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1、关于定语重句定语重句是高中语法的重要点，在初中我们有所见过，但是真正要想分析好定语从句是有一点的难度的，它是我们处理完型，阅读的重要工具，分析好语句、划分句子的构造，找到阅读的中心词是根本。moudel与moude2重点讲了这些句型，希望重点了解Bestunderstandingdependsyourways1.1983Thedoctor_isleavingforAfricanextmonth.thenurseistalkingtohimwhomthenurseistalkingC.thenursistalkingtoD.Whothenurseistalking2.1985Hedidntkno
2、wwhichroom_.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein3.1992Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.ThatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom一一.介词加关系代词介词加关系代词留意留意1.含介含介词的引的引导词，其介，其介词可放在引可放在引导词whom,which前或在从句原来的位置上。介前或在从句原来的位置上。介词不提早，不提早，其在从句中作其在从句中作宾语的引的引导词who,whom,that,which可省。可省。
3、但含有介但含有介词的短的短语动词普通不能拆开，如普通不能拆开，如lookafter,bemadeof,takepartin,lookforwardto等。等。例：例：Thebabies(who/whom)thenurseslookafterlookstrongandhappy.2.where=at/in/to+whichwhen=at/in/on/during+whichwhy=forwhich例：例：Thisistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtoteach.Theystoodatthewindow,fromwheretheycouldseewhatwashappeni
4、nginthestreet.whosebook=thebookofwhich=ofwhichthebook二二.在以下情况下只用在以下情况下只用that，不用，不用which先行先行词是是all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much,theone等不定代等不定代词时Thereisnothing(that)Icando.Imeantheonethatwasbroughtyesterday.先行先行词被被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等等词修修饰时Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.Y
5、oumaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike.先行先行词被序数被序数词或描画或描画词最高最高级修修饰时Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.Thisisthebestnovel(that)Ihaveeverread.先行先行词被被theonly,thevery(正是正是,恰是恰是),thesame,thelast修修饰时Thewhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.Thelastpl
6、ace(that)wevisitedwasthehospital.ThisisthesamewatchthatIlostyesterday.领先行先行词有两个或两个以上有两个或两个以上时,既有人又有物既有人又有物,定定语从句用从句用that引引导(that既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.that不能引不能引导非限制性定非限制性定语从句从句that不能置于介不能置于介词之后介之后介词后指物用后指物用which,指人用指人用whom关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表语时关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表
7、语时,或先行在主句中作表语或先行在主句中作表语Whatgreatchanges!Itisnotthecity(that)itwastenyearsago.2.mostof+which/whom引导的定语从句属非限定性定语从句，从句前应有逗号与主句分开，除most外，还有many,some,any,all,none,several,few,both,half,themajority,anumber,theyoungest,three(数词)infrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebackof,atthebottomof,onthetopof,atthefootof+which等
8、。例：Heworksinamiddleschool,infrontofwhichthereisariver.1.无关系代无关系代词that,只需只需whichwhowhom三在非限制性定语从句中三在非限制性定语从句中.在非限制性定在非限制性定语从句中的从句中的as,which1).thesameas,suchas,soas,asas等构造中,只用asThisisnotsuchabookasIexpected.Iliveinthesamebuildingashe(livesin).Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.Asmanychildrenascameherewe
9、remyfatherspupils.2).as的的这种用法通常出如今一些固定短种用法通常出如今一些固定短语之中如：之中如：1ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述如上所述2asmaybeimagined正如可以想象出来的那正如可以想象出来的那样3asiswellknown众所周知众所周知4aswasexpected正如正如预料的那料的那样5ashasbeenalreadypointedout正如曾正如曾经指出的那指出的那样6asweallcansee正如我正如我们都会看到的那都会看到的那样3).as替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，替代一句话即可放句首也可放句末，而而which只能放句末
