长难句4students姜茜.ppt

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1、长难句1.情态动词常考句型l1)may/might(just)aswell“不妨,最好”,与hadbetter相近;Sincetheflightwascancelled,youmightaswellgobytrain.=youdbettergobytrain.l2)cannot/canttoo“越越好,怎么也不过分”。变体cannotover.如:Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar.Thefinalchaptercoversorganizationalchangeanddevelopment.Thissubjectcannotbeoveremphasiz

2、ed.l3)should研英中“竟然”的意思。Ididntexpectthatheshouldhavebehavedlikethat.l情态动词被动关系的主动表达法情态动词被动关系的主动表达法 1 want, require, worth(形容词)(形容词)后面接后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。也可以表示被动意义。 YourhairwantscuttingThebookisworthreadingThefloorrequireswashing.2need既可以用既可以用need to be done 也可以使用也可以使用need doing ,两种形式都表达被动的意义,两种形式都表达被动的

3、意义 Thehouseneedspainting=thehouseneedstobepainted.Thewatchneededrepairing=thewatchneededtoberepaired.关于情态动词时态lMypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”(1996年语法)lAsitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,weneednthavedressedupsoformal

4、ly.(1998年语法)真题:08年翻译lInhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,but(46)hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentl

5、yabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.l他相信正是这个困难具有一个补偿性优点:迫使他长时间专注地思考每一句,因此促使他发现推理及他本人观察上的错误。2.3“morethan+形容词”表示“非常”lTheUSAremainsmorethancapableofholdinglraqdown,whileconfrontingNorthKoreaandlranitsnextmaintargets.l美国在推翻伊拉克的同时,完全还有实力可以与下两个打击目标一朝鲜和伊朗来

6、对抗。2.4morethan前面加修饰lAsaresult,Californiasgrowthratedroppedduringthel970s,to18.5percent-littlemorethantwothirdsthel960sgrowthfigureandconsiderablybelowthatofotherWesternstates.(1998年阅读第四篇)l结果,加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代降到18.5只是20世纪60年代增长率的三分之二强一点,比西部其他州的增长率低得多。“nomorethan+数字”,表示“仅仅,只有”lAbrahamLincolnreceive

7、dnomorethansixmonthsofformaleducation.l区别于:nothingmorethan,表示“只不过是”,类似于nothingbut短语。lTheindividualTVviewerinvariablysensesthatheorsheis_ananonymous,statisticallyinsignificantpartofahugeanddiverseaudience.A.everythingexceptB.anythingbutC.nolessthanD.nothingmorethan(2001年语法)变体1:nomorethan“A与B同样不”。l例句B

8、lamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhortersacademicspecialtyislanguagehistoryandchangeandheseesthegradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecaseendingsofOldEnglish.(2005阅读第四篇)l译文指责纵容的20世纪6

9、0年代并不是什么新鲜事,但是这还不仅仅是对教育质量下降的又一种批评。又一种批评。McWhorter先生的专业就是专门研究语言的历史与变迁,他认为像“whom”一词的逐渐消失是很正常的,如同古英语中格的消失一样,我们不必为此感到遗憾。变体2:not.anymorethan.用来表示两个事物之间的类比关系的lButhisprimarytaskisnottothinkaboutthemoralcode,whichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanisexpectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrules

10、ofconductinbusiness.(2006年第49题)l译文但是,他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行动的道德,就如同不能指望商人专注于探讨行业规范一样。l例句Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse.l译文诚然,科学是建立在事实基础之上的,正如房屋是用砖块砌成的;但是简单的事实罗列不能称为科学,就如同砖块的堆砌不能成为房屋一样。2.5nolessthan/no

11、thinglessthanlNolessthan不少于,多达lThisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvive.inafactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworksnolessthan50tookalossin1989.(2005年第48题)l这一点就足以证明,要在电视行业里生存下来并非易事。统计数字尤其说明了这一事实在80个欧洲电视网中,多达一半在1989年亏损。Nothinglessthan不亚

