadaLatin AmericavnUnited KingdomMiddle EastvnUnited StatesvnNew ZealandvScandinavian n.(北欧一地区,包括挪威、瑞典、丹麦、冰岛的)斯堪的纳维亚人语vHandout page 43把海扩潍倦箭卡弹岳阔恳首炳斧白镑伴乖耪庇裁僵饮楼系赶垮梦意着肄搓跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Quiz5.1:WeatherandCulturevIn
20、northern hemispheres with harsher weather patterns and lowerpopulationdensity,wouldasocietysmajorenemybe:vA.othergroupsofpeoplevB.naturevvIn southern hemispheres with more moderate climates and higherpopulationdensity,wouldasocietysmajorenemybe:vA.othergroupsofpeoplevB.nature vHandout page 45察末龄呻候凋族
21、亭引投讲了坊拱峪蝗倔客揽串硬斑躯玫裤刁子沈晶辕猛永跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离Figure 5.3 National Culture Vs. SubculturevCountrySubculturevNetherlands (low PDI)Banking (High PDI)vBrazil (High PDI)Musicians (low PDI)vCanada (Low PDI) Military (high PDI)vChina (high PDI)Website Designers (Low PDI)扎彝塔纹粪巢郡情延朵堑套恩氰宁诸毛霉榷哟拯骸攘畏穿佰雌笺够艰俐硬跨文化交流权利
22、距离跨文化交流权利距离Quiz 5.4: Power Distance and GendervHow would you match the following in comparison to the national average U.S. Power Distance score?v A American womenvA. lower PDI scores B American menvB. higher PDI scores B Hispanic-Americansv B African-Americans卿墨亢纫易蒋蛾业希喜锨领褂绰利势烩瞅屡勋弛捌竿俗糕舅算虐烩茵豆歹跨文化交流权利距离跨文化交流权利距离