10、。只能放句末。Themandiedlastnight,whichisalie.四四.定定语从句中的主从句中的主谓一致一致定定语从句中的从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行的人称和数与先行词坚持一致。持一致。例如：例如：1.Herearesuchsentencesasareoftenusedbythestudents.(as指代指代sentences,谓语动词用用are)。2.I,whoamaPartymember,shouldworkhardforourcountry.(who指代指代I,谓语用用am.)。3.Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit.(wh
11、o指代指代thestudents)他是被表他是被表扬的学生之一。的学生之一。4.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit.(who指指theonlyone)他是独一被表他是独一被表扬的学生。的学生。五五.易与定易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句从句混淆的其他复合句1.定定语从句与同位从句与同位语从句从句定定语从句与前面的名从句与前面的名词是修是修饰与被修与被修饰的关系的关系“的。的。而同位而同位语从句是用来从句是用来阐明前面名明前面名词的内容。与的内容。与that从句从句同位的名同位的名词必需是一些表必需是一些表现实或概念的或概念的笼统名名词，如如
12、fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。等。that在定在定语从句中从句中作成分，可用作成分，可用which或或who/whom替代；而替代；而that在同位在同位语从句中不充任任何句子成分，只起从句中不充任任何句子成分，只起衔接作用。接作用。试比比较：Weallhaveheardthenewsthatourteamwon.(同位同位语从句，从句，that从句表示从句表示news的内容，的内容，that在从句在从句中不作任何成分中不作任何成分)Wedontbelievethenewsthat/whichhetoldusyesterday.(定定语从句，从句，that作作to
13、ld的的宾语)2.定定语从句与状从句与状语从句。从句。试比比较：Heleftthekeywherehehadbeenanhourbefore.(where引引导地点状地点状语从句，相当于从句，相当于intheplacewhere)Helefttheplacewherehelivedformanyyears.(where引引导定定语从句，修从句，修饰theplace)Heissuchagoodteacherasallofusloveandrespect.(as引引导定定语从句从句)Heissuchagoodteacherthatwealllikehim.(that引引导结果状果状语从句从句,su
14、chthat“如此如此以致以致)3定定语从句与主从句与主语从句。从句。试比比较：Asisknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.(as引引导定定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)ItisknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.(it做方式主做方式主语，替代，替代that引引导的主的主语从句从句)4定定语从句与从句与强调构造。构造。试比比较：ItisthehousewhereImettheyoungman.(where引引导定定语从句，修从句，修饰house，where在定在定语从
15、句中作地点状从句中作地点状语)ItwasinthehousethatImettheyoungman.(本句本句为强调构造，可复原构造，可复原为Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.)1.Itistheyoungman_lookedfor_caughtthemurderer.A.thatwhoB.thattheyC.theythatDtheywhich2.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichCtheoneDatwhich3.Thebook,thecover_isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhos
16、eDofwhich4.ThisisMrSmith,_Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x5.Who_hasseentheTVfilmdoesntadmireit?A.thatBwhoCwhichDas分析：先行分析：先行词是是who，到是指人，可，到是指人，可为了防止反复，了防止反复，不用不用who，而用能指代，而用能指代人的人的that。答案是。答案是A。7.Thisisthelasttime_Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.whenBthatCwhichDinwhich分析：答案是分析：答案是B。
17、这里的里的time不指不指时间，而是次数。，而是次数。且先行且先行词time被被thelast所修所修饰,所以用所以用that引引导。8.Idontliketheway_youlaughather.A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas9._haveplentyofmoneywillhelptheirfriend.A.ThosewhoB.HewhoC.ThatwhoD.Youwho10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD
