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1、被动语态被动语态一、什么是语态？一、什么是语态？语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类：二、语态的种类：（1）主动语态）主动语态（2）被动语态）被动语态三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？四、被动语态的构成：四、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）八种时态下的被动语态）be+及物及物动词的过去分词动词的过去分词can/may/must+be+过去分词过去分词1)am/is/are+done(过去分词过去分词)一般现在时一般现在时2)has/havebe
2、endone现在完成时现在完成时3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时现在进行时4)was/weredone一般过去时一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时过去完成时Visitorsareaskednottotouchtheexhibits.(展品）展品）AllthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompletedAnewcinemaisbeingbuilthereIwasgiventenminutestodecide.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6)was
3、/werebeingdone过去进行时过去进行时7)shall/willbedone一般将来时一般将来时8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时过去将来时被动语态的特殊结构形式被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。过去分词。AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldiersmotherassoonasitarrived.Thebabycanb
4、etakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2）一些表示）一些表示“据说据说”或或“相信相信”的动词如的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于等可以用于句型句型“Itbe过去分词过去分词that从句从句”或或“主语主语be过去过去分词分词todosth.”。有：有：Itissaidthat据说据说,Itisreportedthat据报道，据报道，Itisbelievedthat大家相信大家相信，Itishopedthat大家希望，大家希望，Itiswellknownthat众所周知，众所周知，Iti
5、sthoughtthat大家认为，大家认为，Itissuggestedthat据建议。据建议。ItissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexamTheboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：的时态。如：Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以有双
6、宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）HismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthdayHewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3)当当“动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette(香烟）香烟）=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役动词）在使役动词hav
7、e,make,get以及以及感官动词感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加等变为被动结构时，要加toSomeonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5)有些相当于及物动词的有些相当于及物动词的动词词组动词词组，如如“动词介词动词介词”，“动词副词动词副词”等，等，也可以用于被动结构，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。Them
8、eetingistobeputofftillFriday一、系动词一、系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。那食物尝起来很可口。Theseflowerssmellsweet.Thatsoundsveryreasonable.Thefoodtastesdelicious.二、某些与二、某些与cantwont等连用的不及物动等连用的不及物动词，如词，如move,lock,shut,open等可用主动等可用主动形式表达
9、被动意义。如：形式表达被动意义。如：1盒子不能移动。盒子不能移动。2门不会关。门不会关。Theboxcantmove.Thedoorwontshut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如的不及物动词，如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久耐久),wear(耐穿耐穿),等可用主动形式表等可用主动形式表达被动意义达被动意义.如如:Thiskindoffoodsellswell.这种食物畅销。这种食物畅销。Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.这布料经洗、耐穿。这布料经洗、耐穿。Thefloordoe
10、sntcleaneasily.这地板不容易弄干净。这地板不容易弄干净。五、形容词五、形容词worth后面要用动名词的主后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：动形式表示被动意义。如：1小说值得一读。小说值得一读。2事情值得做。事情值得做。Thenovelisworthreading.Thethingisworthdoing.四、在动词四、在动词require,need,want等动词之等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。电视机需要修理。Thetreesneedwateri
11、ng.Childrenwantlookingafter.TheTVneedsmending.六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：1.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：动宾关系时，如：我有许多事情要做。我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。他有几项任务要完成。Ihavealotofthingstodo.Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.2.在在“系动词系动词+形容词形容词+不定式不定式”结构中，结构中，常见句型有：常见句型有：1)n.+be+too+adj.+todoTheplan
12、eistoohightosee.2)n.+be+adj.+enough+todoThebookischeapenoughformetobuy.3)n.+be+adj.+todoThequestionisnoteasytoanswer.课堂练习课堂练习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner
13、.4.Heisdrawingapicture._byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.TreesareplantedTheletterwaspostedIwasgivenApictureisbeingdrawnYourhomeworkmaybehandedinAletterisgoingtobewritten7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook._toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._herbag.9.Doyo
14、uoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesntlethersonswimintheriver._intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear._thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_byher?ThenewbookhasbeengivenShecannotfindIssheoftenheardtosingHersonisntlettoswimTheywerebu
15、ildingIsthesongoftensung1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmight
16、beputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItoldACA4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbr
17、idge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDCBC8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC
18、.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feels
19、D.isfeltBDAC12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebeca
20、usethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.gooutBCAD16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchin
21、gB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded_again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20._manytimes,theboystilldidntknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.TeachingDCCDBKeystoP37Part5:1.aremade2.were,organisedPart6:1.hasbeenarranged(arrange安排）安排）2.isbeingcollected3.
22、wasbeingpaintedPart7:1.iscelebrated2.issplashed(泼，溅）泼，溅）3.arecarried4.aretold5.isrelated6.arewashed7.areraced8.arelaunchedPart8:1.Myhealthisbeingaffected(影响）影响）bystress.2.Peoplearebeingmovedoutofthehouses.3.Themini-helicopterhasalreadybeeninventedbyhim.4.Theforestfirehasbeenputout(扑灭）扑灭）bythem.5.ThecarwasbeingrepairedwhenIgotthere.6.Thehousewasbeingdecoratedwhentheaccidenthappened.LetsgotoP93together.
