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1、定语从句定语从句 概念概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子的句子. (Attributive clause)Mary is a beautiful girl.Mary is a girl who has long hair.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰girl, 叫做叫做定语从句定语从句1.The man is a farmer.2.The man is speaking at the meeting.合并句子合并句子: : The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.Mary is
2、a girl.Mary has long hair.合并为一个句子合并为一个句子Mary is a girl who has long hair.先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.关系关系代词代词which, who, whom, whose, that先行词先行词：是：是被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词 （通常是名词或代词）（通常是名词或代词） 关系词的作用关系词的作用：1.1.引导引导定语从句定语从句2.2.在从句中替代先行词，在定语从句在从句中替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，通常是主语或宾中充当一定的
3、成分，通常是主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。语，作宾语时常可以省略。定语从句：定语从句：先行词先行词+ +关系词关系词(that/which/who)+(that/which/who)+从句从句修饰修饰 定语从句的用法定语从句的用法: :当先行词是物时当先行词是物时, , 用用which 或或that引导引导. .These are the trees which were planted last year.当先行词是人时当先行词是人时, , 用用who, whom, whose, that引导引导.先行词先行词关系词关系词指人指人that ( (作作主语、宾语主语、宾语或或表语表语) )w
4、ho ( (作作主语、宾语主语、宾语或或表语表语) ) whom ( (作作宾语宾语) )指物指物that ( (作作主语、宾语主语、宾语或或表语表语) ) which ( (作作主语主语或或宾语宾语) ) 有时可代替有时可代替whom作宾语作宾语who, whom, whose, that用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语或宾语主语或宾语. The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语W
5、hom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语 The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语. I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语和宾语主语和宾语.注意注意: : 关系代词
6、作动词宾语时可关系代词作动词宾语时可 省略省略. . The woman (whom/ that) they wanted to visit is a teacher.下列情况只能用下列情况只能用that1.1.当序数词或形容词最高级当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先修饰先行词时。行词时。 eg. Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.2. 当先行词是指物的当先行词是指物的 little,few,much,any,all,anything,something,nothing,none,the one, everything, 等不定代词时。等
7、不定代词时。 I am sure she has something that you can borrow.1.1.先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等等不定代词时不定代词时。E.g:This is the very book that belongs to him.4. 先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same,the last修饰时修饰时。5. 先行词为先行词为人和物的组合人和物的组合。E.g:They talked for an hour of thin
8、gs and persons that they remembered in the school.E.g: Which of the books that you borrowed from the library is the most interesting?6. 若若主句中有疑问代词主句中有疑问代词who或者或者which, , 为了避免重复为了避免重复, , 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用who, , which，而用，而用that。I love the school _ I have studied in for three years. （2013湖南衡阳）湖南衡阳） A. w
9、here B. when C. that 【解析解析】本题考查引导定语从句的关系本题考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词是词。先行词是the school，关系词在从句，关系词在从句中作介词中作介词in的宾语，只能选关系词的宾语，只能选关系词that，即即C。 What are you looking for? Im looking for the ring _ myhusband bought me last year. (2012山东滨州山东滨州)A. that B. who C. whom D. it【解析解析】本题考查引导定语从句的关系本题考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词词。先行词the
10、ring指物，观察选项只有指物，观察选项只有A是引导物的关系词，故选是引导物的关系词，故选A。 What shall we do next? Take the advice _ is given by Dr. Bloch. (2012福建泉州福建泉州)A. who B. which C. whose【解析解析】由先行词由先行词the advice可知，应可知，应用引导物的关系词，选项用引导物的关系词，选项B符合。符合。 Please pass me the cartoon book _has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. (2012天津天津) A. whom B.