12、于,相当的lOurreenactmentpromisestobenothinglessthanspectacular.l我们的再次表演将是相当壮观的。2.6ratherthanv.s.otherthanll.“otherthan.”相当于“differentfrom.”,意思是“不同于,除了以外其他的”。“ratherthan”意思是“而不是”,表示否定than后边的事物。l2.“AratherthanB”,这里A和B都是表示两个并列的成分。而如果“AotherthanB”,则往往是B属于A中的一种元素或一部分。简单地说,ratherthan连接的A和B两个成分是并列关系,otherthan连

13、接的A和B两个成分是所属关系。la.Thewaterwheelisamechanismdesignedtoharnessenergyfromasourceotherthananimals.lb.Thewaterwheelisamechanismdesignedtoharnessenergyfromwaterratherthanfromanimals.lWearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyle_inapersonalone.lA.ratherthanB.otherthanlC.betterthanD.lessthan(

14、1995年语法)ratherthan长句真题示例:lAsaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.(2001年阅读第二篇)l因此,我相信数字化差异在未来的几年将会缩小,而不是扩大。lToseeananimalinpainisenough,formost,toengagesympathy.Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake:itismankindsinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,aninstinctthatshouldbee

15、ncouragedratherthanlaughedat.(1997年第75题)l大多数人看到动物受苦足以产生同情。这种反应并不错,这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用。这种本能应受到鼓励,而不是遭到嘲弄。otherthan真题示例:lTechnically,anysubstanceotherthanfoodthataltersourbodyormentalfunctioningisadrug.(97年阅读3)l从技术上来讲,除食品外,任何改变我们身体或大脑功能的物质都是“药物”。lTheEuropethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanitsp

16、eoples,theirculturesandnationalidentities.WiththisinmindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.(05翻译)ltheconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2005.(10阅读)长难句3.倒装结构inversionl部分倒装:把谓语中的

17、助动词或情态助动词倒装到主语之前去;将谓语的其余部分留在主语之后。真题示例lForexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeen,hadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.(1995)l例如,测试并不弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境下成长,会有多大才干。lEmergingfromthe1980censusisthepictu

18、reofanationdevelopingmoreandmoreregionalcompetition,aspopulationgrowthintheNortheastandMidwestreachesanearstandstill.(98)l1980年美国人口普查显示出这样一幅图像:随着东北部和中西部人口增长近乎停止,地区间的竞争越来越激烈了。lNowheredo1980censusstatisticsdramatizemoretheAmericansearchforspaciouslivingthanintheFarWest.(98)l没有哪次调查比1980年美国人口普查更能显示出,美国人

19、迁往最西部是为了找到更广阔的生存空间。lNor,ifregularityandconformitytoastandardpatternareasdesirabletothescientistasthewritingofhispaperswouldappeartoreflect,ismanagementtobeblamedfordiscriminatingagainstthe“oddballs”amongresearchersinfavorofmoreconventionalthinkerswho“workwellwiththeteam”. (99)l如果像他们的论文所反映的那样,科学家也想看到

20、规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性,那么如果管理人员歧视研究人员中的“标新立异者”,而赞赏“善于合作”的具有传统思维模式的人,那也是无可指责的。全部倒装:主语谓语动词整个的倒装lUnderthattreesitsabeautifulgirl.lVisitingBeijingare300Japaneseyoungpeople.lCoupledwiththegrowingquantityofinformationisthedevelopmentoftechnologieswhichenablethestorageanddeliveryofmoreinformationwithgreaterspeedt

21、omorelocationsthanhaseverbeenpossiblebefore.(1995)l伴随着信息量不断增长的是技术的发展,这些技术使得人们能够比过去以更快的速度往更多的地方储存和发送更多的信息,这在以前是不可能的。长难句4.强调句lIt引导的强调句,强调句子部分成分(除谓语)lItis/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其余部分lMymothermetTominthestreetyesterday.l改写:强调主语l是我母亲昨天在街上遇见了汤姆lItwasmymotherthat(who)metTominthestreetyesterday.真题练习lAtTimeWarner

