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1、Howtograspthemainideaofapassage?1).Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2).Whichofthefollowingcansummarizethemainideaofthispassage?3).Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4).Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?5).Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis_.6).Whatsthebesttitleforthispassage?I.mainidea
2、型型,即即:主题型主题型.II.topic或或title型型,即即:标题型标题型.主旨大意题的常见的提问形式主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:标题的选择标题的选择标题归纳属于标题归纳属于深层深层理解题。标题是理解题。标题是文章中心思想的文章中心思想的精炼精炼表达形式。在表达形式。在阅读中，同学们不仅要能概括出文阅读中，同学们不仅要能概括出文章的中心思想，还要对概括出的中章的中心思想，还要对概括出的中心思想加以心思想加以提炼提炼，拟定出文章的标，拟定出文章的标题题。拟定标题的三原则：拟定标题的三原则：1.概括性原则概括性原则概括性原则要求标题在概括性原则要求标题在最大程度上最大程度上覆盖全文，覆盖全文
3、，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨大意。囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主旨大意。要防止以点代面，以偏概全。要防止以点代面，以偏概全。2.针对性原则针对性原则针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。它要求针对性原则是对标题外延的一种界定。它要求标题外延既不能太大也不能太小，要量体裁衣，标题外延既不能太大也不能太小，要量体裁衣，大小适度，要大小适度，要直接直接指出文章的主旨。指出文章的主旨。3.醒目性原则醒目性原则标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。醒目醒目的标题可以吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者的标题可以吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章的阅读兴趣。对文章的
4、阅读兴趣。破解方法：破解方法：通过寻找主题句往往很容易确定文通过寻找主题句往往很容易确定文章的标题。但大多数文章并没有明章的标题。但大多数文章并没有明显的主题句，只是显的主题句，只是暗示性暗示性地体现主地体现主题，这就要求同学们在阅读过程中题，这就要求同学们在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来索来归纳归纳标题。标题。主旨大意（一）主旨大意（一）主旨大意题属深层理解题。这类题要主旨大意题属深层理解题。这类题要求考生在理解原文的基础上，根据文求考生在理解原文的基础上，根据文中所阐述的中所阐述的事实细节事实细节和和上下文的暗示上下文的暗示与与线索线索进行综合分
5、析，然后做出判断，进行综合分析，然后做出判断，从而得出从而得出合理合理的结论。的结论。破解方法破解方法:“寻找主题句寻找主题句”是破解主旨大意行之是破解主旨大意行之有效的方法，找准文章的主题句是解有效的方法，找准文章的主题句是解题的关键。关于文章主题句的位置的题的关键。关于文章主题句的位置的呈现有以下五种情况：呈现有以下五种情况：1.主题句出现在文章开头。主题句出现在文章开头。2. 主题句出现在文章结尾。主题句出现在文章结尾。3.主题句首尾呼应。主题句首尾呼应。4.主题句出现在文章中间。主题句出现在文章中间。5.主题句不明确（隐含在文中）。主题句不明确（隐含在文中）。1.正三角形写作法：正三角
6、形写作法：即主题句出现在文章开头。即主题句出现在文章开头。文章开门见山地提出主题，随之用细节来解释、文章开门见山地提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句。新闻报道、人物介绍或很多支撑或发展主题句。新闻报道、人物介绍或很多的议论文及说明文常采用这种方法。新闻报道的的议论文及说明文常采用这种方法。新闻报道的首句首句常常是新闻导语，导语实质就是主题句，是常常是新闻导语，导语实质就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。议论文的开头往往是对全文内容的高度概括。议论文的开头往往是论论点点，论点是全文的核心。说明文的开头是，论点是全文的核心。说明文的开头是引子引子，也是文章的主题。也是文章的主题。2.倒三
7、角写作法：倒三角写作法：即主题句出现在文章的结尾。即主题句出现在文章的结尾。作者往往作者往往先先摆事实，表述细节，摆事实，表述细节，然后然后做结论、归做结论、归纳要点、提出建议，以概括文章主题。纳要点、提出建议，以概括文章主题。主旨大意（二）主旨大意（二）3.圆形写作方法：圆形写作方法：为突出主题，有为突出主题，有的文章先在开头提出主题，在结尾的文章先在开头提出主题，在结尾处再次点出主题，以达到处再次点出主题，以达到首尾呼应首尾呼应。通常，文章前后对主题的表述不是通常，文章前后对主题的表述不是简单的重复，后者是对前者的引申简单的重复，后者是对前者的引申或发展。或发展。主旨大意（三）主旨大意（三
