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1、TheportraitofaladyTheauthorHenryJames,O.M.(April15,1843February28,1916)wasaU.S.-bornBritishauthor.Heisoneofthekeyfiguresof19thcenturyliteraryrealism.LifeofHenryJamesHenryJameswasbornintoawealthyculturedfamilyofNewEngland.Forawhile,heattendedHarvardLawSchool.HetouredEngland,FranceandItaly.Hetriedtoli
2、veandworkasanartanddramacriticinNewYorkandfailed.Finally,hesettleddowninLondon,exceptsometripsvisitstoAmerica,spenttherestofhislifethere.HisliterarycontributionandachievementsHenryJameswasavoluminouswriter.Hiswholelifewasalongcareerofcontinualfertileproductivity.hismainworksRoderickHudson(1875)罗德里克赫
3、德森TheBostonians(1886)波士顿人TheAmerican(1877)美国人ThePrincessCasamassima(1886)卡萨玛西玛公主DaisyMiller(1878)戴茜米勒GuyDomville(play,1895)盖伊汤姆威尔TheEuropeans(1878)欧洲人TheTurnoftheScrew(1898)碧庐冤孽ThePortraitofaLady(1881)贵妇的肖像TheAmbassadors(1903)大使(或译：奉使记)WashingtonSquare(1881)华盛顿广场TheWingsoftheDove(1902)鸽之翼ALittleTour
4、inFrance(1884)法国掠影TheGoldenBowl(1904)金碗HewasinfluencedbysomeEnglish,EuropeanandAmericanwriters.TheoneAmericanauthorwhoexertedagreatinfluenceonJamesisHawthorne,whoseinsightintothehumanpsycheimpressedtheyoungerwriterdeeply.HawthorneHewasdeeplyinterestedinthecontrastbetweentheoldworldandthenewone.There
5、salwaysan“internationaltheme”inhisworks.HelikestocomparetheAmericawiththeEurope.ThetypicalAmericansinJames:fresh,enthusiastic,eagertolearn,andbasically“good”,disregardoftheconventions,standformoralityTheEuropeansinJames:highlycultivated,elegantinmanners,butsophisticated.standformannersThemostimporta
6、ntideasheldbyJamesAimofnovelistorepresentlife(realism,moredetailsinThe Art of Fiction);Theaimofthenovelistoliftuppeoplesheart,andtobringpatternandmeaningoutoflife.InhiswholewritingcareerJameswasconcernedwith“pointofview”whichisatthecenterofhisaestheticofthenovel.Tocorrespondtolifetheauthorshouldavoi
7、dartificialomniscienceasmuchaspossible.Jamesusedaparticularmethodoftellingthestory,thatis,illuminationofthesituationandcharactersthroughoneorseveralmindsinsteadofbeingomniscient.Thismethodhetermed“pointofview.”LikeHawthorne,Jamesalsoattachedimportancetotheinnerworld.Hespentalotinexaminingandrevealin
8、gtheinnerawarenessandinwardmovementsofhischaractersinfaceofoutsideoccurrencesratherthanmerelysketchingtheirenvironmentinanydetail.Jamesbecameprobablythefirstofthemodernpsychologicalanalystsinthenovelandanticipatedinhisworksthemodernstreamofconsciousnesstechniquesowidelyemployedinthefirstdecadesofthe
9、20thcentury.Hewasoneofthethreeadvocatesof19thcenturyAmericanrealism.TheothertwobeingHowellsandMarkTwain.Abriefintroductionto The Portrait of a Lady Heroine：IsabelArcher,fromAlbany,NewYorkLydiaTouchett,hermaternalauntLydiasrichhusbandDanielnearLondonhercousinRalphTouchett,afriendlyinvalidtheTouchetts
10、robustneighbor,LordWarburtonIsabeldeclinesWarburtonsproposalofmarriageSherejectsthehandofCasparGoodwood,thecharismaticsonandheirofawealthyBostonmillownerleavesmuchofhisestatetoIsabeluponhisdeathtravelstheContinentandmeetsanAmericanexpatriateGilbertOsmondinFlorencesheacceptsOsmondsproposalofmarriagep
11、romotedbytheaccomplishedbutuntrustworthyMadameMerle,anotherAmericanexpatriatesettleinRomesoursduetoOsmondsoverwhelmingegotismandhislackofgenuineaffectionforhiswifePansy,Osmondspresumeddaughter,wantstograntherwishtomarryEdwardRosier,ayoungartcollectorsnobbishOsmondwouldratherthatPansyaccepttheproposa
12、lofWarburtonIsabelsuspects,thatWarburtonmayjustbefeigninginterestinPansytogetclosetoIsabelagainlearnsthatRalphisdyinginEnglandandpreparestogotohimforhisfinalhours,butOsmondselfishlyopposesthisplanMeanwhile,IsabellearnsthatPansyisactuallythedaughterofMadameMerle,whohadanadulterousrelationshipwithOsmo
13、ndforseveralyearsIsabelpaysafinalvisittoPansywhodesperatelybegshertoreturnsomedaywithouttellingherspitefulhusband,tocomfortthedyingRalphinEngland,wheresheremainsuntilhisdeathGoodwoodencountersheratRalphsestateandbegshertoleaveOsmondandcomeawaywithhim.Hepassionatelyembracesandkissesher,butIsabelflees
