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1、自考自考 英语（二）英语（二）English Level 2 for Self-taught Higher Education Examinations 493981636English Level 2 Unit TenOde to Public TransportEnglish Level 2 Unit TenOde to Public Transportode d a poem that speaks to a person or thing or celebrates a special event 颂诗；颂歌颂诗；颂歌Keatss Ode to a Nightingale 济慈的济慈的
2、夜莺颂夜莺颂transportation trnsp:ten 不可数名词不可数名词 = transportthe transportation industry运输业运输业English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationA US Congressman once proclaimed that, There can be no doubt that the transportation sector is the most critical sector of our economy. 一位美国国会议员曾经说过，一
3、位美国国会议员曾经说过，“毋庸置疑，交通业毋庸置疑，交通业是我们经济中的支柱行业。是我们经济中的支柱行业。”English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationCongressman kgrsmn n. 国会议员国会议员proclaim prklem verbto publicly and officially tell people about sth important 宣布；宣告；声明宣布；宣告；声明The charter proclaimed that all states would have their o
4、wn government.宪章规定，各州皆允建立各自的政府。宪章规定，各州皆允建立各自的政府。sector sekt(r) nouna part of an area of activity, especially of a countrys economy （尤指一国经济的）部门，领域，行业（尤指一国经济的）部门，领域，行业the manufacturing sector制造业制造业English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationcritical krtkl adj.= crucial extremely im
5、portant because a future situation will be affected by it 极重要的；关键的；至关紧要的极重要的；关键的；至关紧要的a critical factor in the election campaign竞选活动的关键因素竞选活动的关键因素English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationI know exactly what he means.（承上启下（承上启下句）句）In this day and age, access to transportation i
6、s considered a necessity.我很清楚他的意思。在如今这个时代，交通我很清楚他的意思。在如今这个时代，交通出行已是生活中必不可少的部分。出行已是生活中必不可少的部分。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationnecessity nsesti 可数名词可数名词 a thing that you must have and cannot manage without 必需的事物；必需品必需的事物；必需品Many people cannot even afford basic necessiti
7、es such as food and clothing.许多人甚至买不起食物和衣服之类的基本必需品。许多人甚至买不起食物和衣服之类的基本必需品。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationPublic transportation is defined as a service that is available for use by the general public. It is a cheaper and environmentally friendly alternative.公共交通被定义为能为大
8、众所使用的一种服务。它公共交通被定义为能为大众所使用的一种服务。它是一种相对便宜并且对环境有利的出行方式。是一种相对便宜并且对环境有利的出行方式。alternative :lt:ntv noun a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more possibilities 可供选择的事物可供选择的事物You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一
9、。你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationIt is not a transportation service that you can arrange privately to suit your own personal convenience (although you may, to a certain extent, such as paying for a cabin or suite on a train or ship) 公共交通不
10、是那种根据个人需求而随意安排的交通公共交通不是那种根据个人需求而随意安排的交通服务服务(虽然在某种程度上也可以这样做，比如说你虽然在某种程度上也可以这样做，比如说你可以付钱包下火车或船上的一个包厢可以付钱包下火车或船上的一个包厢)，English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationIt is not a transportation service that you can arrange privately to suit your own personal convenience (although you ma
11、y, to a certain extent, such as paying for a cabin or suite on a train or ship) 公共交通不是那种根据个人需求而随意安排的交通公共交通不是那种根据个人需求而随意安排的交通服务服务(虽然在某种程度上也可以这样做，比如说你虽然在某种程度上也可以这样做，比如说你可以付钱包下火车或船上的一个包厢可以付钱包下火车或船上的一个包厢)，English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationarrange rend verbto plan or organiz
12、e sth in advance 安排；筹备安排；筹备Can I arrange an appointment for Monday?我可以安排星期一约见吗？我可以安排星期一约见吗？privately pravtl adv. 私下地，不公开地私下地，不公开地; 私自私自; a privately owned company 私营公司私营公司cabin kbn a small room on a ship in which you live or sleep （轮船上工作或生活的）隔间（轮船上工作或生活的）隔间suite swi:t a set of rooms, especially in a
