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1、人体运动学-功能性活动分析kinesiology application in functional activities 周 晶南方医科大学康复医学院2021/6/31kinesiology2021/6/32Purpose of studying clinical kinesiology The purpose of studying clinical kinesiology is to understand the forces acting on the human body and to manipulate these forces in treatment procedures s
2、o that human performance may be improved and further injury may be prevented 了解了解动作作 了解作用在人体的力量了解作用在人体的力量优化运化运动效能效能避免和避免和预防运防运动损伤2021/6/33Reference2021/6/34Planes of MotionTransverse Plane(YZ plane)Frontal Plane(XY plane)Sagittal Plane(XZ plane)Cardinal planes of motion2021/6/35Naming Movements at J
3、oints2021/6/362021/6/372021/6/382021/6/39Special casesThumbPronation/supinationHip med/lat rotation with hip flexion2021/6/310Kinematic chainkinematic chain： a series of connected segment linksopen kinematic chain motion 开开链运运动 the joint motion with the distal segment moves free in space, e.g. raisi
4、ng lower leg or throwing a ballclosed kinematic chain motion 闭链运运动 the joint motion with the distal segment is fixed, e.g. standing up or squatting down2021/6/311What kind of kinematic chain is performed aschin-up (引體向上引體向上)?one-legged squatting?2021/6/312Basic Arthrokinematic Joint Motions(1) rolli
5、ng or rocking, (2) sliding or gliding, (3) spinning2021/6/313 Application of Human Motion Measure and Analysis System2021/6/314使用人體動作量測分析系統的目的使用人體動作量測分析系統的目的人體動作量測分析系統人體動作量測分析系統進階人體動作分析進階人體動作分析-人體動作分析模擬系統人體動作分析模擬系統人體動作分析系統之應用人體動作分析系統之應用步態分析步態分析(gait analysis)平衡訓練平衡訓練輔具科技輔具科技下背痛分析下背痛分析運動器材運動器材體育技術體育技
6、術2021/6/315使用動作量測分析系統的目的了解人體動作，肢幹間的相關性了解人體動作，肢幹間的相關性運動學，動力學參數運動學，動力學參數設計設計、提升與評估人體運動提升與評估人體運動、手工具手工具、運動器材與醫療輔具等的功運動器材與醫療輔具等的功能與成效能與成效2021/6/316動作量測分析系統包含動作量測分析系統動作量測分析系統電子量角器電子量角器(electrogoniometer)力量感測器力量感測器(Loadcell)動動作擷取系統作擷取系統 (Vicon)測力板測力板 (AMTI)肌電訊號肌電訊號(EMG) 加速規加速規(Accelerometer)資料收集盒資料收集盒(Dat
7、alogger)2021/6/317電子量角器(electrogoniometer)2021/6/318力量感測器(Loadcell)2021/6/319力量感測器(Loadcell)2021/6/320動作分析系統2021/6/3211. 動作擷取系統 (Vicon)Vicon 460Ploygon2021/6/322LFHDLSHOLUPASTRNCLAVLELBLFRALWRBLASILWRALFINLTHILKNELTIBRFHDLANKLTOELMT5RTOERMT5RANKRTIBRKNERTHIRASIRELBRFRARWRBRWRARSHORBHDLBHDC7RBAKT10 L
8、PSIRPSISACRRFINLHEERHEE2021/6/3232. 測力板 (AMTI)forceamplifiertransducerA/D PC2021/6/324測力板(CoP)xyF2021/6/3253. 肌電訊號(EMG)2021/6/326動作量測分析系統動作量測分析系統電子量角器電子量角器(electrogoniometer)力量感測器力量感測器(Loadcell)動動作擷取系統作擷取系統 (Vicon)測力板測力板 (AMTI)肌電訊號肌電訊號(EMG) 加速規加速規(Accelerometer)資料收集盒資料收集盒(Datalogger)關節角度關節角度外力外力肢段空間
9、位置肢段空間位置地面反作用力地面反作用力肌電訊號肌電訊號 加速度加速度資料收集資料收集2021/6/3272021/6/328人体功效学之人体模拟系统2021/6/3292021/6/3302021/6/33120 cm50.8 cm42Kg25Kg2021/6/33225Kg42Kg10 cm39 cm2021/6/3332021/6/334动作分析的应用2021/6/335Gait analysis2021/6/336平衡訓練2021/6/3372021/6/338h=肩高肩高2021/6/339Bicycle analysisHip moment 1500N-mmKnee moment
10、2400N-mmQudriceps 4500N，Biceps femoris 1500NGluteus 3000NTibialis anterior 2800NGastroneminus 1600N 2021/6/340more Joy & Safety2021/6/341more Fun & Lark2021/6/342for Goodor Bad2021/6/343Treadmill 2021/6/3442021/6/3452021/6/346高爾夫2021/6/3472021/6/348人体功效改善對策2021/6/349人因工程改善對策使用臂力人，配瓶口夾鈎使用臂力人，配瓶口夾鈎202