8、）4.菱形写作方法：菱形写作方法：有些文章的主题有些文章的主题句出现在文章的中间（不一定是正句出现在文章的中间（不一定是正中间）。这类文章一般是从支撑细中间）。这类文章一般是从支撑细节开始，发展到结论节开始，发展到结论(出现主题句）出现主题句）。当主题句出现后，又进一步用细。当主题句出现后，又进一步用细节支持、说明和发展。其安排表现节支持、说明和发展。其安排表现为：为：次要次要主要主要次要次要。5.正方形写作方法：正方形写作方法：有些文章有些文章没有明显的主题句，其主题没有明显的主题句，其主题隐含在全文各个段落中。在隐含在全文各个段落中。在这种情况下，同学们要这种情况下，同学们要综合综合各段的
9、中心思想，进行逻辑各段的中心思想，进行逻辑推理，从而归纳出文章的主推理，从而归纳出文章的主旨大意。旨大意。 Kleptomaniaisanillnessofthemindthatgivesapersonthedesiretosteal.Suchapersonisnotreallyathief.Theyaresickandcannothelpthemselves.Allsmallchildrenactnaturallyand as they grow up they normally learn to control theiractions.Peoplewithkleptomaniaforce
10、rtainmedicalreasonshavefailedtodevelopcontrolovertheirdesiretotakethingsthat do not belong to them. With medical help they maybecomenormalcitizensagain.Theythingsthatakleptomaniacstealsareseldomofgreatvalue.They often give away what they have stolen or collectobjectswithoutusingthem.Q:Whatisthetopic
11、ofthetext?A.YoungThieves.B.AnUnusualIllness.C. Reasons for Stealing D.A Normal ChildsActions. Paragraph2:InAmericawehaveHalloween.InMexicotheyhaveTodosSantos,whichmeans“AllSaints”.Thisisthedayinwhichpeoplerememberfamilyandfriendswhohavedied.Theyvisitthecemeteryinsteadofgoingouttotrick-or-treat.Butth
12、eydohavepicturesofskeletonsandghostshangingaround.Theyalsohavemanycandyskullstoeat.Q:Whatdoesthestorymainlytell?A.WhatholidaysarelikeB.WhatHalloweenislikeinMexicoC.WhathappensduringTodosSantosD.WhatwedoonHalloweenPassage1:Youdreameachnight,eventhoughyoumaynotrememberyourdreams.Whileyoudreamyoureyesm
13、oveandyourheartbeatsfaster.Evenyourbrain-wavepatternchanges.Somescientiststhinkthatdreamingisimportantforthesakeofhealth.Theyclaimthatwithoutdream,peoplewouldgocrazy.Q:Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A. HowpeoplestayhealthyB.HowsleepisnecessaryC.WhydreamsareimportantD.WhenpeopleremembertheirdreamsAsp
14、ricesandbuildingcostskeeprising,the“do-it-yourself”(DIY)trendintheU.S.continuestogrow.JohnandJimarenotunusualpeople.Mostfamiliesinthecountryaredoingeverythingtheycantosavemoneysotheycanfightthehighcostofliving.Ifyouwanttobecomea“do-it-yourself,youcangotoDIYclasses.Andforthosewhodonthavetimetotakeaco
15、urse,therearebooksthattellyouhowyoucandothingsyourself.Q:Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext? A.TheJoyofDIYB.YoucanDoitToo!C.WelcometoOurDIYCourse!D.RossandHatfield:BelieversinDIYPassage2 Boston-ThievesdressedaspoliceenteredamuseumearlySundayandstole11paintings,includingmajorworksbyRembrandt,Dagas,Man
16、etandVermerr,FBI(美国联邦调查局美国联邦调查局)andthemuseumofficialssaid.Thefirstjudgmentplacedvalueofatleast$100millionontheworksstolenfromtheIsabellaGardenerMuseum,saidBostonpolicespokes-manJimTordan.WilliamBobinson,ofHardvardUnivercitysFoggelMuseum,calledtheobjectsstolen“majorworks.”Q:Whatisthebestheadlineforth