13、 hotel （尤（尤指旅馆的）一套房间，套房指旅馆的）一套房间，套房a hotel/private/honeymoon suite旅馆旅馆 / 私人私人 / 蜜月套房蜜月套房English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationsince you have to consider other passengers who are riding and making similar arrangements with you.因为你需要考虑那些和你一起并和你做相似安排的因为你需要考虑那些和你一起并和你做相似安排的其他乘客
14、们。其他乘客们。ride rad usually + 副词或介词短语副词或介词短语 to travel in a vehicle, especially as a passenger 搭乘；乘坐搭乘；乘坐She rode the bus to school every day.她每天乘公共汽车去上学。她每天乘公共汽车去上学。to ride the subway/an elevator, etc.乘地铁、电梯等乘地铁、电梯等English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationI have experienced firs
15、t-hand how important public transportation is.公共交通有多重要，我亲自经历过，所以深公共交通有多重要，我亲自经历过，所以深有体会。有体会。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationI live in Saipan, a US territory and the closest things we have to public transportation are tourist and school buses. You have to have your own
16、 car or bike, rent a car, or pay upfront for a taxi to go from point A to point B.我住在美国塞班，在那里只有游客公交和学生公交我住在美国塞班，在那里只有游客公交和学生公交这种公共交通工具。你不得不拥有自己的私家车或这种公共交通工具。你不得不拥有自己的私家车或者自行车，或者租一辆汽车，或者付费搭乘的士从者自行车，或者租一辆汽车，或者付费搭乘的士从一个地方到另一个地方一个地方到另一个地方。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationt
17、erritory tertri noun a country or an area that is part of the US, Australia or Canada but is not a state or province （美国）准州；（美国）准州；（澳大利亚）地区；（加拿大）地区（澳大利亚）地区；（加拿大）地区Guam and American Samoa are US territories.关岛和美属萨摩亚是美国的准州。关岛和美属萨摩亚是美国的准州。upfront pfrnt adj.paid in advance, before other payments are mad
18、e 预预付的；预交的付的；预交的There will be an upfront fee of 4%.将收取将收取4%的预付费。的预付费。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationOtherwise you end up basked（使沐浴）（使沐浴）in sweat and sunburn traveling to work every day. When I first came here, I walked. I walked going to and from work. I walked to t
19、he store and lugged（使劲拉）（使劲拉）my heavy groceries back to the house. 否则你就只能每天走去工作，太阳当空，大汗淋漓。否则你就只能每天走去工作，太阳当空，大汗淋漓。当我刚来这里的时候，去哪儿我都步行，我步行上当我刚来这里的时候，去哪儿我都步行，我步行上下班，步行去商店，然后徒步拖着大包小包的东西下班，步行去商店，然后徒步拖着大包小包的东西回家。回家。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationbask b:sk (in sth) to enjoy s
20、itting or lying in the heat or light of sth, especially the sun 晒太阳；取暖晒太阳；取暖We sat basking in the warm sunshine.我们坐着享受温暖的阳光。我们坐着享受温暖的阳光。 bask in sthto enjoy the good feelings that you have when other people praise or admire you, or when they give you a lot of attention 沉浸，沐浴（在赞美、关注等中）沉浸，沐浴（在赞美、关注等中）
21、He had always basked in his parents attention.他一直沉浸在父母的呵护中。他一直沉浸在父母的呵护中。sunburn snb:n 不可数名词不可数名词 the condition of having painful red skin because you have spent too much time in the sun 晒斑；晒伤晒斑；晒伤English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationlug lg 动词动词 + 名词短语名词短语, + 副词或介词短语副词或介词短语
22、(informal) to carry or drag sth heavy with a lot of effort 吃力地搬运；用力拖；使劲拉吃力地搬运；用力拖；使劲拉I had to lug my bags up to the fourth floor.我只得费劲地把我的几个包拖上五楼。我只得费劲地把我的几个包拖上五楼。 grocery grsri 复数复数 food and other goods sold by a grocer or at a supermarket 食品杂货食品杂货English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public T
23、ransportationI walked to church and I barely got to go to places farther than a twenty-mile radius from my house since I did not own a car then, and I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time.我步行去教堂，由于没有小汽车，而且租辆小车或我步行去教堂，由于没有小汽车，
24、而且租辆小车或者打的对于当时我这样一个年轻的单身妈妈来说是者打的对于当时我这样一个年轻的单身妈妈来说是笔不小的开支，所以我很少去离家超过笔不小的开支，所以我很少去离家超过20英里远英里远的地方。的地方。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationbarely beli adv. in a way that almost does not happen or exist 几乎不；几乎没有几乎不；几乎没有She barely acknowledged his presence.她只略微向他打了个招呼。她只略微向他打