22、,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoulsearchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.Itsaselfexaminationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.(1997)l不过,对于成立于1990年的时代华纳公司而言,这样的质问仅仅是公司自我反思的最新表白,这是一种自我反

23、省,在不同时期涉及责任,创作自由和公司底线问题。lThus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.(1994)l在美国经济体制中,消费者个人的需求、商人获取最大利润的追求

24、和消费者渴望最大限度地增加自己的收入共同决定应该生产什么和如何利用资源去生产这些产品。形式主语it,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句(考研作文中的常用句型):l1)Itis+过去分词+that从句:lItsreportedthat.据报道.lItsbelievedthat人们相信lItisgenerallythoughtthat.人们普遍认为lItshouldbenotedthat应当注意lIthasbeenfoundthat现已发现lItmustbepointedoutthat必须指出l可以这样用的动词还有:say,expect,know,estimate,forecast等。l例句And

25、itisimaginedbymanythattheoperationsofthecommonmindcanbebynomeanscomparedwiththeseprocesses,andthattheyhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.(1993年第74题)l例句Itisgenerallyagreedthatapersonofhighintelligenceisonewhocangraspideasreadily,makedistinctions,reasonlogically,andmakeuseofverbalandmathematical

26、symbolsinsolvingproblems.(1992年英译汉)真题再现真题再现l例句Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountryseconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.(2000年第72题)lFurthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountrys

27、economyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry。lAlso,itisobviousthat【theefficiency(ofitsagricultureandindustry)】inturnrestsuponl再者,很显然,一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高又依赖于各种科技人员的努力。真题再现真题再现l例句WhenIdecidedtoquitmyfulltimeemploymentitneveroccurredtomethatImightbecomeapartofanewinter

28、nationaltrend.l当我决定放弃全日制工作的时候,怎么也没有想到我会成为一个新的国际流行趋势的一部分.真题再现真题再现l例句WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviseversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.(1994年第75题)l政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入,还是相反,这往往取决于把哪一方面看作是驱动性的力量。真题再现真题再现l例句Howeve

29、r,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.(2005年阅读第一篇)l不过,这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成的,还是来自于3,500万年以前他们共同的祖先,依然是个未解之谜。how引导的主语从句lHowhefulfilledtheheavytaskaheadofscheduleisso

30、methingwedontknow.l例句Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterpredominancedependsupontheamount,reliabilityandappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.(1995年第72题)lhowwell在从句中充当状语,修饰动词validated。l这些预测能在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实,取决于采用的信息数量、可靠性、适应性,及解释这些信息的技能和才智。l例句Acentur

31、yago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears.(2005年阅读第三篇)l例句Suchbehaviorisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.(2005年阅读第一篇)lThereisnoagreementwhethermeth

32、odologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothevariousbranchesofhistoricalinquiry.(1999年第74题)lwhethermethodologyreferstotheconceptspeculiartolormethodologyreferstotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetol所谓方法是指一般历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一

33、。2“名词+其他成分+that+陈述句”句型l例句Concernswereraisedthatwitnessesmightbeencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourttoensureguiltyverdicts.l例句Drearymonthsdraggedbybeforethetragicnewsreachedherthatherbelovedbrotherhadbeenkilledforanti-Naziactivities.l例句Evidencecameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesa

34、syoungasmonthsold.长难句6:状语从句l例句Strangely.somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,_othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.lA.whenB.sinceC.forD.whereasl05年完型第9题LongbeforeA,在A没发生以前就l例句TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthoughts,whichtookroot

35、inEuropelongbeforepeoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.(2004年第61题)l译文希腊人认为,语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。lThemineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.(1991年阅读第三篇)lbefore从句虽然表示时间,但根据上下文逻辑关系,转译成条件从句,译为“只有才