11、whose C. who D. which【解析解析】考查考查which引导的定语从句。分引导的定语从句。分析句子结构可知本句为定语从句，先析句子结构可知本句为定语从句，先行词为行词为cartoon book，指物，所以应该，指物，所以应该用关系词用关系词which。 Its interesting that there are many people _ speak French in Canada. (2012四川成都四川成都) A. which B. where C. who 【解析解析】由先行词由先行词people可知，此题考查可知，此题考查who引导的定语从句。句意为：引导的定语从句
12、。句意为：“在加拿在加拿大有许多人说法语，真是有趣。大有许多人说法语，真是有趣。” Now many people smoke and get ill. So we should do something _ can help stop smoking. (2012广西玉林广西玉林) A. what B. who C. / D. that【解析解析】考查引导定语从句的关系词。考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词是先行词是something，根据规则，见到，根据规则，见到这类不定代词应用这类不定代词应用that，故选，故选D。Ive found some pictures of the most i
13、nteresting places _ you can visit during the winter holidays. (2009山东烟台山东烟台) A. where B. which C. what D. that 【解析解析】考查引导定语从句的关系词。考查引导定语从句的关系词。先行词先行词places在从句中作在从句中作visit的宾语，的宾语，且前有最高级修饰，故用关系代词且前有最高级修饰，故用关系代词that。I.单项选择。单项选择。1. - Do you know the girl _ is standing there? - She is my little sister. A
14、. who B. whom C. whose D. which 2. - Could you tell me something about Zheng He? - Sure. He was a Ming Dynasty explorer _ the Chinese people are proud of. A. which B. whose C. whom D. where 3. This is the city _ I visited 10 years ago. A. where B. / C. who D. why4. Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west
15、of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what 5. - What kind of music do you like？ - I like music _ I can sing along with. A. who B. that C. what D. why6. Im a sports fan. Im interested in everything _ is about sports. A. that B. there C. which D. where
16、 7. We are talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 8. I hate people _ are only nice to you when they want something! A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 9. Dont forget to bring the book _ you bought last week. A. who B. when
17、C. which D. what10. Is the girl _ you talked with just now new here? A. how B. who C. whose D. which1. I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.2. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.
18、11. The stories _ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. (2015广州广州)A. that B. those C. who D. what12. We dont like people _ talk too much but never do anything. (2015克拉玛依克拉玛依)A. whose B. who C. when D. which4. My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5. The boy with _ John spok
19、e is my brother.which/thatwhom6. Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7. Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9. The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词修饰人时关系代词that that 和和和和who, whomwho, who
20、m的区分的区分的区分的区分。当主句中的主语是当主句中的主语是whowho时，只能用时，只能用thatthat。eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?eg. Who is the girl that is standing over there?在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who who 或者或者whomwhom。eg. I have a son, who is really lovely and eg. I have a son, who is really lovely and in
21、teresting.interesting.There are 40 students in the class, most of whom There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.are boys.关系代词关系代词whosewhose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词句中充当定语，修饰先行词。eg. She is the girl whose English sounds very eg. She is the girl whose English sounds
22、very beautiful.beautiful.Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out Mary has a very good dog, whose hair turns out white and black. white and black. 关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词when, where, whywhen, where, why的用法以及与关系代的用法以及与关系代的用法以及与关系代的用法以及与关系代词的区分。词的区分。词的区分。词的区分。关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个
23、句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词句子加上特定的关系副词。eg. I woneg. I won t forget the time when I got married.t forget the time when I got married.Have you still remember the days when we stayed Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?together?This is the place where w
24、e had a good time.This is the place where we had a good time.Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?I donI don t know the reason why he wont know the reason why he won t join us.t join us.Do you know the reason why he didnDo you know the reason why he didn t co
25、me to t come to sweep the classroom?sweep the classroom?关系副词关系副词when, wherewhen, where和关系代词和关系代词that, whichthat, which的区分。的区分。同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用wherewhere，有时使用，有时使用that/whichthat/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用whenwhen， 有时使用有时使用that/whichthat/which。这主要看两点：一是定语。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中
26、的谓语动词是否是从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：This is the park that we visited last year.This is the park that we visited last year.This is the park where we held a birthday party.This is the park where we held a birthday party.She wonShe won t forget the days that she spent on the t fo
27、rget the days that she spent on the island.island.She wonShe won t forget the days when they stayed t forget the days when they stayed together.together.ThatThat s the date when we went to the college.s the date when we went to the college.ThatThat s the date that she wons the date that she won t fo
28、rget for ever.t forget for ever.I like the time when we lived together.I like the time when we lived together.I like the time that we had together.I like the time that we had together.关系副词关系副词when, where, why when, where, why 和介词和介词+which+which之间的关之间的关系。关系副词系。关系副词when, where, whywhen, where, why可以用适
29、当的介词可以用适当的介词+which+which来替代。如：来替代。如：when=in/on/atwhen=in/on/at+which, +which, where=in/on/atwhere=in/on/at+which, why=for+which+which, why=for+which介词的位介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。词之后。eg. 1. I woneg. 1. I won t forget the date when( on which) I t forget the date when( on whic
30、h) I was born.was born.2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This 2. This is the room where (in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.is the room which I lived in.3. I don3. I don t know the reason why (for which) he t know the reason why (for which) he havenhaven t come toda
31、y.t come today.4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) 4. Tom still remembers the days when (in which) they lived in Tianjin. they lived in Tianjin. Exercises : Exercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs
32、.and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time?you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 2. Is this the room _ we lived before? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden
33、 _ they visited last time. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time. 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his 5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home.home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day.day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job.her first job. 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in 8. She still remembers the year _ she spent in Jining.Jining.thatwherewherethatwhenthatwhenthat
