过去分词的用法讲解ppt课件

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1、过去分词的用法过去分词的用法1现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词形式形式形式形式过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词形式形式形式形式一般式一般式一般式一般式doingdoingdonedone完成式完成式完成式完成式havingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonehavingbeendone现在分词现在分词:表示动作是主动的和正在进行表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词过去分词:表示动作是被动的和完成表示动作是被动的和完成分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。21. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状及

2、物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成。态,既表示被动,又表示完成。 (1) The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。茶杯破了。 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成。状态,只表示动作的完成。 (2) He is retired. 他已退休。他已退休。 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构。有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构。 (3)The city is surrounded on three sid

3、es by mountains. 这座这座城市三面环山。城市三面环山。q过去分词作表语过去分词作表语3【注意注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作。状态,而被动语态则表示动作。 (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作)妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语)

4、图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语) 【注意注意】过去分词表示被动或完成过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用人,用 -ing 形式来修饰物。形式来修饰物。 (3) The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。对它很感兴趣。4q过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 作作定定语语用用的的过过去去分分词词相相

5、当当于于形形容容词词,其其逻逻辑辑主主语语就就是是它它所所修修饰饰的的名名词词。及及物物动动词词的的过过去去分分词词作作定定语语,既既表表被被动动又又表表完完成成;不不及及物物动动词词的的过过去去分分词词作作定语,只表完成。定语,只表完成。 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前。过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我我们们必必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 2. 过过去去分分词词短短语语用用作作定定语语时

6、时,一一般般置置于于其其所所修修饰饰的的名名词词之之后后,其其意意义义相相当当于于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中。一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中。 The concert given by their friends was a success.他他们们朋朋友友举举行行的的音音乐会大为成功。乐会大为成功。 53.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号。 (1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero

7、. 他他们们举举行行了了欢欢迎迎英英雄雄的的大大会会,到到会会的的有有五五千多人。千多人。 6q 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语 1. 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 (1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因因为为写写得得匆匆忙忙,这这篇篇文章不是很好。文章不是很好。 【注意注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写。为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写。 (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he

8、 didnt hear the sound.因因为为沉沉溺溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。 72. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致。过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致。 (1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再再给给我我一一个个小小时时,我我也也能能解解这这道道题题。(given 为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语,它它的逻辑主语为主句主语的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即,即 I 被再给一个小时。)被再给一个小时。) (2) See

9、n from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 从从山山顶顶看看城城市市,城城市市显显得得更更漂漂亮亮。(seen 为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语,表表“被被看看”,由由语语境境可可知知,它它的的逻逻辑辑主主语语必必须须是是城城市市,而而不不是是“我我们们”,因为因为“我们我们”应主动看城市。)应主动看城市。)8 3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。 (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因因为为淋淋了了一一场场大大雨雨,所所以以他

10、他全全身身湿湿透透了了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为为过过去去分分词词短短语语作作原原因因状状语语,它它来来源源于于原因状语从句原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2)Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如如果果种种在在肥肥沃沃的的土土壤壤里里,这这些些种种子子能能长长得得很很快快。( grown in rich soil 为为过过去去分分词词作作条条件件状状语语,它它来来源于条件状语从句源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown

11、 in rich soil.9 【注注意意】状状语语从从句句改改成成过过去去分分词词作作状状语语时时有有时时还还可可保保留留连连词词,有有时时为为了了强强调调时时间间概概念念,过过去去分分词词之之前前可可用用表表示示时时间间的的连连词词,构构成成“连连词词过过去去分分词词”结构作状语结构作状语,如如when,while等。例如:等。例如: When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当当你你做体格检查时要保持镇定。做体格检查时要保持镇定。 4. 过过去去分分词词作作状状语语的的位位置置。过过去去分分词词可可放放在在主主句句前前

12、作作句句首首状状语语,后后面面有有逗逗号号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开。与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。10表示时间Seen from the top of the hill,our city looks surrounded in the fogWhen it is seen from the top of th

13、e hill,our city looks surrounded in the fog从山顶上看,我们的城市看起来像被雾气笼罩了。Once published,the dictionary will be very popularOnce it is published,the dictionary will be very popular一旦出版,这本词典将大受欢迎。11拓展:有时为了强调时间概念,过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词,如when,while等。例如:When completed,this railway will link many industrial cities to a

14、seaport这条铁路建成后,将把许多工业城市和一个海港连接起来。When told to go to the teachers office,the girl began to cry当被告知去老师办公室时,这女孩开始哭起来。12表示原因:Tired out by hard work,he soon fell asleepSince he was tired out by hard work,he soon fell asleep由于干重活疲劳至极,他很快就睡着了。13表示条件:Given more time,we would certainly have finished the job

15、much betterIf we had been given more time,we would certainly have finished the job much better 要是我们有更多的时间,我们肯定会把工作完成得更好些。Beaten by the opposite team,the players were not discouragedThough they were beaten by the opposite team,the players were not discouraged虽然被对方打败,但队员们没有泄气。14表示伴随:The professor sat

16、there,surrounded by a lot of students教授坐在那里,许多学生围着他。He came back,utterly exhausted他回来时疲惫不堪。15q 过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类: 1. 表表示示感感觉觉或或心心理理状状态态的的动动词词。如如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。等。 (1) I heard the song sung in English.

