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1、lecture-8-lecture-8-汉英篇章翻译汉英篇章翻译概述概述-lj-lj解析解析IntroductionTeaching aim ： To help students get familiar with textual translationTeaching focus ：The definition of textual translation and translation approaches.Teaching difficulty ：The definition of textual translation Teaching method：Lecture and discu
2、ss with examples.Teaching procedure：Section One: The definition of textual translation Section Two： Analysis of textual translation with example。TextualTranslationI.QuestionstoDiscuss1.Whatisatext?2.Whatisthetranslationinatextualperspective?3.Whatistextualideology?1.1 What is a text?(1)Lookatthefoll
3、owingexample:Isitatext?Whyorwhynot?E.g.Tomswifeisfemale.Theexampleisgrammaticallycorrect,butitmeansnothing.Thesentenceisnotinformative,itisnotatext.ConceptofATextGrammaticallyspeaking,atextconsistsofsentences;asentenceconsistsofclauses;aclause,phrases;aphrase,words.ButHallidayandHasanthought:(1)“the
4、wordtextisusedinlinguisticstorefertoanypassage,spokenorwritten,ofwhateverlength,thatdoesformaunifiedwhole.Itmaybeanythingfromasingleproverbtoawholeplay,fromacryforhelptoanall-daydiscussion.(2)Atextisaunitoflanguageinuse.Itisnotagrammaticalunit.Itisnotdefinedbyitssize.Atextisbestregardedasasemanticun
5、it,aunitnotofformbutofmeaning.Thusitisrelatedtoaclauseorsentencenotbysizebutbyrealization.”Sowecansayatextisacommunicativeunit.Itdoesnotonlyconsistofsentences,itisalsorealizedbysentenceswhichmustbemeaningful.Whatisatext?(2)Atextinlinguistics(factorsandrelationship)TextrealizedinParagraphSentenceClau
6、sePhraseWordcontrolledbyTranslationinatextualperspective(strategicdecisionmakingranks)TextlogicamongclausesParagraphandsentence(operationalranks)SentencedecodeandencodetheinformationClauseandreconstructsentencesPhrasecollocationwordWhatisatext?(3)Definition 1 篇章也称语篇、语段、话语，即成篇章也称语篇、语段、话语，即成篇的话语。篇的话语。
7、篇章是一次交际过程中使用的完整而连篇章是一次交际过程中使用的完整而连贯的语言单位，能够表达一个相对完整的思想内容贯的语言单位，能够表达一个相对完整的思想内容的语流。的语流。它由一系列它由一系列结构结构上衔接、上衔接、语义上语义上连贯的句连贯的句子组成。子组成。 篇章有大有小，有繁有简。一般情况下，篇章篇章有大有小，有繁有简。一般情况下，篇章大于一个句子，可以是句群、大于一个句子，可以是句群、 段落、段群（两上或段落、段群（两上或几个意义上有密切联系的段落）几个意义上有密切联系的段落）;也可以是整篇文章，也可以是整篇文章，涉及的因素包括作者、发话人、受话人和读者。篇涉及的因素包括作者、发话人、受
8、话人和读者。篇章既包括对话，也包括独白；既包括书面语，也包章既包括对话，也包括独白；既包括书面语，也包括口语。括口语。Definition 2 简而言之，篇章（简而言之，篇章（text）是表达整）是表达整体概念的体概念的语义语义单位。单位。篇章是语言在交际中，特别是篇章是语言在交际中，特别是在书面交际中的对象和理想单位。它不只是一连串在书面交际中的对象和理想单位。它不只是一连串句子和段落的集合，而是一个句子和段落的集合，而是一个结构完整结构完整、功能明确功能明确的的语义统一体语义统一体。（陈宏薇）。（陈宏薇）Definition 3 语篇（语篇（discourse）指不完全受句）指不完全受句子
9、语法约束的在一定语境下表示完整意义的自然语子语法约束的在一定语境下表示完整意义的自然语言。它具有言。它具有形式和逻辑形式和逻辑的的一致性一致性。语篇并非是互不。语篇并非是互不关联的句子的简单堆积，而是一些关联的句子的简单堆积，而是一些意义相联系意义相联系的句的句子为达到一定子为达到一定交际目的交际目的，通过各种，通过各种衔接手段衔接手段而实现而实现的有机结合。因此的有机结合。因此语篇衔接手段语篇衔接手段自然成为篇章研究自然成为篇章研究的重要对象之一。的重要对象之一。Whatistextualtranslation?篇章翻译是指高于句子层次或句以上的语言单位的翻译。（王治奎）由于汉英在语言结构，
10、语篇衔接模式，逻辑层次等方面存在广泛的差异，汉英互译时往往需要进行“逻辑重组”(logicreshuffling)II语篇翻译案例分析全国英语专业八级考试（全国英语专业八级考试（TEM8， 2004）汉译英试）汉译英试题：题：在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。的优点。这一点这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃
