《英语四级语法 虚拟语气_外语学习-语法》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语四级语法 虚拟语气_外语学习-语法（11页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、虚拟语气 一一般虚拟条件句 (1) 与现在事实相反 If I were you, I wouldn t worry. If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you. 那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为： 从句：If + 主语 动词过去式(be 变 were) + 主句：主语 would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形 (2) 与过去事实相反 If you had gone to last night s games, you would have met him. If the policeman
2、had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident. 那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是： 从句：If主语过去完成时 主句：主语should ( 或 would,could,might) + 现在完成时 (3) 与将来事实相反 If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs. If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully. - 欢迎
3、下载 2 那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是： 从句：If+主语should ( 或 were to )+ 动词原形 主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。 练习： 1. If this report were more accurate, it _ an invaluable document. A.were B.had been C.will be D.would be (D) 2. I _ in trouble if the police had stopped me. A.were B.would have been C.would be D.had been (B) 3. What would
4、you do if war _ out. A.breaks B.could break C.had broken out D. were to break (D) 二、在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，若有 were, had, should ，可省去 if,将 were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。例如： Should there be a meeting tomorrow, he would tell 形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构练习二在
5、引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用原形动词表示虚拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表- 欢迎下载 3 you. Had it not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much. 练习：
6、1. _before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive (D) 2. Had he worked harder, he_ the exams. A) must have got through B)would have got through C) would get through D)could get th
7、rough (B) 3. _ enter university one day, I would work very hard. A) Would I ever B) Ever would I C) Should I ever D) Ever should I 形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构练习二在引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚
8、拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用原形动词表示虚拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表- 欢迎下载 4 (C) 三. 由 as if /as though引导的从句中用过去时表示对现在虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去事实的虚拟。例如： Sammy looks as though he never got a square meal, but in fact his parents feed him very well.
9、(用过去式表与现在事实相反) He appeared as if he had known nothing about it. (用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实) The old woman held him as if she would never let him go again. (用 would+ 原形动词表与将来事实相反) 练习： 1The American young man speaks Chinese fluently as if he_ a Chinese. A) is B)were C)has been D)had been (B) 2The garden looked
10、as if it_ yesterday. A) wasnt watered B)didnt water C) hasnt watered D)hadnt 形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构练习二在引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用
11、原形动词表示虚拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表- 欢迎下载 5 been watered (D) 四动词 wish 后宾语从句中的虚拟语气 I wish he were here now. She wishes she would always remain young. I wish you had not hurt Jim so much . He is still very depressed. 练习： 1. I wish I_ longer this morning, bu
12、t I had to get up and come to class. A) had slept B)slept C)might have slept D)have slept (A) 2They never have enough resources and they wish they_ more. A) have B)had C)will have D)have had (B) 五在表示建议、命令、要求等动词的后面，其宾语从句的谓语用“should +原形动词”表示虚拟语气，或省形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将
13、来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构练习二在引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用原形动词表示虚拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表- 欢迎下载 6 略 should 表示“要求”的： request, demand, require
14、 表示“提议、劝告、建议”的： propose, suggest, advise 表示“决定、命令”的： order, command 表示“坚持” 的 insist 例如： We insisted that he (should) be present at the ceremony. The director suggested that she (should) study more English before going abroad. 练习： 1My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he_ go th
15、ere. A) not to B)won t C)does not D)not (D) 2Mike s uncle insists_ in this hotel.(00.1) A) staying not B) that he would not stay C) not to stay D) that he not stay (D) 3The job would require that_ at 7oclock every 形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构练习
16、二在引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用原形动词表示虚拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表- 欢迎下载 7 morning. A) he will be at the factory B)he be at the factory C) he was at
17、the factory D)he has been at the factory (B) 六上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气 requirement,advice,order,suggestion,proposal,command其后的从句,也用“should + 原形动词”表示虚拟语气，或省去 should 。例如： The manager s suggestion is that the secretary (should) learn shorthand. 练习: 1. The suggestion that the mayor_ the prizes was accepted by eve
18、ryone. A) would present B)ought to present C)present D)presents (C) 2One of the requirements for a fire is that the material_ to its burning temperature. A) heated B)be heated C)to be heated 形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构练习二在引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚
19、拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用原形动词表示虚拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表- 欢迎下载 8 D)being heated (B) 七、在“It is(was)+ 形容词(或过去分词)that.( 主语从句)”结构中，主语从句的谓语也用“should + 原形动词” 表虚拟语气。或省略
20、should 常用的形容词和过去分词有： 表“要求”的：required, demanded, requested, desired 表“建议”的：suggested 表“迫切、紧迫、重要”的有： necessary, essential , important 表“命令”的:ordered 例如： It is necessary that Frank do away with his bad habit. It is desired that we should get everything ready by tonight. 练习： 1They kept telling us that i
21、t was vital that we_ there on time. A) must be B)were C)be D)would be 形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构练习二在引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用原形动词表示虚
22、拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表- 欢迎下载 9 (C) 2It is necessary that an efficient worker_ his work on time. A) accomplish B)accomplishes C)can accomplish D)has accomplished (A) 八、在“It is(high/about)time + that引导的从句的谓语用一般过去 时 例如：It is high (about,already)time th
23、at we went to bed 练习： Its high time somebody_ his tongue. A) hold B)holds C)held D)should hold (C) 练习（虚拟语气部分） 1. If I _ it was going to cost so much, I wouldn t have bought it. A. had known B. knew C. were to know D. 形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结
24、构练习二在引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用原形动词表示虚拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表- 欢迎下载 10 should have known 2. We cannot imagine what our world _ like without e
25、lectric power. A. is B. will be C. would be D. has been 3. My files are all over the place. I wish I _ a box that I _ them in. A. have, can keep B. have had, can have kept C. will have, will be able to keep D. had, could keep 4. _ in our offer, please contact us. A. If you interested B. If you inter
26、est C. Should you be interested D. Should you interest 5. It is necessary that the car windows _ with these chemicals. A. are to treat B. be treated C. will be treated D. must be treated 6. It was suggested that a new system _ around the car. A. is to fit B. fitted C. will be fitted D. should be fit
27、ted. 7. It was his doctor who advised that he _ his job. A. changed B. change C. would change D. had changed 形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构练习二在引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其
28、宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用原形动词表示虚拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表- 欢迎下载 11 练习答案：1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.B 形与过去事实相反那么虚拟语气过去时的结构是从句主语过去完成时主句主语或现在完成时与将来事实相反那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是从句主语或动词原形主句同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构练习二在引导的虚拟条件句中若有可省示对过去事实的虚拟例如用过去式表与现在事实相反用过去完成式表与过去相反的事实用原形动词表与将来事实相反练习欢迎下载四动词后宾语从句中的虚拟语气练习五在表示建议命令要求等动词的后面其宾语从句的谓语用原形动上述动词的名词形式用虚拟语气其后的从句也用原形动词表示虚拟语气或省去例如练习欢迎下载七在形容词或过去分词主语从句结构中主语从句的谓语也用原形动词表虚拟语气或省略常用的形容词和过去分词有表要求的表建议的表
