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1、第四节动词时态和语态第四节动词时态和语态考点分类突破考点分类突破考点十九一般现在时【真题再现】1(2010重庆) The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _ now.A. remainsB. is remainedC. is remaining D. has been remained答案与解析：Aremain是不及物动词，故没有被动语态，排除B、D两项，表示“存在”意义的状态性动词一般不用于进行时，所以此处用一般现在时。2(2010辽宁)I _ al
2、l the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it.A. will do B. doC. am doing D. had done答案与解析：B句意：通常由我来为家人做饭，但是因为最近很忙，所以我没有时间做。第一句是陈述的事实，因此应该用一般现在时。【考点诠释】1基本概念：(1)一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的、现在反复出现的动作或者状态。常与副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually
3、等连用。(2)表示客观事实或者普遍真理。2特殊用法：(1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时，而不用将来时态。(2)时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。考点二十一般过去时【真题再现】1(2010全国)Excuse me. I _ I was blocking your way.A. didnt realize B. dont realizeC. havent realized D. wasnt realizing答案与解析：A根据第二句后半部分的内容可知叙述的是过去的情况，此处表示的是说
4、话之前没有意识到挡住了对方的路，所以用一般过去时。2(2010重庆)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ on the market in 1973.A. had come B. has comeC. came D. comes答案与解析：C主句用现在完成时，since所引导的从句通常用一般过去时。3(2010安徽)Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _.A. was busy B. is busyC. had been busy D. will be bus
5、y答案与解析：Awould have done表示本来要做某事，可是实际上并没有做，是对过去事情的虚拟，所以这里用一般过去时。【考点诠释】1基本概念：表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系。常与yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等表示过去的时间状语连用。2特殊用法：有些情况发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是“刚才、刚刚”发生的，要用一般过去时态。常见的有“I didnt know.”或者“I forgot.”等，
6、表示事先不知道或者不记得，但现在已知道或者记得的事情。这是高考的一个常考点。考点二十一一般将来时【真题再现】(2009江苏)Ann is in hospital.Oh, really？I _ know. I _ go and visit her.A. didnt; am going to B. dont; wouldC. dont; will D. didnt; will答案与解析：D第一空的“不知道”应该是过去不知道，现在已经知道了，要用一般过去时表示，答案在A、D两项中产生。be going to和will都可以表示将来发生的动作，用be going to往往表示计划和打算，而用will则
7、表示临时作出的决定，因此这里选D项。【考点诠释】1基本概念：(1)表示将来会出现的动作或者状态，常与如this evening, tomorrow, next Monday, at the end of this term, in a few minutes等表示将来的时间状语连用。(2)事物的固有属性或者必然趋势。2特殊用法：(1)be going to do 表示“计划、打算、即将做某事”，多用于口语中。也可以表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。(2)be about to do表示“正要做某事，即将做某事”，不与具体的时间状语连用，但可与when引导的从句连用。(3)be to do表示“
8、按计划或者安排要做的事；说话人的意志、意图、职责、命令、义务等；注定要发生的事”。考点二十二现在进行时【真题再现】1(2009江苏)Hi, Torry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry. _.A. Its repairedB. It has been repairedC. Its being repairedD. It had been repaired答案与解析：C由语境及Sorry一词可知这里表示“正在修理”，故用现在进行时。句意：喂，泰锐，今天下午我可以用一下你的电脑吗？对不起，它正在被修理。2(2010北
9、京)Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends _ for us.A. will wait B. waitC. have waited D. are waiting答案与解析：D根据题干内容可知，这里表示的是此时此刻正在进行的动作，即“我们的朋友们正在等着我们”，因此用现在进行时。【考点诠释】1基本概念：表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情；表示长期的或重复的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。2特殊用法：(1)表示渐变，这样的动词有get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。(2)与always,
10、constantly, forever, continually, all the time等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩，表示不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感情色彩。(3)go, come, leave, arrive, return, stop, start, begin, die, lose等动词的现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常常是不易改变的。考点二十三过去进行时【真题再现】1(2010湖南)I walked slowly through the market, where people _ all kinds of fruits and ve
11、getables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.A. sell B. were sellingC. had sold D. have sold答案与解析：B表示过去某个时候正在发生的动作应用过去进行时。句意：我慢慢地在市场里逛，那里人们正在卖各种各样的水果和蔬菜。我仔细察看了一下价格，买了我需要的东西。2(2009山东)I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _.A. was happening B. happenedC. hap
12、pens D. has happened答案与解析：A句意：那时我不在镇上，因此我不知道那时候究竟发生了什么事情。由时间状语at the time以及exactly可知这里强调“当时”正在发生的动作，要用过去进行时表示，故选A项。【考点诠释】1基本概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten oclock yesterday等连用；表示过去某一段时间内持续进行的动作。2考查重点：(1)把过去进行时放在when, while, as等引导的
13、时间状语从句中考查。一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，动作时间长的往往用过去进行时，动作时间短的用一般过去时。(2)把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。考点二十四现在完成时【真题再现】1(2010全国)When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely.A. are arriving B. have arrivedC. had arrived D. will arrive答案与解析：B句意：当你到家时，给我打个电话，好让我知道你平安抵达。由When you are home可知宾语从句中应用现在完成时表示已经发生的动作，因此