11、愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。缺点就都找出来了。于是于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为这是因为，第一，开始吃的，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这这也可以叫做也可以叫做“陌陌生化效应生化效应”吧。吧。2.1 Translation procedure:Step
12、：word selection浪漫Romantic,人际关系interpersonalrelationship人Humanbeings,有趣的interesting,amusing,优点Merits,strong/goodpoints,virtue头盘或冷碟Firstdishorcolddish,印象很好befavorablyimpressed,赞不绝口beprofuseinpraiseofthefirsttwodishes；冷静Sober,calm；缺点flaw，disadvantage/效应effect；转喜为怒joygivewaytoanger,转赞美为责备挑剔praiseschange
13、tocriticism/fault-finding,转首肯为摇头noddinginagreementtoshakingtheheadStep 2. division of sentence(omit:basedontheactualorganizationofsentencesanduseofconnectives)Step 3: cohesive devices (语篇衔接手段语篇衔接手段)Halliday&Hasan:reference(照应);substitution(替代);ellipsis(省略);conjunction(连接)；lexicalcohesion（词汇衔接）1. rep
14、etition (in Chinese)& substitution (in English)开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。Version1:asyoustarteatingyouareinhunger,andwhenyouareinhungerchafftastessweetashoney,andviceversa.Version2:asyoustarteatingyouareinhunger,whenchafftastessweetashoney,.Moreexamples:他在这时来了，而这时我根本想不到他会来。HecameatatimewhenIlea
15、stexpectedhim.那是一个寒冷潮湿的晚上，这样的晚上大部分人待在家里。Itwasoneofthosecold,weteveningwhenmostpeoplestayindoors.2. ellipsis 1). Ellipsis of verbs于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。Version1:consequently,delightchangestoanger;praisechangestoblame;andnoddingheadchangestoshakinghead.Version2:consequently,satisfactionisswitchedinto
16、anger,complimentintoblameandfastidiousness,andnoddingintoshakingoneshead.Version3:therefore,happinessturnsintoanger,praisesintocriticism,andhead-noddingintohead-shaking.2). Ellipsis of nouns （subject prominent to English）(你)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。（你）吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。（你）愈吃愈趋于冷静，（你）吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。于是（你）转喜为怒，
17、转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。Version1:statingtoeatthefirstdish,impressionisgood.Itsalsoverydeliciouswheneatingthefirsttwomaindishes.Havingfinisheditallthedisadvantagesarefoundout.Thenturnfromhappytoangry,praisetoblame,yestono.Version2:Whenwebeginwiththefirstcourseortheappetizer,weareverypositivelyimpressed.Whenw
18、econtinuewiththefirsttwomaincourses,wearealsofullofpraisesforthedishes.Yetwebecomelessandlessenthusiasticaswecontinuetoeat;andwhenthedinnerisover,alltheshortcomingshavebeenfoundout.Therefore,happinessturnsintoanger,praisesintocriticism,andhead-noddingintohead-shaking.3) Category words omission在人际关系问
19、题问题上上我们不要太浪漫主义。Weshouldnotbetooromanticininterpersonalrelations.这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验经验。Thisislikedininginarestaurant.3. conjunction (explicit in English while implicit in Chinese)Pointtohighlight:应尽可能将汉语中隐性连接关系显性化、明确化，并尽量避免使用“and”等不能明确表明逻辑关系的连接词。1)人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。Version1:Humanbeingsareinte