11、1/6/3502021/6/3512021/6/3522021/6/3532021/6/3542021/6/355outlinemobilityoccupational and daily activities2021/6/356Three elementsthe first;identifies the sequence of activities performed from the start to the completion of the activitythe second;presents a description of the joint movements througho
12、ut the activitythe third; distinguishes the muscles and how they function to produce the joint movements to successfully perform the activities2021/6/357Mobility2021/6/358Floor mobility：rollingRollingDevelopmental direction： nonsegmental -segmentalSupine to prone more individual variation more diffi
13、cult than prone to supine2021/6/3592021/6/360Supine to prone ( Roll to the right)1.left upper extremity reaching to the rightShoulder flexion anterior deltoid三角肌前三角肌前侧+of pectoralis major胸大肌胸大肌Horizontal adduction水平位的内收水平位的内收 posterior deltoid (eccentric contraction 离心收离心收缩 after passing the midline
14、)2021/6/361Scapula protraction肩胛骨前伸Serratus anterior前前锯肌肌, upper & lower trapezius 斜方肌斜方肌Elbow extension: Triceps 肱三肱三头肌肌Forearm pronation 前臂旋前前臂旋前 pronator quadratus & pronator teres 旋前方肌旋前方肌 旋前旋前圆肌肌Wrist in neutral or slight extension 腕关腕关节中立位中立位 微微伸展微微伸展Extensors carpi radialis longus & brevis（桡侧
15、腕伸肌）腕伸肌） +extensor carpi ulnaris （尺（尺侧腕伸肌）腕伸肌）2021/6/362Finger and thumb extension extensor digitorum指伸肌指伸肌 Abduction :dorsal interossei 背背侧骨骨间肌肌Rotator cuff肩袖肩袖 muscles stabilize head of the humerus during arm motionRight U/E Shoulder extension肩关肩关节伸展伸展 + scapular retraction肩胛骨后肩胛骨后缩 + forearm in m
16、idposition前臂中立位前臂中立位 +wrist and finger extension手腕伸展手腕伸展2021/6/363headNeck rotation & lateral flexion to the rightleft stemocleidomastoid胸胸锁乳突肌乳突肌 +right scalene（斜角肌）（斜角肌）Flexion increased as the movement proceeds2021/6/3643.trunk flexion and rotation to the right Flexion: rectus abdominus 腹直肌腹直肌Rot
17、ation+ lateral rotation right internal abdominal oblique腹内斜肌腹内斜肌+left external abdominal oblique腹外斜肌腹外斜肌4.left pelvisForward rotation +left hip flexion& adduction +left knee flexion(foot pushing off the floor)2021/6/3655.right lower limb in extension6.weight bearing on right side of the body7.weight
18、 shift to left arm(right arm move from beneath the body) right shoulder flexion + scapular upward rotation+ elbow extension+ forearm pronation+ wrist and hand extension to push into floor2021/6/366Occupational and daily activities2021/6/367Lifting tasks2021/6/368Head, trunk, pelvis are maintained in
19、 midline alignment throughout the activityCocontraction of anterior and posterior muscles neck flexors(SCM, scalenes斜角肌斜角肌) v.s. extensors erector spinae（竖棘肌）棘肌） v.s. abdominal muscles腹肌腹肌 transverse abdominis v.s. multifidus pelvis and lumbar spine in neutral positionTorso is moved by hip instead o
20、f trunk motion2021/6/369Preparation phase prior to lifting,test the object to be lifted to get an idea of its weight establish wide base of support and standing close to the object hip abduction: gluteus medius and minimus（臀中肌、臀小肌）（臀中肌、臀小肌）,TFL .sartorius（缝匠肌）匠肌） laterally rotation(45)：gluteus maxim
21、us(臀大肌臀大肌),deep lateral rotators,sartorius（缝匠肌）匠肌）2021/6/370Move into a squatSpinal position: erector spinae (isometric contraction)Lumber stabilization: abdominalsHip flexion(90):throughout preparation phase gluteus maximus and hamstrings(eccentric contraction) further flexes to move torso over box