14、答案为B项。2(2010北京)Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on October 20.A. hadnt made B. wouldnt makeC. dont make D. havent made答案与解析：D根据题干内容可知，答话者是说自己没有把话说清楚从而导致“对方误解”，即这一动作对现在造成了影响，所以用现在完成时。3(2010山东)Up to now,
15、the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.A. would save B. savesC. had saved D. has saved答案与解析：D由句中的时间状语Up to now“到目前为止”可知，应用现在完成时。4(2010四川)When shall we restart our business?Not until we _ our plan.A. will finish B. are finishingC. are to finish D. have finished答案与解析：D在时间状语从
16、句中，当表示将来完成的意义时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。5(2010浙江)For many years, people _ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed ofC. dreamed of D. dream of答案与解析：B从For many years可知，此处谓语动词用完成时态，排除C项和D项；又因后一句用的是现在时态，故排除A项。据此答案应该选B项“现在完成时态”。【考点诠释】1基本概念：(1)表示动作
17、发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，往往具有因果关系。(2)表示过去发生过一次或者多次的动作，已成为某种经验。(3)表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，只能用于延续性动词，常与for, lately, recently, in the past/last few days, since then, ever since, up to now, so far等时间状语连用。2特殊用法：(1)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时之前已经完成的动作。(2)终止性动词用于现在完成时态的肯定句时，不可与表示“一段时间”的状语连用，但若用于否定句，则可以。(3)用于现在完成时态的固定句式：T
18、his/That/It is the first/second/third.time(that)从句，从句中用现在完成时态；This/That/It is the形容词的最高级名词(that)从句，从句中用现在完成时态。考点二十五现在完成进行时【真题再现】1(2010重庆)Why do you want to work for our company?This is the job that I _ for.A. looked B. am to lookC. had looked D. have been looking答案与解析：D现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，更强调动作
19、的延续性。2(2010江西)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she _ since her marriage to Father.A. shoulders B. shoulderedC. is shouldering D. has been shouldering答案与解析：D句意：母亲想成为一名好的供养人一个自她嫁给父亲以来一直在担任的角色。因为有since而且是动作的延续，所以用现在完成进行时，即she has been shouldering作定语，修饰a role。3(2010辽宁)Joseph _ to evening clas
20、ses since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name ？”in Russian.A. has been going B. wentC. goes D. has gone答案与解析：A句意：从上个月开始，Joseph一直在上夜校学俄语，但是他仍没有学会用俄语说“你叫什么名字？”。根据句意，表示自从过去到现在一直发生的事情且有可能持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选A项。4(2010安徽)Weve spent too much money recently.Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends
21、and relatives_ around all the time.A. are coming B. had comeC. were coming D. have been coming答案与解析：D此处表示的是从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，表示的是动作的延续，故用现在完成进行时。5(2010湖南)Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.A. shopped B. have shoppedC. had shopped D. have been shopping答案与解析：D此处用现
22、在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性。句意：我很疲劳了。我整个下午一直在购物，好像还没有购完。6(2010天津)We _ on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest.A. are working B. have been workingC. worked D. had worked答案与解析：B后面的Lets have a rest说明到现在为止我们一直在工作，应用现在完成进行时表示持续进行的动作。7(2010陕西)I have to see the doctor because I _ a lot lately.A. have been cou
23、ghing B. had coughedC. coughed D. cough答案与解析：A句意：我得去看医生，因为我最近一直咳嗽得很厉害。lately表示“最近”，与现在完成时或现在完成进行时连用，因此答案选A项，此处表示在说话之前一直持续的动作。8(2010浙江)Why, Jack, you look so tired!Well, I _ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A. was painting B. will be paintingC. have painted D. have been painting答案与解析：D答话
24、人叙述的是现在的事实，再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子，而且还要持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。【考点诠释】1基本概念：现在完成进行时是由“have/has been现在分词”构成，表示过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且现在还在进行。它具备“未完成性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。2与现在完成时的区别：(1)现在完成时强调的是动作已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作仍在继续，强调动作的持续性。(2)有些延续性动词，如：live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等用现在完成时与现在完成进行时时差别不大。3
25、一般不能用于现在完成进行时的常见动词有：(1)短暂动作类：finish, marry, get up, come, go等。(2)感觉类：hate, love, fear, like, want, wish, prefer, refuse, forgive等。(3)感官类：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, look, seem, appear等。(4)存在类：be, exist, remain, stay, obtain等。(5)占有、从属类：have, possess, own, contain, belong, consist of等。(6)认知
26、类：understand, know, believe, think, doubt, forget, remember等。考点二十六过去完成时【真题再现】1(2010安徽)Were you surprised by the ending of the film?No. I _ the book, so I already knew the story.A. was reading B. had readC. am reading D. have read答案与解析：B问句用的是一般过去时，答语的意思是在此之前已经读过了这本书，所以用过去完成时。2(2010湖南)I was just going
