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1、Unit 1Friendship Learning about Language2 2自自主主预预习习3 3合合作作探探究究4 4巩巩固固提提升升5 5课课 时时 作作 业业1 1语语法法精精讲讲语语 法法 精精 讲讲直接引语和间接引语()陈述句和疑问句自自 主主 预预 习习She said, “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.
2、”请将以上直接引语转换为间接引语，注意黑体部分变化：She said _ to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people _， but _ diary itself to be _ friend, and _ call _ friend Kitty.that she didnt want did she wanted that her she should her 合合 作作 探探 究究一、定义The boy said, “I like playing basketball very much.”(引号内的为直接引语)The bo
3、y said that he liked playing basketball very much.(that引导的宾语从句为间接引语)The teacher asked the boy，“Do you like playing basketball？”(引号内的为直接引语)The teacher asked the boy whether he liked playing basketball.(whether引导的宾语从句为间接引语)直接引语是将别人的话一字不改地放在引号内间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用加引号用下划线标出下列句中的引语，并指出是直接引语还是间接引语The mo
4、ther asked, “_？” (_)The mother asked _.(_)What are the kids doing in the room now 直接引语 what the kids were doing in the room then 间接引语 二、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则1人称变化的三原则。(1)“第一人称随主”原则：如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称)Mary
5、 said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)(2)“第二人称随宾”原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。The customer asked the salesgirl，“Can you show another pair of shoes in a different colour？”(直接引语内主语为第二人称)顾客问女售货员：“你能否给看一看不同颜色的另一双鞋？”Th
6、e customer asked the salesgirl whether she could show another pair of shoes in a different colour.(间接引语随宾改为第三人称)顾客问女售货员她能否给看一看不同颜色的另一双鞋。(3)“第三人称不更新”原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。The organizer said，“Jack would come here to help.”(直接引语内为第三人称)组织者说：“杰克会来这儿帮忙。”The organizer said that Jack wou
7、ld go there to help.(间接引语第三人称不改变)组织者说杰克会去那儿帮忙。直接引语变为间接引语，进行人称改变练习。A tourist asked a worker, “Can you help me with this case？”A tourist asked a worker whether _ could help him with that case.The farmer said，“I am harvesting my corn now.”The farmer said that _ was harvesting his corn then.He said, “I
8、am going to go to the cinema tonight.”He said that _ was going to go to the cinema that night.he he he 2时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成进行时过去完成进行时He said，“I am planning a trip to Dandong.”(直接引语内为现在进行时)他说：“我正计划去丹东旅行。”He said that he was plann
9、ing a trip to Dandong.(间接引语为过去进行时)他说他正计划去丹东旅行。The tourist said，“I have been spellbound by the beautiful scenery.”(直接引语内为现在完成时)游客说：“我已被美景迷住了”。The tourist said that she had been spellbound by the beautiful scenery.(间接引语改为过去完成时)游客说她已被美景迷住了。直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言； My teacher said to us yes
10、terday, “Early birds catch worms.”昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms.昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。The guide said, “The bridge was completed in 1980.”(直接引语含具体的过去时间状语)导游说：“这座桥完工于1980年。”The guide said that the bridge was com
11、pleted in 1980.(间接引语时态不改变)导游说这座桥完工于1980年。直接引语改为间接引语进行适当时态改变练习The engineer said，“We have begun our project.”The engineer said that they _ their project.The father told his child，“The earth moves around the sun.”The father told his child that she earth _ around the sun.The chairman said, “We will hold
12、 a meeting next month.”The chairman said that they _ a meeting the next month.had began moves would hold 3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化词类直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthenagobefore/earliertodaythat daytonightthat nightyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next/following daythe day after tomorrowin two