25、了个招呼。radius redis round area that covers the distance mentioned from a central point 半径范围；周围半径范围；周围They deliver to within a 5-mile radius of the store.他们在距离商场他们在距离商场5英里的范围内送货上门。英里的范围内送货上门。expense kspens nounmoney spent in doing a particular job, or for a particular purpose 开支；花费；费用开支；花费；费用living/hou
26、sehold/medical/legal, etc. expenses生活费用；家庭开支；医疗、律师等费用生活费用；家庭开支；医疗、律师等费用English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationFor me, public transportation is very important because of the following reasons:于我而言，公共交通非常重要，主要是因为以下几于我而言，公共交通非常重要，主要是因为以下几个原因：个原因：1. It saves money.1节约开支节约开支Engli
27、sh Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationAccording to research done by the American Public Transportation Association（美国公交（美国公交协会）协会）, individuals can save up to $9,515 annually by parking their cars at home and using public transportation instead.根据美国公共交通协会的一项研究，如果把车停在根据美国公共交通协会的一
28、项研究，如果把车停在家里而使用公共交通工具，每个人每年可以节省家里而使用公共交通工具，每个人每年可以节省9515美元。美元。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationindividual ndvdul nouna person considered separately rather than as part of a group 个人个人The competition is open to both teams and individuals.团队和个人均可参加比赛。团队和个人均可参加比赛。annually
29、 njuli adv.once a year 一年一次地一年一次地The exhibition is held annually.这个展览每年举行一次。这个展览每年举行一次。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationIn this economy, saving money has become a main concern in most households. With the rising prices of fuel and other vehicle-related expenses, doing
30、the public commute（通勤）（通勤） to work and school certainly saves money.在如今的经济形势下，如何攒钱已成为大部分家庭在如今的经济形势下，如何攒钱已成为大部分家庭关注的主要问题。随着油费的不断上涨和其他与车关注的主要问题。随着油费的不断上涨和其他与车辆相关的开销日益增大，使用公共交通上下班和去辆相关的开销日益增大，使用公共交通上下班和去学校毫无疑问能节省很多钱。学校毫无疑问能节省很多钱。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationhousehold
31、hashld noun all the people living together in a house 一家人；家庭；同住一所房子的人一家人；家庭；同住一所房子的人Most households now own at least one car.大多数家庭现在至少有一辆汽车。大多数家庭现在至少有一辆汽车。vehicle vi:kl noun a thing that is used for transporting people or goods from one place to another, such as a car or lorry/truck 交通工具；车交通工具；车辆辆mo
32、tor vehicles (= cars, buses, lorries/trucks, etc.)机动车辆机动车辆commute kmju:t the journey that a person makes when they commute to work 上下班路程上下班路程a two-hour commute into downtown Washington去华盛顿中心区两小时的上下班路程去华盛顿中心区两小时的上下班路程English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportation2. It helps the envi
33、ronment.2有利于环境有利于环境When you switch from driving your car to taking public transport, you are reducing your carbon footprint（碳足迹；碳排放量）（碳足迹；碳排放量）and making a great step forward in saving the environment.当放弃开小车而改乘公共交通工具时，你正在减少当放弃开小车而改乘公共交通工具时，你正在减少二氧化碳的排放量并为拯救地球环境而贡献自己的二氧化碳的排放量并为拯救地球环境而贡献自己的力量。力量。Engli
34、sh Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationswitch swt verb (sth) (over) (from sth) (to sth) | (between A and B) to change or make sth change from one thing to another （使）（使）改变，转变，突变改变，转变，突变Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen.按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文
35、件之间进行切换。carbon k:bn 不可数名词不可数名词 (symbol C) achemicalelement.碳碳carbon fibre 碳纤维碳纤维footprint ftprnt nounthe amount of space that sth fills, for example the amount of space that a computer takes up on a desk （某物所占的）空间（某物所占的）空间量，面积量，面积English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationThe en
36、vironmental costs of individuals using their cars every day have done massive damage to the environment and if the majority or all individuals like you and me use public transport instead, think of what good we could do for the environment.开私家车出行对环境造成极大的破坏，如果大多数开私家车出行对环境造成极大的破坏，如果大多数人都能像你我这样使用公共交通工具