27、 to cut my rose bushes but someone _ it. Was it you?A. has done B. had doneC. would do D. will do答案与解析：Bdo的动作发生在was just going to cut my rose bushes之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。句意：我刚刚打算要修剪玫瑰花丛，但有人已做了。是你吗？3(2010北京)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me.A. had done B. d
28、idC. would do D. were doing答案与解析：A根据题干内容可知，do这个动作发生在句中took这个过去动作之前，即是“过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时。4(2010江苏)Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We _ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.A. were B. have beenC. had been D. will be答案与解析：C结合问句中的时态以及答语后半句中的时态可知答语前
29、半句表示的是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。【考点诠释】1基本概念：表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已发生的动作，也可以表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或者状态一直延续到过去的另一时间。常与by then, by that time, until, by the end of, before 2000, by the time句子等时间状语连用。如果两个动作紧接着发生，只用一般过去时，特别是包含after, before, as soon as等连词的复合句中，但也可以使用过去完成时态。2特殊用法：(1)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/in
30、tended/thought/wanted/expected等或者用上述动词的过去式动词不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned.to have done。(2)“时间名词before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词ago”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。(3)hardly/scarcely.when., no sooner. than.句型中，主句中用过去完成时，从句中用一般过去时。(4)It was一段时间since从句，从句中用过去完成时态。(5)This/That/It was the first time/second. timethat从句，从句中用过
31、去完成时态。考点二十七过去将来时【真题再现】(2009湖南)When he _ the door, he found his keys were nowhere.A. would open B. openedC. had opened D. was to open答案与解析：D句意：当他想开门的时候，他发现他的钥匙不在了。这里用be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，故选D项。【考点诠释】1基本概念过去将来时表示过去将要发生的动作。2表示方法：(1)would do, was/were going to do sth.表过去将来；(2)come, go, leave等动词的过
32、去进行时表过去将来时；(3)was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表过去将来。考点二十八将来进行时【真题再现】1(2010福建)Guess what, weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer.How nice！You _ a different culture then.A. will be experiencing B. have experiencedC. have been experiencing D. will have experienced答案
33、与解析：A句意：你猜怎么了，我们获得了这个夏天到英国短期旅游的签证。太好了，那你到时就可以体验一种不同的文化了。显然应用将来时，而且是将来一段时间内的动作，不侧重完成，故答案为A项。2(2010浙江)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ fresh watermelon in the fall.A. eat B. would eatC. have eaten D. will be eating答案与解析：D从if条件句中谓语动词的时态可以知道，主句应该用将来时态，故排除A、B和C项。D项是将来进行时态，强调“将来某个时刻正在进行的
34、动作”，符合句意和语法。【考点诠释】将来进行时表示将来某个时间点或时间段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。考点二十九被动语态【真题再现】1(2010全国)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A. is made B. would makeC. was to be made D. had made答案与解析：C句意：(他们)在澳大利亚发现了金子，这使成千上万的人相信他们就要发财了。主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，因此believe后的宾语从句中谓语动词用过去将来时表示过去即将发生的动作。短
35、语make a fortune意为“赚大钱”，结合句意，此处应用被动语态，因此答案为C项。2(2010全国)Linda, make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.A. be set B. setC. are set D. are setting答案与解析：C在make sure后的宾语从句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时，且the tables与set之间是动宾关系。故选C项。3(2010湖南)This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.A. was named B. n
36、amedC. is named D. names答案与解析：A根据时间状语last year可知此处应用一般过去时。主语This coastal area和name之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态形式。句意：这个海滨地区去年被命名为国家野生动物保护区。4(2010福建)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they _ before leaving their hometowns.A. promised B. were promisedC. have promised D. have b
37、een promised答案与解析：D句意：每年都有大批农民到深圳打工赚钱，在离开家乡之前他们已被承诺可以获得这些工作机会。本句中含有定语从句，修饰jobs。promise sb. sth.“答应某人某事”，此处应用被动语态，并且动作发生在主句中的动作发生之前，应选D项。5(2010四川)Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.A. will expect B. will be expectedC. expected D. were expected答案与解析：D由句意“你没有达到期望”
38、可知，宾语从句中用一般过去时；从句中的主语you是动词expect的承受者，故谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态。6(2010北京)In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _.Aare dropped BdropCare being dropped Dhave dropped答案与解析：A句意：在美国一些地方的口语中，“r”这个音在单词结尾被省略了。动词drop与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用被动语态，由此可以排除B、D两项。另外，这里描述一种现象，因此用一般现在时。【考点诠释】被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词“构成。英语中最常用的被动语态有十种，各种时态的被动语态的构成如下表(以do为例)：一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式现在时现在时am/is/are doneam/is/are being donehas/havebeen done过去时过去时was/were donewas/were being donehad beendone将来时将来时shall/will be donewill/shallhave beendone过去将过去将来时来时should/wouldbe doneshould/would have been done