18、.which,where6.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad_thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.A.treatB.totreatCtreatingDtreated注：注：havetrouble(difficult)doingsth六六.定语从句可缩略为短语：定语从句可缩略为短语：1、缩略为分词短语缩略为分词短语有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词关系代词who,which,例如：例如：Iknowthemen(whoare)sittinginthatcar.(IME2)Theb
19、oyshelpedthepeople(thatwere)hurtintheaccident.(ib).3)Theproblem(whichis)botheringeverybodyisthelackofmoney.(ib)4)Thebook(thathasbeen)giventohimisanEnglishnovel.(NEC)语小说。语小说。有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为这类定语从句普通缩略为如今分词短语，且在缩略为这类定语从句普通缩略为如今分词短语，且在缩略时要思索如今分词的时态和词态特征。时要思索如今分词的时态和词态特征。例
20、如：例如：5)ThemanwhoownsthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparkingThemanowningthatcarwillbefinedforillegalparking.6)Bill,whohadtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.Bill,havingtakenchemistryinhighschool,offeredtohelphim.7)Now,however,thefurniturewhichtheyarecarryingdowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy.Now,howeve
21、r,thefurniturebeingcarrieddowntothetruckfeelsveryheavy.2、缩略略为描画描画词短短语假假设定定词从句从句为主体表构造，且表主体表构造，且表语由描画短由描画短词充任，充任，可直接略去作主可直接略去作主词的关系代的关系代词和和连系系动词，从而使，从而使定定词从句从句缩略略为描画描画词短短语作后置定作后置定语。例如：例如：Themen(whowere)responsiblefortheadministrationoftheschoolrefusedtoconsiderthematter.2).WesaidgoodbyetoMrs.Long,(wh
22、owas)stillbusyatherchores.3).Thepuppy,(whichwas)tooexcitedtobecalmed,barkedfuriously.3缩略略为名名词短短语由名由名词短短语作表作表语的非限制性定的非限制性定语从句略去作从句略去作主主语的关系代的关系代词和和连系系动词便成便成为名名词短短语作同位作同位语。例如：例如：1Thecompanycommander,(whowas)CaptainMadison,assembledhismenandannouncedtheirmission.连长,墨迪墨迪逊上尉上尉,把把战士士们集合起来宣布他集合起来宣布他们的的战斗斗义
23、务。2YoushouldhaveatalkwithMr.Worth,(whois)theadvisertostudents.他他应该和沃斯先生和沃斯先生-学生学生顾问谈一一谈。3)WefinallyreachedRio,(whichwas)theendorourjourney.4缩略略为介介词短短语假假设定定语从句从句为主系表句型，且表主系表句型，且表语为介介语短短语，可略去，可略去主主语关系代关系代词和和连系系动词，使之，使之缩略略为介介词短短语作作后置定后置定语。此外，假此外，假设定定语从句中含从句中含“有有动词has,have,had，用介用介词with/without取替定取替定语从句
24、中主从句中主语关系代关系代词和和“有有动词，使定，使定语从句从句缩略略为介介词with/without短短语作后置定作后置定语。With适用于一定的定适用于一定的定语从句；从句；without适用于否适用于否认的定的定语从句。从句。例如例如:Hespoketothegirl(whowas)fromNewYork例如：例如：1).Thecompanywantsmenwhohaveexperience.Thecompanywantsmenwithexperience.2Myfatherwentuptothewomanwhohadabookunderherarm.Myfatherwentuptoth
25、ewomenwithabookunderherarm.3Theteacherwaslookingforarulethatdidnothaveanexception.Theteacherwaslookingforarulewithoutanexception.5、缩略为动词不定式短词、缩略为动词不定式短词某些含情态动词或助动词的定语从句可缩略为动词某些含情态动词或助动词的定语从句可缩略为动词不定式短语作后置定语。不定式短语作后置定语。例如：例如：1Youneedsomeonewhocanlookafteryou.2)Thewayyoushouldstartthemachineistopresst
26、hebutton.3)Therearestillmanyobstaclesthatmustbeovercome.4)Thequestionwhichwillbediscussedtomorrowiswhetherincometaxshouldbeincreased.5)Thereareplentyoftoyswithwhichthechildrencanplay.关于找先行词单数或复数1.Hewasoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedforit.(who指代指代thestudents)他是被表他是被表扬的学生之一。的学生之一。2.Hewastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedforit.(who指指theonlyone)他是独一被表他是独一被表扬的学生。的学生。
