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1、专题十二 构词法1.概念：构词法是指研究词形变化规则的方法。2.分类：合成法、转化法、派生法、缩写法和简写法。 考点归纳考点归纳考点一：合成法考点一：合成法 合成法就是把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成新词的方法。用此法构成的词叫复合词。复合词主要包括复合名词、复合代词、复合形容词和复合副词等。1复合名词：(1)名词+动词headache，daybreak(2)动词+名词playground，postcard(3)名词+名词basketball，classroom(4)形容词+名词blackboard，grandfather(5)动名词+名词waiting-room，sitting-r
2、oom 考点梳理考点梳理2复合代词：(1) some (any，every，no) +body：somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody(2)some (any，every，no) +thing：something，anything，everything，nothing3复合形容词有：man-made，kind-hearted，hard-working4复合副词有：upstairs，downstairs，everywhere，maybe等 。另外，复合动词有understand，复合介词有without等。 考点梳理考点梳理1. Please follow the c
3、lass rule. Dont eat in the . A. classroom B. living room C. bedroom D. dining hall2. Did you do for your mother on her birthday? A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 考点自测考点自测AD考点二：考点二：转化法化法转化法就是将某些单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词方法。词性转化有以下几种情况：1名词动词如：Theres a lot of rain in this country. 这个国家多雨。 Its
4、still raining now. 现在还在下雨。2动词名词如：What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么？ There will be a talk next week. 下周会有一场演讲。3形容词动词如：The classroom is not clean. 教室不干净。 You must clean it tomorrow. 你明天必须打扫。 考点梳理考点梳理1. The Great Wall is more than 6, 000 li in . A. long B. length C. wide D. height2. Does it often her
5、e in winter? Yes, there is much . A. snow；snowy B. snowing；snowy C. snows；snowing D. snow；snow 考点自测考点自测BD 考点梳理考点梳理考点三：派生法考点三：派生法 派生法就是将前，后缀附加到某些词上构成新词的方法。初中英语主要有以下几种前、后缀：前缀前缀例词例词re-retell，returnun-unlike，unusualdis-dislike，disagreeim-impossible，impolitein-incorrect，incompleteir-irregular，irresponsib
6、le后缀后缀例词例词-erworker，teacher-eseChinese，Japanese-ed 或（-d）interested，pleased-fulcareful，forgetful -ingbuilding，surprising-lesscareless，hopeless-lyfriendly，quickly 考点梳理考点梳理-nesshappiness，business-oroperator，inventor-ousdangerous，humorous-tyseventy，ninety-thtenth，eleventh-tionoperation，congratulation-yc
7、loudy，lucky-mentagreement，movement 考点梳理考点梳理（续表） 另外，初中英语由前、后缀构成的新词还有difference，enjoyable，mistake，television，asleep等。1. The soldier died for saving the child, so his is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death2. Its of you to shout at your parents. You shouldnt do like that. A. polite B
8、. kind C. impolite D. friendlyDC 考点自测考点自测考点四：考点四：缩写和写和简写写1. 缩写指把单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。（1）截头telephone phone，aeroplane plane（2）去尾mathematics math (s)，kilogram kilolaboratory lab，examination exam（3）截头去尾influenza flu，refrigerator fridge 考点梳理考点梳理2. 简写指把单词首字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式：各字母分别读；作为一个单词读。very
9、important person VIP，United Kingdom UKthe United States of America the USA，the Peoples Republic of China PRC3. 混合法(混成法)指把两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体,前半部分表示属性。news broadcast newscast 新闻广播television broadcast telecast 电视播送smoke and fog smog 烟雾helicopter airport heliport 直升飞机场 考点梳理考点梳理George Washington is the founder of .A. UK B. the USA C. UN D. PRCB 考点自测考点自测