14、Goodwoodseeksheroutthenextday,butistoldshehassetoffagainforRomecharacteristic characteristic analysisanalysisThe main characters :The main characters :IsabelArcherRalphOsmondMadameMerleIsabelArcher1. . Contempt secular and moneyContempt secular and moneyshe refuses two mens proposal of marriage, one
15、 is Warburton who is a noble, another is Goodwood who is a merchant prince. 2. Seek freedom and independence. Seek freedom and independence she believes that everyone should make choices by themselves, even though their decision is wrong. Isabel like to be independent from others, so she never accep
16、t others advice and proposal. On the one hand, this kind of thought reflects her intelligence and good culture. On the other hand, it misleads her and give her an unfortunate life.3. Erudition(3. Erudition(博学博学) and the pursuit of truth) and the pursuit of truth She has a good knowledge of literatur
17、e and new thoughts. As a result of it, she prefers the spiritual wealth to the money and social status. That is the reason why she refuses two rich men and marries Osmond who is an poor artist. 4. Innocent and confidentInnocent and confident Isabel firmly believes that she can create her life with h
18、er own mind and decision. So she takes no notice of others. She doesnt know the scheme of Osmond and Merle until she marries Osmond. 5. Brave and responsible5. Brave and responsible After her marriage, she finds the scheme of Osmond. Madame Merle is the lover of Osmond, they want to swindle her mone
19、y. She lives a very miserable life with Osmond, but she never flees. In the end of the novel she returns to her husband. 6.Indulge in fancy6.Indulge in fancy Isabel lacks the sense of realism, she regards herself as a perfect woman. Her thoughts are romantic so that she thinks Osmond is consummate.
20、7. The contradiction of her character7. The contradiction of her characterAdvocate freedom intelligent love Isabels pursuit of freedom is just a kind of thought, but in real life she is pessimistic and negative. Even if Osmonds marriage is a lie, she dont want to change or to create a new life. In a
21、ddition, she likes Platonic love and fears the material love. She is an ignorant lady because she is too intelligent , so she deliberates everything , which give her many wrong judgments. IgnorantPessimisticfearRalphRalph Ralph is the Isabels cousin, who has an incurable disease. He loves Isabel and
22、 cares for her all the time. Ralph is an honest, kind, and also has a sense of humorous. OsmondOsmond Osmond is an poor and superficial artist, he uses contemptible way to get Isabel because he want Isabels wealth. In addition, he regards Isabel as a work of art, which he likes to appreciate. In a w
23、ord, Osmond is selfish and ruthless. Madame merleMadame merle She is a sophisticated, malicious and smart European lady. She represents the traditional and sophisticated European social. As the mistress of Osmond, money is the only thing they want. In this novel, Henry James use psychological In thi
24、s novel, Henry James use psychological analysis method and Isabelcentered depictive analysis method and Isabelcentered depictive way to mould a series of roles. All of these way to mould a series of roles. All of these person are vivid and have different characters. person are vivid and have differe
25、nt characters. Such as the businessmanGoodwood, the European Such as the businessmanGoodwood, the European nobleWarburton, and an American nobleWarburton, and an American journalistTo learn about them, you need read journalistTo learn about them, you need read the book carefully. Only in this way can you the book carefully. Only in this way can you understand their different character and their understand their different character and their thoughts.thoughts.Thank you部分资料从网络收集整理而来，供大家参考，感谢您的关注！