17、isnewspaperarticle?A.ATheftTookPlaceinBostonB.ArtworksstolenbyThievesC.MajorWorksD.InvestigationintotheTheft Paragraph1:Readingisthekeytoschoolsuccessand,likeanyskillitTakespractice.Achildlearnstowalkbypracticinguntilhenolongerhastothinkabouthowtoputonefootinfrontoftheother.Agreatathletepracticesunt
18、ilhecanplayquickly,accurately(精确精确),withoutthinking.Tennisplayerscallthat“being”inthezone.”Educatorscallit“automaticity(自如自如).Q:Thefirstparagraphtellsus_.A.whatautomaticityisB.howaccuracyisacquired(获得获得)C.howachildlearnstowalkD.howanathleteistrained. InShanxiProvinceyoumaybeofferedbrainstoeat.Fright
19、ened?Youshouldntbe,becausethesebrainsareonlyakindoffood,whichisfamousforitsunusualnameandrichnutrition.(营养营养).Brainsasakindoffoodwereinventedmorethan300yearsagobyFuShan,anartistwhosemotherhadbeenillforalongtime.Tohelpherbecomewellagain,hestudiedmedicineandinventedakindof soup made of meat, vegetable
20、s and a number of Chinesemedicines.Richwinewasalsousedinthesouptohelpillnesscausedby old age. Fus soup became the talk of the town. Many peoplecametoseehim.Onedayarestaurantowneraskedhimwhatwasinthesoup.“Illtellyou,”Fusaid,“butifyourrestaurantisgoingtoselltosoup,youmustcallitbrainsbecauseofitsshapea
21、ndcolor.Andyourrestaurantshouldberenamedaftermymother.”Q:Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis_.A.AGoodSonB.ASpecialSoupC.HowtoMakeBrainsD.HowtoLiveLongLifeInthe1930s,alotofpeopleintheUSAwereoutofwork.AmongthesepeoplewasamannamedAlfredButts.Healwayshadaninterestinwordgamesandto fill his time he p
22、lanned a game which he called“Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfiedwiththegame,sohemadeanumberofchangestoitandchangeditsnamefrom“Lexico”to“Alph”andthen to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make somemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidnthaveanyrealcommercial(商业性的商业性的)success.Q:Thetextismainlyabout_.A.Le
23、xicoB.ThreemenC.AwordgameD.AlfredButts. OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just oneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskater.Herolledonandon.Suddenlyheranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopiece
24、s.NobodyforgotMerlinsgrandentranceforalongtime! Q: Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeintheparagraph?A.Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.B.ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool!C.Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D.Merlingothimselfintotrouble.遵循遵循 “四字四字”原则原则: :准准-全全-新新-用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想.要注意文章的内涵和外延要注意文章的内涵和外延,把作者的观点把作者的观点准确地表达出来准确地表达出来.要排除那些片面的选项要排除那些片面的选项,选取包含文章的主要选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项内容及作者观点的选项,范围不宜过大或过小范围不宜过大或过小.所选择的标题要新颖所选择的标题要新颖,对读者有吸引力对读者有吸引力,能激发能激发读者的阅读兴趣读者的阅读兴趣.精精-
