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1、Session1Inthissessionyouwillbeintroducedtoextendedwritingandinformedabouttheprojectyouwillworkoninthisterm.第1页/共40页第一页，共41页。Extendedwritingatuniversity:Whydostudentswrite?Thereasonswhystudentscarryoutextendedacademicwritingactivitiesmayinclude:todevelopandexpresstheirideas;toprovideevidencetosupport
2、theirideas;todisputeorsupportexistingtheories;todisplayknowledge.第2页/共40页第二页，共41页。Task1:Whatdostudentswrite?EssayExtendedessayorprojectReportThesisDissertationCasestudy第3页/共40页第三页，共41页。Whateverformofextendedwritingstudentsareexpectedtodo,theprocesswillusuallyinvolvethefollowingsteps:-gatheringinform
3、ationfromvarioussources;-organisingthisinformationsothatitappropriatelyanswerstheneedsofthetaskthatthewriterhastocomplete;-planningthetext;-draftingandredraftingthetextuntilitcommunicatestheinformationandideasfullyandclearly.第4页/共40页第四页，共41页。Task2:AnalysingthetaskBefore beginning any task, it is imp
4、ortant to analyse the requirements of the task so that you have a very clear idea of your purpose for writing.Consider the following project title:“A survey on college students awareness of environmental protection/copyright protection”Discuss the following with a partner:Look at the project title a
5、bove and highlight the key words/phrases.How is the title framed (e.g. statement/question/heading)?What does the title ask you to do?第5页/共40页第五页，共41页。Task3:ThestagesofwritingaprojectTherearethreestagesinproducinganextendedessayorproject:planning,researchingandwritingup.Ineachofthesestagesthereareanu
6、mberofsmallersteps.Putthestepslistedbelowintotheappropriatestages(Planning,ResearchingorWritingup),inthemostappropriateorder.Writethestepsinfull;donotwritenumbers.Notethatonestepcanplacedintwostages.第6页/共40页第六页，共41页。a)Readthefirstdraft.b)Editthedraft-decideobjectivelywhetheryourideashavebeenexpresse
7、dclearly.c)Thinkofaworkingtitlefortheproject.d)Searchforrelevantjournals/books/informationinthelibraryandontheInternet.e)Writedownthedetailsofyoursources.f)Decideifyouneedtodomorereading.g)Writethecontentspage,bibliography,titlepageandabstract.h)Arrangeatutorialwithyourtutor.i)Dosomereading.j)Decide
8、onatopic.k)Writethefirstcompletedraft.l)Highlight/takenotesofrelevantinformation.m)Planthecontentsindetail.n)Workonestablishingaclearfocus.o)Makearoughoutlineplanofyourideas.p)Checkthatsourcesareavailable/accessible.第7页/共40页第七页，共41页。第8页/共40页第八页，共41页。第9页/共40页第九页，共41页。Task3:StartingProjectWorkonthispr
9、ojectbyansweringthefollowingquestions,whicharegroupedunderthethreebroadheadingsIntroduction,MainbodyandConclusion.Firstreadthequestions.第10页/共40页第十页，共41页。IntroductionWhataretheproblemswearenowfacingintermsofenvironmentalprotection/copyrightprotection?(Backgroundinformation)Whatiscollegestudentsaware
10、nessofenvironmentalprotection/copyrightprotection?(Backgroundinformation)Whatdoyouthinkshouldbedonetodevelopcollegestudentsawareness?Youopiniononthisquestionwillhelpformyour“thesis”-thatisthemainargumentyouwillpresentinyourproject.第11页/共40页第十一页，共41页。MainbodyWhatspecificproblemsarerelatedtocollegestu
11、dentslackofawarenessofenvironmentalprotection/copyrightprotection?Whatevidencecanyoufindforthis?Whatarethepossiblereasonsfortheexistingphenomena?Whatevidencecanyoufindforthis?Whatarethepossiblesolutionstotheproblemsoutlinedabove?Whatevidencecanyoufindtosupportyoursuggestions?第12页/共40页第十二页，共41页。Concl
12、usionBasedontheevidenceyouhavepresentedabove,whateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoraisecollegestudentsawarenessofenvironmentalprotection/copyrightprotection?Doestheevidenceyouputtogetherinthe“mainbody”supportthethesisyouintroducedinyourintroduction?第13页/共40页第十三页，共41页。In the appropriate boxes below, b
13、rainstorm some ideas on the above questions. At the moment, you are only being asked to guess what the answers might be. After this, you will have to carry out the survey and do some reading to find out whether your guesses are correct or not. You will also be reading to find out other ideas about t