36、”。l译文土壤里的矿物质是无法被植物直接利用的,它们只有在溶于土壤的溶液之后,才能为植物的根系所吸收。l尤其是在before从句之前接有一段时间状语,一般可以翻译成“在多长时间之后才”。l例句Ittookafewmonthsofinvestigationbeforeitbecameclear.l经过了几个月调查之后,情况才开始变得明朗。l例句Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefullyconsidered.(1991语法)l在这家工厂,一项建议往往要等上数月之后才会被考虑。6.1.2when从句的考点lO

37、narainydayIwasdrivingnorththroughVermont_Inoticedayoungmanholdingupasignreading“Boston”.(2000年语法)lA.whichB.whereC.whenD.thatl在一个延续动作的背景中(如wasdriving)突然发生了一个短暂动作。翻译成条件句l例句Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefinedandleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasure

38、dorpredictedcannotbewelldefined.(1995年第74题)l译文一般来说,如果所需要测定的特征能很精确地界定时,测试最为有效;而如果所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时,测试的效果最差。lThegirlislikehermotherinthatshealsohasverydelicatefeeling.l这个女孩很像她妈妈,原因在于她感情也很细腻。lBritainspressisunusualinthatitisdividedintotwoverydifferenttypesofnewspaper:thequalitypressandthepopularpress.

39、l英国报业与众不同,原因就在于它的报纸分为内容严肃的大报和通俗的,报两种截然不同的类型。lVitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelementsusuallycarbon,hydrogen:oxygenandsometimesnitrogen.Theyaredifferent_theirelementsarearrangeddifferently.(1996年第46题)lA.inthatB.sothatC.suchthatD.exceptthatlSeeingthatitsraininghard,wellhavetostayhereforth

40、enight.lTheydidthejobverywell,consideringthattheyhadnoexperience.lGiventhattheyareinexperienced,theyvedoneagoodjob.lNowthatthesemesterisfinished,Imgoingtorestafewdaysandthentakeatrip.6.4目的状语从句lsothat,inorderthat和thatlFormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveaduty

41、todieandgetoutoftheway”sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.(2003年阅读第四篇)l译文人们常引用科罗拉多州前州长RichardLamm的话说,老年多病者“有义务死去和让位”,以便让更年轻、更健康的人们发挥他们的潜能。6.5结果状语从句lso.that,such.that。so后边接形容词或副词,或接分词,而such后要接名词lAndhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingandoperatingthemwillresultinthebre

42、akoutofanewpsychologicaldisorderkitchenrage.(2001年第75题)l家用电器将会变得如此智能化,以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病厨房狂躁症。l例句Conversationbecomesweakerinasocietythatspendssomuchtimelisteningandbeingtalkedto_ithasallbutlostthewillandtheskilltospeakforitself.(2001年语法)lA.asB.whichC.thatD.whatl例句NativeAmericanlanguagesareindeedd

43、ifferent,somuchsoinfactthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWar11tosendsecretmessages.(2004年英译汉)so提前置句首,倒装l例句Soinvolvedwiththeircomputers_thatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgames.lA.bacamethechildrenB.becomethechildrenlC.hadthechildrenbecomeD.doth

44、echildrenbecomelOnthewholesuchaconclusioncanbedrawnwithacertaindegreeofconfidence,butonlyifthechildcanbeassumedtohavehadthesameattitudetowardsthetestastheotherswithwhomheisbeingcompared,andonlyifhewasnotpunishedbylackofrelevantinformationwhichtheypossessed.(1992年第75题)l总的来说,得出这种结论是有一定把握的,但是必须具备两个条件:能

45、够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与其他孩子相同;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的相关知识而被扣分。14.7.3musthavetodo.if.betodol例句Thefirsttwomustbeequalforallwhoarebeingcompared,ifanycomparisonintermsofindigenceistomade.(1992年第74题)l译文如果一定要从智力方面进行比较的话,那么对所有被比较者来说,前两个因素必须是一样的。lGreatereffortstoincreaseagriculturalproductionmustbemadeiffoodshortage_avoid

