《（课程标准卷地区专用）高英语二轮复习 专题限时训练(三十七) 科普知识型阅读理解配套作业(一)（解析版）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（课程标准卷地区专用）高英语二轮复习 专题限时训练(三十七) 科普知识型阅读理解配套作业(一)（解析版）（7页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、专题限时训练(三十七)科普知识型阅读理解(一)(限时：25分钟)(一)Traffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic now.They are not, however, perfect. Drivers exchange the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for a pattern of stopgo movement that can still be annoying, and which burns more fuel than a smooth p
2、assage would.Creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicles speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green.That is theoretically possible, but practically hard.Roadside signs wired to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing
3、, but such signs are expensive, and are not widespread.Margaret Martonosi and Emmanouil Koukoumidis at Princeton University, and LiShiuan Peh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, however, have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective.Instead of a hardwired network of s
4、igns, they propose to use mobilephone applications.For a driver to benefit, he must load the teams software, named SignalGuru, into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his cars windscreen, with the camera lens (镜头) pointing forward.SignalGuru is designed to detect
5、traffic lights and track their status as red, yellow or green.It broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, andif there are enough of them, the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around town.Using this information, SignalGuru i
6、s able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.Tests in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in Singapore, where eight drivers were asked to
7、 follow one of two routes for 30 minutes, revealed that SignalGuru was capable of predicting trafficlight activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively, in the two cities.This was particularly impressive because in Cambridge the lights shifted, roughly halfway through the test, from thei
8、r unbusy schedule to their afternoontraffic schedule, while in Singapore lights are adaptive, using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change.In neither case was SignalGuru fooled.Fuel consumption fell, tooby about 20%.SignalGuru thu
9、s reduces both annoyance and fuel use, and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience.1Roadside signs wired to traffic lights are not the best way to create a smooth passage because _，Athey are expensive and easily breakBthey are too costly and not widely usedCthey are co
10、mplex and confusing to driversDthey are theoretically possible but practically useless2SignalGuru is an application used on _.Aa camera Ba computerCa mobile phone Da GPS system in ones car3With the information it collects and processes, SignalGuru is able to _.Ahelp drivers avoid traffic accidentsBa
11、llow drivers to adjust their speedCchange the traffic lights in advanceDsend information to all cell phones4The tests in Cambridge and Singapore were impressive because SignalGuru _.Aproved to be unreliableBoperated at a high speedCfunctioned rather stablyDunderstood driversschedules(二) Have you eve
12、r wondered why stems(茎)grow upwards and roots downwards? Why plants always seem to turn towards the light and climbing plants run up rather than down? The answer is simple: auxin(生长素), a chemical substance that controls growth in plants. Auxin gives away its secretsAuxin is a plant hormone(激素). Darw
13、in was already interested in it in the 19th century. Only in recent years, however, has the hormone started to give away its secrets, thanks to intensive molecular research. Auxin is produced in the young, growing parts of plants and then transported throughout the plantto a lowlying stem for exampl
14、e. The stem needs to straighten out as soon as possible to be able to absorb the topside, resulting in the underside growing faster and the stem straightening out. For the same reason, plants in front of windows will always turn to the light. This active regulation of auxin transport allows plants t
15、o take ideal advantage of local and changing conditions. A new means of transport for auxin The transport of auxin through the plant plays a vital role. And, from all appearances, it is not a simple matter. The researchers identified an important new link and means of transport for auxin: PILS prote
16、ins (蛋白质). PILS proteins are vital for auxindependent plant growth and adjust the intracellular(细胞内的)storage of the hormone. It is exactly this compartmentalizing (分类) of auxin that seems functionally important for the various developmental processes. Growing crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin in the righ