14、he topic. This reading stage is one of the most important parts of your work because you will be looking for evidence to support your ideas.Write your initial ideas in the boxes below. You only need to write in note form.第14页/共40页第十四页，共41页。第15页/共40页第十五页，共41页。Session2:DevelopingafocusStepsingettingst
15、arted:ChoosingatopicBrainstormingideasNarrowingthefocusbyaskingyourselfquestionsEstablishingaworkingtitlewhichisflexibleanddevelopmentalChoosingsomeofyoursourcesbylookingatjournals,booksandwebsites第16页/共40页第十六页，共41页。 One way to establish a focus for your topic is to ask yourself questions about the
16、topic. For example, “Tourism” is a very general topic. In order to get specific ideas about this topic, you could ask yourself some specific WH-questions. WH-questions are: Why? Who? What? Where? When? Which? (How?) You may not always ask all these questions.第17页/共40页第十七页，共41页。Forexample:Whyistouris
17、mimportant?Whoisaffectedbytourism?Whatistourism?Wheredoestourismhavemostimpact?Whichcountriesaremostdependentontourism?(Howistourismaffectingnativeculture?)第18页/共40页第十八页，共41页。Task3:Nowmakealistofyourownquestionsforthefollowingtopic,basedontheexampleabove.Copyright Protection in China_第19页/共40页第十九页，共
18、41页。Task3:Herearesomegeneralsubjectschosenbystudents.Howcouldtheybechanged,usingsomeofthequestionsabove,sothateachtopicismorespecificorfocused?womenssocialstatusinChinaBusinessEthicsofFoodindustryLanguageeducationinChineseColleges第20页/共40页第二十页，共41页。Task1:Nowmakealistofyourownquestionsforthefollowing
19、topic,basedontheexampleabove.The Education System of in China_第21页/共40页第二十一页，共41页。Task2:Herearesomegeneralsubjectschosenbystudents.Howcouldtheybechanged,usingsomeofthequestionsabove,sothateachtopicismorespecificorfocused?WaterPollutioninChinaAirPollutioninBigCitiesDeforestationinChina第22页/共40页第二十二页，
20、共41页。EstablishingaworkingtitleAworkingtitleisatitlethatyouinitiallythinkofinordertoestablishafocusforyourresearchandwriting.Asyoureadandbecomemoreinvolvedinthesubjectofyourproject,yourviewpointmaychange.Thisisallpartoftheprocessofdevelopingyourideas,andthuspartfine-tuningyourresearchskills.Youmaydec
21、idetogobackandchangeyourplan,andyourfinaltitlemaydiffersomewhatfromyourworkingtitle.Lookatthefollowingexampleofaworkingtitle,createdbyastudent.第23页/共40页第二十三页，共41页。Pollution and Its Relationship with People and the EnvironmentThe Social and Environmental Impact of PollutionThe Environmental Impact of
22、 Pollution in Urban Areas第24页/共40页第二十四页，共41页。Youhavealreadydonesomereading,researchandthinkingaboutyourproject.Basedonthis,fillinthetableasfaraspossible.Whatisyourtopic?_Keyquestions(Whatdoyouwanttofindoutaboutthistopic?)_Whatisyourfocusand/orworkingtitle?_Thesisstatement_Task3:Planningyourproject第2
23、5页/共40页第二十五页，共41页。Session3:IntroductionsandconclusionsIntroductions:Theintroductionisimportantasthefirstpartofyouressay;itsetsthetoneforthereader,givessomeideaofthecontentandthewritersposition,andsuggestshowthepieceofworkisorganized.Thesearesomeofthekeyfeaturesthatcanbeincludedinanintroduction.Intro
24、ductiontothetopicofyouressayBackgroundinformationaboutyourtopicJustificationforyourchoiceoftopicfocusOutlineofthestructureoftheessayDefinitionofkeytermsrelatedtothetopicThesisstatement(yourviewpointorperspective)Yourpurposeinwritingtheessay第26页/共40页第二十六页，共41页。Task1:StudyanexampleintroductionExample:
25、The Application of Renewable Energy Technology in Remote AreasOut life is heavily dependent on the supply of energy. After World War II, especially, developed countries received the great benefits of electricity. However, today more than 30% of the global population still lives in off-grid areas, wi
26、thout electricity. This is mostly in developing countries or remote parts of developed countries, such as mountainous areas or isolated islands. Economically, it would be very challenging to produce electricity for these areas. As developing countries grow economically, the demand for energy will in