37、的话，那么我人都能像你我这样使用公共交通工具的话，那么我们的环境就会好多了。们的环境就会好多了。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationmassive msv adjextremely large or serious 巨大的；非常严重的巨大的；非常严重的The explosion made a massive hole in the ground.爆炸在地面留下了一个巨大的坑。爆炸在地面留下了一个巨大的坑。majority mdrti 单数名词单数名词 +单数单数/复数复数 动词动词 (of sb/sth
38、) the largest part of a group of people or things 大部分；大多数大部分；大多数The majority was/were in favour of banning smoking .大多数人支持禁烟。大多数人支持禁烟。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportation3. It will wean（使戒除）（使戒除）us out of energy dependence. 3逐步减少对能源的依赖逐步减少对能源的依赖English Level 2 Text A : Th
39、e Importance of Public Transportationwean wi:n 动词动词 + 名词短语名词短语 sb/sth (off/from sth) （婴儿或动（婴儿或动物幼崽）断奶物幼崽）断奶wean sb off/from sthto make sb gradually stop doing or using sth 使逐渐戒除恶习使逐渐戒除恶习（或避免依赖（或避免依赖）The doctor tried to wean her off sleeping pills.医生设法使她逐渐停止服用安眠药片。医生设法使她逐渐停止服用安眠药片。dependence dpendns
40、(on/upon sb/sth) the state of needing the help and support of sb/sth in order to survive or be successful （生存或成功必（生存或成功必需的）依靠，依赖，依存需的）依靠，依赖，依存the dependence of Europe on imported foods欧洲对进口食物的依赖欧洲对进口食物的依赖English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationAccording to a paper made by Dr.
41、 Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Claude Comtois, transportation accounts for（占比例；解释）（占比例；解释）approximately 25% of world energy demand and for more than 62% of all the oil used each year. 根据根据JeanPaul Rodrigue和和claude comtois博博士所写的一篇文章，交通所耗费的能源大概占世界士所写的一篇文章，交通所耗费的能源大概占世界能源需求的能源需求的25，每年的耗油量超过，每年的耗油量超过62。Eng
42、lish Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationapproximately prksmtli adv.used to show that sth is almost, but not completely, accurate or correct 大概；大约；约莫大概；大约；约莫The journey took approximately seven hours.旅程大约花了七个小时。旅程大约花了七个小时。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transpor
43、tationNinety-five percent of transportation is almost completely reliant upon petroleum products with the exception of railways using electrical power. 除了铁路使用电力外，除了铁路使用电力外，95的交通基本上完全依的交通基本上完全依赖于石油产品。赖于石油产品。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationreliant rlant adj on/upon sb/s
44、th needing sb/sth in order to survive, be successful, etc. 依赖性的；依靠的依赖性的；依靠的The hostel is heavily reliant upon charity.这家收容所在很大程度上依赖赞助。这家收容所在很大程度上依赖赞助。petroleum ptrlim 不可数名词不可数名词 mineral oil that is found under the ground or the sea and is used to produce petrol/gas, paraffin , diesel oil, etc. 石油；原油
45、石油；原油English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationexception ksepn with the exception ofexcept; not including 除除之外；不包括之外；不包括在内在内All his novels are set in Italy with the exception of his last.他的小说除最后一部外全是以意大利为背景。他的小说除最后一部外全是以意大利为背景。without exceptionused to emphasize that the stateme
46、nt you are making is always true and everyone or everything is included 一律；无一律；无一例外一例外All students without exception must take the English examination.所有学生都必须参加英语考试，无一例外。所有学生都必须参加英语考试，无一例外。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationWhile the use of petroleum for other economic s
47、ectors, such as industrial and electricity generation, has remained relatively stable, the growth in oil demand is mainly attributed to the growth in transportation demand.而其他使用石油的经济领域，诸如工业和电力行业而其他使用石油的经济领域，诸如工业和电力行业都保持相对稳定，石油的需求日益增加主要归因于都保持相对稳定，石油的需求日益增加主要归因于交通需求的增长。交通需求的增长。English Level 2 Text A :
48、 The Importance of Public Transportationelectricity lektrsti 不可数名词不可数名词 电；电能电；电能a waste of electricity浪费电浪费电stable stebl adj. firmly fixed; not likely to move, change or fail 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的稳定的；稳固的；牢固的stable prices稳定的价格稳定的价格attribute trbju:t sth to sth to say or believe that sth is the result of a parti