20、resting.Whenitisthefirsttimeyoumeetaperson,youonlynoticehisorhermerits.Version2:Peopleareinterestingandgetthefirstimpressionofhisorhermeritswhentheycommunicate.Version3:Peopleareveryinteresting,forwhenfirstmeetingsomebody,theyusuallyfocusonhisorherstrongpoints.Version4:Humanbeingsareveryinterestingi
21、nthatwhentheygetintocontactwithsomeonewhattheyfirstseeisoftenhisorhergoodpointsonly.2)开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。Version1:Whenwebeginwiththefirstcourseortheappetizer,weareverypositivelyimpressed.Whenwecontinuewiththefirsttwomaincourses,wearealsofullofpraisesforthedishes.Version2:Weareveryimpres
22、sedbythefirstdishorcolddishestobeginwith.Wewouldalsogiveendlesscomplimentsonthefirsttwocourses.Version3:Thefirstdishorcolddishesleaveagoodimpression,andthefirsttwomaindishesarealsoappreciated.3)愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。Version1:Yetthemoreweate,theclearerwebecome.Andafterdinnerwefoundoutalltheshortco
23、mings.Version2:asthedinergoeson,peopletendtobecalm.Afterfinishingit,theyhavefoundoutallthedefects.Version3:Yetthemoreweeat,thesobererwebecome.Drawbacksareallfoundrightafterthebanquet.Version4:Yetwebecomelessandlessenthusiasticaswecontinuetoeat;andwhenthedinnerisover,alltheshortcomingshavebeenfoundou
24、t.Translation strategy involved:Foreignizationanddomestication1).转首肯为摇头直译：noddingapprovalwillgivewaytohead-shaking意译：agreementwillgivewaytodisagreementApprovalwillgivewaytodisapprovalPositiveviewswillgivewaytonegativeviews2).吃糠异化：tohavechaff(bran,husks.)归化：tohavedishwater3).饿了吃糠甜加蜜异化：Inhungeronecant
25、astehoneyinchaff.归化：Hungeristhebestsauce.4).举筷异化：totakeupthechopstickstoeattobegintoeatwithchopsticks归化：totakeupaknifeandforktobegintoeatwithknifeandfork5).新盖的茅房三天香异化：anewly-builtlatrinesmellssweetinthefirst3days.Freshairdoesntlastlonginanewlatrine.归化：familiaritybreedscontemptVersionforreference：Wes
26、houldnotberomanticininterpersonalrelations.Humanbeingsareinterestinginthattheytendtoseegoodinanewacquaintance.Thisislikedininginarestaurant.Youwillbenotonlyfavorablyimpressedwiththefirstdishorcolddishes,butalsoprofuseinpraiseofthefirsttwocourses.However,themoreyouhave,themoresoberyoubecomeuntilthedi
27、nnerendsupwithalltheflawsexposed.Consequently,yourjoywouldgivewaytoanger;yourpraiseswouldtocriticismorevenfault-finding;andyournoddinginagreementtoshakingthehead.Whataccountsforallthisis,inthefirstplace,youarehungrywhenyoustarttoeat.Asthesayinggoes,“hungeristhebestsauce”,andviceversa.Andinthesecondp
28、lace,unfamiliarity,ratherthanfamiliaritybreedsfreshnessinyouwhenyoustarttoeatinrestaurantnewtoyou,whichistheso-calledeffectofunfamiliarization.Homeworkcorrection1.那大王已有七八分七八分醉了。Thechief/headofthebanditwasdrunkbyandlarge.Thechiefhasadroptoomuch.Thechiefisonthebrink/edgeofbeingdrunk.Thechiefhashadoneo
29、vertheeight.Thechiefishalfdrunk2.（教育）三个三个面向OrienteducationtowardsmodernizationEducationshouldbegearedto.Threeorientationsofeducation()Threefacingsofeducation()3.砰砰！枪响了一声一声。Bang!Wentthegun./Bang!Ashotrangout.Bang!Thegunroared.4.她“扑哧扑哧”一声一声笑了。Sheburstedout/brokeintolaughingShecouldnthelplanghing.“Puff