27、crease rapidly, thus adding to the pollution problems caused by fossil fuels. Renewable energy technology is the solution to these problems. This essay will first demonstrate the need for electricity in remote areas, and then the extent to which renewable energy technology can meet this need in remo
28、te areas will be examined by looking at some examples.Where are the folowing factors?Introduction to the topic of your essay；Background information about your topic；Justification for your choice of topic focus；Outline of the structure of the essay；Definition of key terms related to the topic；Thesis
29、statement (your viewpoint or perspective)；Your purpose in writing the essay第27页/共40页第二十七页，共41页。Featuresofintroduction:第28页/共40页第二十八页，共41页。Task2:AnalysingyourintroductionLookattheinstructionforyourownproject.Whichoftheabovefeaturescanyouidentify?第29页/共40页第二十九页，共41页。Conclusions:Theconclusionattheendof
30、youressayservesanumberoffunctions.Itisthefinalpartofyourtextandsoneedstopulltogetherallthemainideas.Itshouldreferbacktowhatyououtlinedinyourintroductionandtoyourthesis.Itisanopportunitytoshowtheextenttowhichyouhavebeenabletodealwiththeissuesinvolvedinyourthesis.Conclusionsmayhavesomeorallofthefollow
31、ingfeatures:第30页/共40页第三十页，共41页。AlogicalconclusionthatisevidentfromthedevelopmentoftheideasinyouressayAbriefsummaryofthemainideasintheessayCommentsontheseideasPredictionsforfuturedevelopmentsofthetopicMentionoffurtherresearchthatmightberequiredLimitationsoftheworkcoveredbyyouressay第31页/共40页第三十一页，共41页
32、。Task3:AnalysingyourconclusionLookattheconclusionofyourownproject.Whichofthefeatures(a-f)abovecanyouidentify?第32页/共40页第三十二页，共41页。Session4:SummaryWritingFeaturesofasummaryWhichofthefeaturesbelowdoyouthinkcharacterizeagoodsummary?UsingthesameorderoffactsandideasastheoriginalUsingalltheinformationfromt
33、heoriginalUsingnoneofthesamevocabularyastheoriginalUsingdifferentgrammaticalstructuresfromtheoriginalEmphasizingthepointsyoufeelareimportantintheoriginalGivingyouropinionaboutorcommentingontheoriginaltext第33页/共40页第三十三页，共41页。StagesinwritingasummaryLookatthefollowingshortextractfromatextonEnvironmenta
34、lProblemsandManagement.Imagineyouhavebeenaskedto:identifythemainpoints;makenotes;writeasummarybasedonyournotes.第34页/共40页第三十四页，共41页。StageOne:Decideonthepurposeforsummarizingtheextract.StateTwo:Underlinethekeypoints.(ThisistheNOTEstageofthesummaryprocess.)第35页/共40页第三十五页，共41页。Interest in the environmen
35、t is not a recentphenomenon;theenvironmenthasalwaysaffectedthe growth and development of humankind, bothasasourceofmaterialsaswellasarefugeforthehumanspirit.Therecentinterestinprotectingtheenvironmentisareflectionofboththedemandofsociety for a better quality of life, which mayincludeusingtheenvironm
36、entasahaven,aswellas the need to replenish sources. The differencebetweenthepresentdayandthepre-1960searisthe extent to which concern for the environmenthas become important; there is much greaterinterest第36页/共40页第三十六页，共41页。StageThree:Makealistofthekeypintsinnoteform,usingyourownwordswhereappropriat
37、e.(ThisistheORGANISEstageofthesummaryprocess.)interestinenv.=notjustrecent:alwaysint.assourceofrawmaterials+refuge“forhumanspirit”reasonsforrecentint.=int.in“betterqualityoflife”+needtoreplenishsourcesofrawmaterialscf.currentint.withpre-1960s=environmentalconcernsnowgivenmorepriority第37页/共40页第三十七页，共
38、41页。StageFour:Writethesummarybasedonyournotes.(ThisistheWRITEstageofthesummaryprocess.)第38页/共40页第三十八页，共41页。Samplesummary:Man has always had an interest in theenvironment both as a source of rawmaterials and as a “refuge for the humanspirit”.Nowadays,thetwomainenvironmental interests are based on the
39、concept of a “better quality of life”, aswellastheneedtoreplenishthesourcesofraw materials. In comparison with the pre-1960s,muchgreaterinterestintheenvironmentiscurrentlybeingexpressed.第39页/共40页第三十九页，共41页。感谢您的观看(gunkn)！第40页/共40页第四十页，共41页。内容(nirng)总结Session 1。to display knowledge.。Features of introduction:。感谢您的观看(gunkn)第四十一页，共41页。