49、cular thing 把把归因于；认为归因于；认为是由于是由于She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.她认为她的成功来自勤劳和一点运气。她认为她的成功来自勤劳和一点运气。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationWhen we strengthen our public transportation services, we are consequently lessening this oil demand and depende
50、nce. It will also motivate us to consider alternative energy and fuel resources.当我们加强公共交通服务时，相应地也在减少对石当我们加强公共交通服务时，相应地也在减少对石油的需求和依赖，这同时也激励我们考虑可替代的油的需求和依赖，这同时也激励我们考虑可替代的能源和燃料资源。能源和燃料资源。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationconsequently knskwntli adv. as a result; therefore 因
51、此；所以因此；所以This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health.这会对农业和食物链造成威胁，由此而危及人的健康。这会对农业和食物链造成威胁，由此而危及人的健康。lessen lesn verbto become or make sth become smaller, weaker, less important, etc. （使）变小，变少，减弱，减轻（使）变小，变少，减弱，减轻to lessen the risk/impact/effect of sth减少某事物
52、的风险减少某事物的风险 / 影响影响 / 效果效果English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportation4. It provides ease and convenience.4为人们提供舒适感和便利为人们提供舒适感和便利Having public transportation definitely eases some of the burdens of people who do not have cars or prefer not to own one.使用公共交通毫无疑问会减轻那些没有车或者不打使用公共交通毫无
53、疑问会减轻那些没有车或者不打算买车的人们的压力。算买车的人们的压力。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationease i:z Noun. the state of feeling relaxed or comfortable without worries, problems or pain 舒适；安逸；自在；舒适；安逸；自在；无忧无虑无忧无虑In his retirement, he lived a life of ease.他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。Verb. to bec
54、ome or to make sth less unpleasant, painful, severe, etc. （使）宽慰；减轻；缓解（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解The plan should ease traffic congestion in the town.这项计划对城里的交通拥挤状况应该有所缓解。这项计划对城里的交通拥挤状况应该有所缓解。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public Transportationdefinitely defntli adv.a way of emphasizing that sth is true a
55、nd that there is no doubt about it 肯定；没问题；当然；确实肯定；没问题；当然；确实I definitely remember sending the letter.我记得这封信肯定发出去了。我记得这封信肯定发出去了。in a way that is certain or that shows that you are certain 确切地；明确地；清楚地确切地；明确地；清楚地The date of the move has not been definitely decided yet (= it may change) .搬迁日期还未完全确定下来。搬迁日
56、期还未完全确定下来。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationThey are provided with choices to use public transport. Public transportation also provides valuable services not just to local inhabitants in the area but to tourists as well. 他们可以选择使用公共交通工具。公共交通不仅为他们可以选择使用公共交通工具。公共交通不仅为当地的居民
57、而且也为游客提供服务。当地的居民而且也为游客提供服务。inhabitant nhbtnt a person or an animal that lives in a particular place （某地的）居民，栖息动物（某地的）居民，栖息动物the oldest inhabitant of the village这个村最老的居民这个村最老的居民English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationWhen a tourist visits a place, which does not have public tr
58、ansportation, their choices are limited and the experience they get is limited, too.当游客来访一个没有公共交通工具的地方，他们的当游客来访一个没有公共交通工具的地方，他们的选择就会受限，他们的旅游经历也会受到相应的限选择就会受限，他们的旅游经历也会受到相应的限制。制。English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationAll in all, public transportation improves our way of life,
59、strengthens the community, provides new jobs for the public and gives us a cleaner environment.总而言之，公共交通改善我们的生活，加强社区之总而言之，公共交通改善我们的生活，加强社区之间的联系，为公众提供新工作，并且还给予我们一间的联系，为公众提供新工作，并且还给予我们一个更加清洁美好的环境。个更加清洁美好的环境。All in all, it has been a great success. 总的来说总的来说, 非常成功非常成功.English Level 2 Text A : The Importance of Public TransportationPhrases and Expressionsbask in 晒太阳；取暖晒太阳；取暖account for 数量上、比例上占数量上、比例上占be reliant upon 依赖；依靠依赖；依靠be attributed to 把把归因于，认为归因于，认为是由于是由于 attributeto 归因于，归功于归因于，归功于all in all 总的来说，大体而言总的来说，大体而言; 总而言之总而言之; 总之总之; 归根结蒂归根结蒂;