22、Knee flexion: quadriceps (eccentric contraction)Ankle dorsiflexion: gastrocnemius soleus(eccentric contraction) control tibia moving forward over the foot into dorsiflexion2021/6/371Reach and grasp the objectShoulder flexion: anterior deltoid(三角肌前部三角肌前部), pectoralis major胸大肌胸大肌(clavicular portion锁骨骨
23、头) midway between medial and lateral rotation: subscapularis,infraspinatus冈下肌下肌,teres minor,anterior deltoidElbow extension: contraction of triceps and elbow flexors(brachialis肱肱,brachioradialis肱肱桡,biceps)2021/6/372Forearm in midpositionHand power grasp wrist extension:functional position contractio
24、n between wrist extensors and finger flexors fingers and thumb full extension and abduction-full flexion and adduction(palmar interossei) thumb flexion and abduction:flexor policis and pollocis adductor2021/6/373Lifting phaseU/E set to accept the weight isometric contraction of muscles activates in
25、preparation phaseTrunk extension Hip extension: concentric contraction of gluteus maximus and hamstrings abduction lateral rotation Knee extension concentric contraction of quadriceps2021/6/374Household tasks:vacuuming2021/6/375A push-pull activity using U/E to serve as the delivery of L/E forces on
26、ly U/E ipsilateral(身体同身体同侧的的) to front leg is uesedTandem stance: one leg ahead of the otherProcedure weight transfers to front leg (knee flexion) & pushing off from back leg-shoulder flexion+elbow extension weight pushed (knee extension) from front leg to back leg-shoulder extension +elbow flexion2
27、021/6/376Head,neck and trunk: neutral position, slight rotation to the right(in this illustration) erector spinae and abdominal trunk extension and lumbar stabilization in uprightLt external abdominal obiliques +Rt internal abdominal obliques2021/6/377Pelvis: gluteus medius(both legs ) maintain a le
28、vel pelvis and shift weight from one leg to the other2021/6/378L/E: both legs are in abduction & lateral rotation Front leg hip flexion;knee flexion,ankle plantarflexion(踝趾屈踝趾屈)Back leg hip extension;knee extension;ankle neutral to eversionKnee: Quadricpes(股四股四头肌肌) in all phases2021/6/379Pushing for
29、ward ：L/EHip adductors(front leg)contract eccentrically as weight moves forward abductors(back leg) concentric contraction: move hip into abduction(forward) hip flexion: Gluteus maximus(bag leg)contracts eccentricallyAnkle dorsiflexion gastrocnemius(front leg) contracts eccentricallyElbow extension:
30、 triceps(front hand)2021/6/380Pulling back: L/EHip Adductors(front leg) contract concentrically as weight moves backward Abductors(back leg) eccentric contraction: adduct hip against gravity (backward)Ankle plantarflexion: gastrocnemius-soleus (back leg) eversion: peroneus longus and brevis(back leg) 2021/6/381assignments2021/6/382Leg phases of cycling2021/6/383Tennis service phases2021/6/384Swim stroke2021/6/385Soccer kick2021/6/386Presentation6个个组每个小每个小组20min动作分析作分析结合合临床床应用：包括如何避免运用：包括如何避免运动损伤等等准准备PPT及演示素材及演示素材小小组讨论2021/6/387 用于科普，若有用于科普，若有不当之处，请指正，不当之处，请指正，感谢您的下载。感谢您的下载。