13、 days time“Where did you have a picnic yesterday？” asked his friend.(直接引语内为yesterday)他朋友问：“昨天你去哪里野餐的？”His friend asked where he had a picnic the day before.(间接引语改为the day before)他的朋友问昨天他去哪儿野餐的。词类直接引语间接引语地点状语herethere动词comegobringtakeThe famous hostess said, “I will come to host it if a party is held
14、 this weekend.”(直接引语内为come; this)这位著名的女主持人说：“如果这个周末举行宴会的话，我会来主持。”The famous hostess said that she would go to host it if a party was held that weekend.(间接引语改为go; that)这位著名的女主持人说如果那个周末举行宴会的话，她会去主持。将下列直接引语改为间接引语He said，“I will come to the party with my friend.”He said _.The girl said, “I went to Qingz
15、hou two days ago.”The girl said _.that he would go to the party with his friend that she went to Qingzhou two days before 4句子结构的变化。(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。She said，“I am working in that company now.”(直接引语为陈述句)她说：“我现在在那家公司工作。”She said that she was working in that company then
16、.(间接引语用that引导宾语从句)她说她那时在那家公司工作。(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(.or.或.or not)或if引导。His friend asked him，“Are you interested in playing football？”(直接引语为一般疑问句)朋友问他：“你对踢足球感兴趣吗？”His friend asked him whether he was interested in playing football.(间接引语改为whether引导的宾语从句)朋友问他是否对踢足球感兴趣。(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，
17、间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。He asked Mary，“How is your sister now？”(直接引语为how提问的特殊疑问句)他问玛丽：“你姐姐现在怎么样了？”He asked Mary how her sister was then.(间接引语改为how引导的宾语从句)他问玛丽那时她的姐姐怎么样了。(1)直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词said to sb.常改为told sb.。(2)直接引语为疑问句，主句中谓语动词是said，变为间接引语时将其改为asked；(3)直接引语为疑问句，变为间接引语
18、时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。His father said to him. “You should work hard if you want to go to college.”他的父亲对他说：“如果你想上大学，你就要努力学习。”(直接引语中主句谓语为“said to”)His father told him that he should work hard if he wanted to go to college.他的父亲告诉他，如果他想上大学就要努力学习。(改为间接引语时，主句谓语改为“told”)三诀巧记“直”变“间”(1)当直接引语为陈述句时，变成间接引语的口诀：去掉引号加tha
19、t，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。(2)当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀：去掉引号加if/whether，陈述语序要记住。时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。(3)当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变成间接引语的口诀：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。用正确的表达填空“How much have we spent on petrol this year？” Susan said to her husband.Susan _ her husband _ much they had spent on petrol that year.Mother said to m
20、e, “Have you finished your homework？”Mother _ me _ I had finished my homework.Father said to his son，“You need to arrange your things well.”Father _ his son _ he needed to arrange his things well.asked how asked whether told that 编后语老师上课都有一定的思路，抓住老师的思路就能取得良好的学习效果。在上一小节中已经提及听课中要跟随老师的思路，这里再进一步论述听课时如何抓
21、住老师的思路。 根据课堂提问抓住老师的思路。老师在讲课过程中往往会提出一些问题，有的要求回答，有的则是自问自答。一般来说，老师在课堂上提出的问题都是学习中的关键，若能抓住老师提出的问题深入思考，就可以抓住老师的思路。 根据自己预习时理解过的逻辑结构抓住老师的思路。老师讲课在多数情况下是根据教材本身的知识结构展开的，若把自己预习时所理解过的知识逻辑结构与老师的讲解过程进行比较，便可以抓住老师的思路。 根据老师的提示抓住老师的思路。老师在教学中经常有一些提示用语，如“请注意”、“我再重复一遍”、“这个问题的关键是”等等，这些用语往往体现了老师的思路。来自：学习方法网 紧跟老师的推导过程抓住老师的思路。老师在课堂上讲解某一结论时，一般有一个推导过程，如数学问题的来龙去脉、物理概念的抽象归纳、语文课的分析等。感悟和理解推导过程是一个投入思维、感悟方法的过程，这有助于理解记忆结论，也有助于提高分析问题和运用知识的能力。 搁置问题抓住老师的思路。碰到自己还没有完全理解老师所讲内容的时候，最好是做个记号，姑且先把这个问题放在一边，继续听老师讲后面的内容，以免顾此失彼。来自：学习方法网 利用笔记抓住老师的思路。记笔记不仅有利于理解和记忆，而且有利于抓住老师的思路。2024/7/28最新中小学教学课件312024/7/28最新中小学教学课件32谢谢欣赏！