30、”,hegave/releasedalaugh5.这次是主场，咱们可可输不得。Thisisahomegame,wereallycannotlose(indeed)/cannotaffordtolose/caninnoeventlose.Wemustwinathome.6.他可不就可不就是白手起家的么么。Nowonderhestartedfromscratch.Heisatypicalself-mademan.Hedidstarthisbusinessonashoestring.Hestartedhisbusinessonashoestring,didnthe?7.原来竟是她弟弟干的。Hegoe
31、ssofarastohavedoneit.Itwentsofarasthefactthatherlitterbrotherdidit.Itturnouttobeheryoungerbrotherwhodidit.Tooursurprise/unexpectedly/outofexpectation,itwasheryoungerbrotherwhodidit.Hislittlebrotherwastheonewhoactuallydidit.Wehadnoideathatheryoungerbrotherhaddoneit.8.你来的正正是时候。Itisthehightimeyouarrive
32、d.Youvearrivedatexactlytherighttime/attheverymoment.Youarrivedjustintime.Yourarrivalisopportune.9.为什么他偏偏要这么做呢？Whyhewassostubbornindoingso?10.他却却反咬一口。Ontheotherhand,hemadeacountercharge/madeafalsecounterchargeExactly,hemadeacountercharge.He,however,madeacountercharge.Homework2得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离
33、，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摈弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。III汉英翻译语用对比应用三汉英翻译语用对比应用浦江大学人文学院中外文化进修（研习）中心招生白雪纷飞，冬意正浓，在中国最大的传统节日春节即将来临之际，由浦江大学人文学院与杰华商务中心联合创办的中外文化进修（研习）中心为您推出假目好去处集学习、考察、娱乐为一体的“中国民俗文化讲习考察班”。本次
34、开班，以浦江大学人文学院强大师资为后盾，以其文、史、哲研究的研果为底蕴，聘请资深专家、教授作中国民俗各方面的专题讲座，包括中国饮食、中国民俗、中国茶道、中国酒文化、中国书法与绘画欣赏等，并根据学员中英文程度决定授课语言。与此同时，本中心将结合授课内容安排专业人员带队考察。有领略中华文明悠远历史风采的古都北京至古都西安风貌考察；有体验中国少数民族风情的桂林至昆明考察。中国民俗文化讲习考察班是专为驻本市的境外人士设计的，以了解中国传统和民俗为目标，以小班专业人员教授为形式，以学习与考察结合为手段的寓学于乐的短期培训班。它既能使您享受旅行的乐趣，又能使您切身体会中华民族优秀灿烂的传统文化，“读万卷书
35、，行万里路”，在短短的三周内一举完成！本中习拟定于_年_月_日起开班，名额有限，报名从速。报名地址、时间和联系电话（略）WELCOME TO A THREE-WEEK ENCOUNTER WITH CHINESE FOLKLORETocoincidewiththeSpringFestivalholidaystheChineseequivalenceofChristmasholidayscollegeoftheHumanities,PujingUniversity,andJiehuaCommercialCentrearegoingtojointlyorganizeaChineseFolklore
36、StudyProgram.Thisprogramisspeciallydesignedfortheforeignresidentsaffiliatedtoforeignfirmsinthiscity.Theprogramwillbeacombinationofshort-trainingcourseandanexpeditiontourofChinesecustoms,withaviewtoenablingtheparticipantstogetfamiliarwithChinesefolkloreaswellasChinesetraditionoflifestyle.Seniorprofes
37、sorsandscholarsfromCollegeoftheHumanities,PujiangUniversity,willofferaseriesoflecturesonChinesefood,Chinesefolklore,Chinesewaysofteadrinking,Chinesewines,Chinesecalligraphy,Chinesepainting,etc.ThegeneraldegreeofChineseproficiencyonthepartoftheparticipantswilldeterminewhetherChineseorEnglishwillbeuse
38、dintheteaching.Apartfromlecturesandtutorialguidance,thestudyprogramalsoincludesanobservationtourfromBeijingtoXian(twoancientChinesecapitalsinNorthandNorth-eastChina)andfromGuilintoKunming(twosceniccitiesinanareaofChinasminoritynationalitiesinSouth-westChina).ItwilltakeonlythreeweekstofinishthewholestudyprogramashortbutfascinatingexperienceofaspectsofChineseculture.Theprogram,whichenrollsonlyalimitednumberofparticipants,isscheduledtostarton/.Thosewhoareinterestedintheprogramarekindlyurgedtocontactthefollowingaddress:(omit)结束结束
