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1、Grammar构词法构词法 (Word Formation)2012高考英语语法总复习高考英语语法总复习（优质课件）（优质课件）If you meet the new words while reading, what will you do ?Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word, just go on reading! Guess the meaning! When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension, we can use Word
2、 Formation to help us, but the context( (上下文，语境上下文，语境) ) is also very important.1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless.3. A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet根据根据构词法构词法猜词猜词 首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如次要掌握
3、一定的词根和词缀。如:un-,im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。等。小小结结dis+honest 不诚实的不诚实的speech+less 说不出话的说不出话的pick+pocket 扒手扒手构词法构词法派生法派生法（Derivation）合成法合成法(Compounding) 转化法转化法（Conversion）缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation） able unable; teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v. visit n.Do it yourself. DIY合成词合成词 Compoundpain-killercolor-
4、 blindsleep-walksleep-walker二、二、合成法合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。一个新词。合成词汇展厅合成词汇展厅一一.合成合成名词名词二二.合成合成动词动词三三.合成合成形容词形容词四四.合成合成副词副词五五.合成合成代词代词一一.合成名词合成名词例词例词 seafood; 名词代词名词名词代词名词构成方式构成方式greenhouse;形容词名词形容词名词handwriting;名词名词+动名词（动名词（V-ing）waiting- room
5、;动名词动名词+名词名词pain-killer名词名词+动词动词(er/or)pickpocket;动词动词+名词名词turn-off动词动词+副词副词output副词动词副词动词afternoon介词副词名词介词副词名词二二.合成动词合成动词构成方式.名词动词overcome; 构成方式1副词动词whitewash构成方式形容词动词sleep walk;三三.合成形容词合成形容词副词过去分词副词过去分词snow-white名词名词+形容词形容词English-speaking名词现在分词名词现在分词man-made构成方式构成方式例词例词high-class;形容词名词形容词名词light-
6、blue形容词形容词形容词形容词good-looking形容词现在分词形容词现在分词warm-hearted形容词名词形容词名词+edsecond-hand数词名词数词名词hard-working副词现在分词副词现在分词well-known副词过去分词副词过去分词underground介词名词介词名词四四.合成副词合成副词however; 构成方式1副词副词anywhere; whatever构成方式1代词副词downstairs; upstairs构成方式3副词名词anyway形容词名词五五.合成代词合成代词something; everything; nobody; someone; an
7、ybody构成方式： some/any/no+thing/one/body1) The fire lasted about 4 hours before the _ _ could control it.2) At school she formed a close _ with several other girls. 3) They decide to spend their holiday at the _.4) He put on a hat and _ before he went out.5) They often perform in the streets for the _.
8、6) Im sure you will be _ soon.passers-bywell-knownfirefightersfriendshipseasideovercoat1. Make compound words after the models. A: passer, well, sea, fire, over, friend, B: by, known, side, fighter, coat, ship, Model: part + time = part-time2. Fill in the blanks with the words above. Never trouble t
9、rouble until trouble troubles you.转化法（Conversion）tastev.尝起来尝起来n. 味道味道It has a good taste.It tastes very good.handn.手手v.递送递送wrong adj.错误的错误的n.错的事错的事We always walk hand in hand.Please hand me the book. There is something wrong with the car. He didnt know the difference between right and wrong .cleanad
10、j. 干净干净v.清扫清扫Please keep tidy and clean.You have to clean the blackboard after class.1. Jim dreams of being the best football player in England. 2. Please stop here, and it is the bus stop3. The coach was questioning the team members about their practice conditions4. Whos guarding that building? 5.