46、ed.(1998语法)lAistobeBtobeC.WebeD.hasbeenl如果要避免粮食危机,就必须大力提高农业产量。lButifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves.(2002年阅读第二篇)l但是如果一定要机器人进一步节省劳力的话,它们就必须能够在更少的人工监控下运行,并且至少能够独立做一些决定。lItisgenerallyrecognize

47、d,29,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,followedbytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,31itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediatelyapparent.(2002年第29、31题)l29.A.indeedB.henceC.howeverD.thereforel31.A.unlessB.sinceC.lestD.althoughl译文然而人们普遍认为;20世纪初计算机

48、的出现以及后来60年代集成电路的发明极大地改变了这一过程,尽管这不会立即对媒体产生明显的影响。lGettingenoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionaluseforexcessvitamins.Manypeople,_,believeinbeingonthe“safeside”andthustakeextrasvitamins.(1996第50题)lA.neverthelessB.thereforeC.moreoverD.meanwhilel摄入足够多的维生素,对于我们人类来说是很重要的,尽管过多的维生素对人体

49、来说也没有什么营养价值。不过,很多人还是坚持采取较安全的策略,仍然摄入较多的维生素。置于句首的while一般表示“尽管”lWhile位于句首,一般意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句lWhilethenumbersofsuchdevelopmentsarerelativelysmall,thepotentialmarketislarge.lWhilethenews,sofar,hasbeengood,theremaybedaysaheadwhenitisbad.l=althoughl例句Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyp

50、utpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.(2005年阅读第四篇)l译文在20世纪60年代之前,当人们伏案写作时,即使受教育不多的人也追求一种高雅的风格,而从那以后,即使是令人景仰的文章也在追求口语风格。lWhilehistoryoncerevereditsaffinitytoliteratureandphilosophy,theemergingsocialsciencesseemedtoaffordgreateroppor

51、tunitiesforaskingnewquestionsandprovokingrewardingapproachestoanunderstandingofthepast.(1999年英译汉)l尽管历史学曾经崇尚它与文学和哲学的相似性,但新兴的社会科学似乎为人们开辟了更为广阔的天地,提出了新问题,也提供了解过去的有效途径。lWhiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattempttorec

52、reateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.(1999年第71题)l几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。nomatterwh-lNomatterwhat,who,When,where,which,how可以代替whatever,wherever,whenever,wherever,whichever,however(后边通常要接形容词或副词)来引导让步状语从句lIcandowhateverworkIcanfind.我可以做我能找到的任何工作。l例句Thereareover

53、100nightschoolsinthecity,makingitpossibleforaprofessionaltobereeducatednomatter_hedoes.(1998年语法)lAhowBwhereCwhatDwhenl例句Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfar-fetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyea

54、rstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.(2000年阅读第三篇)l译文当一种新的艺术运动达到某种程度的流行时,我们最好搞清楚这个运动倡导者们的目标是什么,因为不管他们的原则规在看来是如何牵强和不合理,在将来都有可能变得稀松平常。l例句“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“liesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossibl

55、elatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewontretreatinthefaceofanythreats.”(1997年阅读第四篇)l这个句子原本的结构是:theresultsmaysometimesbedisputableorirritating。现在因为有了连词however,disputableorirritating和however被一同提到了句首。l译文他在华尔街日报的一个专栏中写道:“对任何民主社会的检验不在于它能多好地控制言论的自由表达,而在于它是否尽可能更宽松地赋予思想自由和表达自由,但

56、有时结果可能会大有争议或个人不悦。面对威胁,我们不会退缩。”ladj.ladv.l分词l名词(无冠词)+as+主语+谓语动词l短语lYoungasheis,heisknowledgeable.(形容词)lMuchasIrespecthim,Icannotagreewithhim.(副词)lAgainashefailedindoingthisexperiment,hedidntlosehisheart.(副词)lPraisedashewas,heremainedmodest.(分词)lChildasheis,heisknowledgeable.(名词不带冠词)lLazyaboyasheis,heiskindtohelpothers.(注意词序:Lazyaboy)lOldestinourworkshopasheis,heworkshardest.(此时,最高级前不用the)

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