17、我我听听到到有有人人用用英英语语唱唱过过这这首歌。(过去分词首歌。(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;);) (2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他他发发现现他他的的家家乡乡变化很大。(过去分词变化很大。(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作的动作显然先于谓语动作found)162. 表示表示“致使致使”意义的动词。如:意义的动词。如:have, make, get, keep, leave等。等。(1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。明天我要理发。(2)

18、 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完。要把那些事情做完。 【注意注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。 17(二)使役动词(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 (1) He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。(被别人偷去了)他的钱给

19、偷了。(被别人偷去了) 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如:过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如: (2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。他的腿断了。 (自己的经历)(自己的经历)18q“with宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构结构“with宾宾语语过过去去分分词词”结结构构中中,过过去去分分词词用用作作介介词词with的的宾宾语语补补足足语语。这这一一结结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如:构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如:(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehin

20、dhisback.凶凶手手被被带带进进来来了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)了,他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水水一一被被加加热热,我我们们就就会会看看到到水水蒸蒸气气。(表条件)(表条件)(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事事情情得得到到解解决决,我我们们都都回回家家了了。(表表原原因)因)(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她她站站在在他他面面前前,眼眼睛睛注注视视着他。着他。(5)Hestoodforaninst

21、antwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。他仍然举着手站了一会儿。191_time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven2_in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.ABeingfoundedBItwasfoundedCFoundedDFounding3Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinv

22、itingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvitedDCA204_,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.AHehadbeentoldmanytimesBHavingbeentoldmanytimesCToldmanytimesDAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes5Whenfirst_tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroducedAB216Thereseemedtobenothing_todob

23、ut_forthedoctor.Aleave/sendBleft/tosendCleft/sendDleaving/send7_everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere_themselves.AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohideCHunted/hidingDHunted/tohideCD作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语,前面又有实意动词 do时,不定式通常省去to 22 8 . The _ morning, the father came into the lonely house, _ by his naughty boy.A.

24、 following, following B. followed, followedC. following, followed D. followed, following9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well _ care of in the nursery.A. looked; taken B. looking; takenC. looked; took D. looking; takingCB2310. The murderer was br

25、ought in, with his hands _ behind his back.A. being tied B. having tiedC. to be tied D. tied11. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. Given B. To giveC. Giving D. Having givenDA241.TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C.,didntincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.to

26、beplaying考点点拨考点点拨25简析简析:首先首先,根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰待选部分是一个作定语、修饰TheOlympicGames的后置分词短语的后置分词短语;再根据再根据TheOlympicGames对于动词对于动词play来说只能来说只能是被动承受是被动承受,且已完成且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此。因此,该题应选该题应选C。262.Whatsthelanguage_inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak简析简析:该题应选该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动。测试过去分词作后置定语

27、表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句whichisspoken。273.Mostoftheartists_tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited简析简析:该题应选该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句whowereinvited。284.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havi

28、ngopenedD.opened简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限可以用非限制性定语从句制性定语从句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。代替。295.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written简析简析:该题应选该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动。测试过去分词作后置定语

29、表达被动,等于定语从句等于定语从句whichwerewritten。30例例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析简析:很显然很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而而hishands对于动词对于动词tie来说来说,只能是被动承受。因此只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选该题应选D。31_many times, he still cant understant it. A

30、.Having been told B Having told C.Told D.Telling321.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known高考链接B解析:答案解析:答案B B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语,。此处考查过去分词作后置定语,3M3M与与knowknow之间是被动关系,之间是被动关系,故用过去分词表示被动。故用过去分词表示被动。332. The disc, digitally

31、_ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded高考链接A解析:答案解析:答案A A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语,。此处考查过去分词作后置定语,discdisc与与recordrecord之间是被动关之间是被动关系,故用过去分词表示。系,故用过去分词表示。343. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific

32、 knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known高考链接D解析:答案解析:答案D D。knowknow与与wordswords,expressionsexpressions,phrasesphrases构成动宾关系,故用过构成动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动。去分词表示被动。354. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling

33、 C. smelt D. to be smelt高考链接B解析:答案解析:答案B B。此处为现在分词作定语,修饰。此处为现在分词作定语,修饰flowersflowers。smellsmell为系动词,不为系动词,不能用于被动语态,相当于能用于被动语态,相当于which/that smells sweetwhich/that smells sweet。36Practice1.Did you attend the meeting _yesterday?A.to be held B. having been held C. held D. being held2.Do you know the na

34、me of the play_ in the hall now?A.to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on 3.I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much.A.written B. writing C. was written D. to write4.Please dont forget him. He is one of _.A.those invited B. invited those C. those

35、 inviting D. inviting thoseCBAA373.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB384.When_intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken395.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_nothingc

36、anbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun406.Mr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03北京春)A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring419._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01全国夏全国夏)A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered4210.Befo

37、re_,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedtoD.using11.Pricesofdailygoods_throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02京皖春京皖春)A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying4312.TheEmperorsNewClothes,isan_text.Allofusare_init.A.exciting;excitingB.excited;excitedC.excited;excitingD.exciting;e

38、xcited4413.Sheaskedifthereisanything_fortonight.A.toplanB.plannedC.thatplansD.planning4515._thesepictures,IcouldnthelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand_fromthetopofathirty-storedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen4616._betterattention,theve

39、getablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand_themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving4717.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.When_,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted4820.Ifoundacar_inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick4950

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