11、The car slowed down to half its speed6. Dont use too cold water to water flowers7. The old in our village are living a happy life. 派生法派生法 Derivation派派生生法法前缀前缀后缀后缀否定前缀否定前缀其他前缀其他前缀名词后缀名词后缀形容词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀副词后缀动词后缀动词后缀否定前缀否定前缀其他前缀其他前缀加前缀：加前缀： happy -happy - _happyhappy 加后缀：加后缀： develop -develop - developd
12、evelop_既加前缀又加后缀：既加前缀又加后缀： employ -employ -_employemploy_unmentunment派生词派生词（derivation） 1.派生词 注意:前缀一般只改变词义,不改变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化Derivation: 1) 前缀前缀: (1) dis-: disagree, dislike, disappear (2) in-(il-, im-, ir-): incorrect, impossible, irregular, (3) un-: unhappy, unable, unfit, (4) non-: nonstop, n
13、onverbal (非语言的非语言的) (5) re-: rewrite, review 2) 后缀后缀: (1) 构成名词：构成名词： (2) 构成形容词构成形容词: (3) 构成动词构成动词: (4) 构成副词构成副词: (5) 构成数词构成数词: -er, -ese, -ist, -ian, -ment, -tion, -ness, -th.buyer, Chinese, socialist, musician agreement, collection, illness, truth-al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less national, American,
14、careful, exciting, cloudy, useless-fy, -is (z)e: beautify, realize-ly: badly-teen, -ty, -th thirteen, sixty, twelfth一、一、派生法派生法（Derivation）由词根由词根(root)加前缀加前缀（prefix）或后缀或后缀（suffix）构成新词。构成新词。un-否定前缀否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non- understand politesmokeragreefairvisible trans- -graph tele- super- co- vis- bio- s
15、ub- -port- carry see below life together/with more than usual far across writingMatch the prefix or suffix with the meaning.Guess the meaning of the underlined words1.Many countries import most of the oil they use.2.He studied biophysics at college.3.It is very important to learn how to cooperate wi
16、th others.4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train.5.My cousin has an excellent voice. Her dream is to become a superstar.进口进口生命物理生命物理合作合作运输运输明星明星 Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning? Do you sometimes oversleep?1. over- : too muchoverwork , overeatabove sth; ac
17、ross overcoat, overheadSome important prefixes: The trains are _ on Friday evenings. (crowded)overcrowded He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en- 动词前缀动词前缀enable, endanger, Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrichSome important suffixes:-ment, -ion, -ness, -tion, -ful, -able, -less, -en等等sharp
18、en a pencilstrengthenbrightensharp adj. sharpen v._strength _ bright3. Write out the original words.unchangeable adj. _ dislike v. _ impossibility n. _ unfriendly adj._overwork v. _ misunderstanding n. _athletic adj._ misread v. _translator n. _ changelike possiblefriendlook understandathletereadtra
19、nslateII. 构词法专练。构词法专练。给下列单词加上前缀给下列单词加上前缀dis-, un-, in-或或im-, 构构成意思相反的词。成意思相反的词。1. agree _2. complete _3. healthy _4. important _5. able _6. cover _ 7. known _ 8. practical _9. tidy _10. perfect _11. visible _ 12. fit _disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover / uncoverunknownimpracticalu
20、ntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitPractice (II): rain(形容词形容词) _ agree(反义反义)_ nation(形容词形容词)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ back(形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ home(形容词形容词) _ eight(序数词序数词)_ true(名词名词)_ America(形容词形容词)_ China(形容词形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisit
21、oreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinese4. Fill the table with the different forms of the words.NounverbAdjectiveAdverbamusementamuseamusingamusinglyadmitimaginesettleequipattractadmissionadmissibleadmissiblyimaginationimaginative imaginativelysettlementsettledequipmentequ
22、ippedattractionattractiveattractivelycorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisable disabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义反义独立的独立的词根词根adj.残疾的残疾的n.不可能的不可能的n.反义反义n.误解误解词根词根大学生大学生词根词根n.近义近义反义反义Words Buildingcor
23、rectn.反义反义独立的独立的词根词根adj.残疾的残疾的n.不可能的不可能的n.反义反义n.误解误解词根词根大学生大学生词根词根n.近义近义反义反义Words Building四、四、缩略法缩略法（ Abbreviation ）DVVIPSOSWWWDigital VideoVery Important PersonSave Our ShipWorld Wide WebBTWBRBFTFICICQRUOKTHXTTUL by the way be right back face to face I see I see you.我找你我找你Are you OK? thanks talk to
24、 you later1. He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)2. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! (happy)3. It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)4. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)players happily heavily inventor inventions 构词
25、法精练构词法精练 Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks.5. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）6. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)7. Please give me some reference work. It will _ my task. (simple)8. The boy had the _ of being half sta
26、rved. (appear)9. The police have _ a plot against the President. (cover)10. The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _.(operate) foreigners satisfactory simplify appearance uncovered operation 11. She hoped that her son would become a _. (music)12. Few _ words made us excited. (speak)13. The days
27、 on the moon get hotter than _ water. (boil)14. Thank you for your _. (kind)15. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _ . (expensive)16. Most international _ letters are written in English, too. (busy)musician spoken boiling kindnes
28、s expenses business 17. The boy noticed an _ mistake on his paper, but he decided not to say anything about it. (correct)18. When in Rome, do as the _ do. (Rome)19. The teacher was pleased with her _. (honest)20. The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying _. (noise) uncorrected Romans honesty
29、 noisily 单词记忆五决：单词记忆五决： 一一 同义（近义）同义（近义）法法二二 反义法反义法三三 改头法改头法四四 换尾法换尾法五五 形近法形近法一：一： 同义法同义法词词-词词 search = 词词-短语短语 = pay no attention to 短语短语-短语短语 remind sb of sth = seekignorecall up二二 ： 反义法反义法accept - tell lies - look down upon -refusehonestlook up to三：改头法：三：改头法：pay- v.bay- n.day- n.hay - n.lay - v.may - v.ray - n.say - v.way - n.gay -adj.四： 换尾法：deaf - adj.dead - adj.deal - v.dean - n.dear - adj.五：五： 形近法：形近法：floor - flourabroad - aboardsoap- soupwonder - wanderattract - attackvacation - vocationUse your imagination, youll get a different world. 想象给生活插上翅膀，想象给生活插上翅膀，让我们在学习的天空中让我们在学习的天空中越飞越高！越飞越高！
