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1、高三英语语法总复习训练材料高三英语语法总复习训练材料动词不定式动词不定式一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语一、不定式结构作主语To see one timeTo see one time is better than to hear a hundred timesto hear a hundred times. To persevereTo persevere means victory! 注注注注:在在很很多多情情况况下下,特特别别是是在在口口语语中中,常常采采用用先先行行it代代替替主主语语,而把不定式后置:而把不定式后置: Its a great pleasur
2、e to be hereto be here. It is not an easy thing to master a languageto master a language. 注注注注:这这种种后后置置不不定定式式的的结结构构也也适适用用于于某某些些谓谓语语动动词词不不是是系系动动词词的句子,如:的句子,如: It took us five hours to get thereto get there. It made us very angry to hear him talk like thatto hear him talk like that.注注注注:不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在
3、特定的上下文或情景不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出,也可以由中看出,也可以由“ for + 名词词组名词词组” 来表示,如:来表示,如: It is not hard for onefor one to do a bit of good. It was difficult for mefor me to do the work.注注注注:某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时,常在不定式之前某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时,常在不定式之前加上加上 “of + 名词词组名词词组” 来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况,来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况,如:如: Its kind of youof
4、you to think so much of us. Its very nice of youof you to be so considerate. Its unwise of themof them to turn down the proposal. It was careless of herof her to make such a mistake. 二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语二、不定式结构作表语1主主语语和和表表语语都都是是不不定定式式(其其含含义义往往往往一一是是条条件件,一一是是结结果果),如:如:Tobekindtotheenemyisto
5、becrueltothepeople.Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.2主主语语是是以以aim,duty,hope,idea,intention,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion等等为为中中心心词词的的名名词词词词组组,或或以以what引引导导的的名名词词性性从从句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:句表示,后面的不定式说明其内容,如:Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorthtoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.Yourmistakewasnotto
6、writethatletternottowritethatletter.Mysuggestionistostartworkatoncetostartworkatonce.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatoncetostartworkatonce.注注注注:在在某某些些句句型型中中,当当主主语语部部分分有有动动作作动动词词dodo时时,作作表表语语的的不不定定式可以省略符号式可以省略符号“toto”,如:如:Allwehavetodoispushthebuttonpushthebutton.TheonlythingIcandonowisgoonbymyselfgo
7、onbymyself.AllIcoulddowassendhimatelegramsendhimatelegram.三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语三、不定式结构作动词宾语1“动动动动词词词词 +带带带带 toto的的的的不不不不定定定定式式式式结结结结构构构构”。这这类类动动词词常常见见的的有有:afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,pre
8、fer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin,等,例如:等,例如:Ivearrangedtomeethimattenoclocktomeethimattenoclock.Ididntthink/expecttofindyouheretofindyouhere.2“动动动动词词词词 +疑疑疑疑问问问问词词词词 +带带带带 toto的的的的不不不不定定定定式式式式结结结结构构构构”。(这这种种不不定定式式结结构构接接近近一一个个名名词词从从句句)。这这类类动动词词常常见见的的有有:tell,advise,show,teach,find out, d
9、ecide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know, explain,remember,see,understand,wonder等。等。疑疑问问词词(也也称称连连接接代代/副副词词)有有:what,where,who(m),when,how,whether,which(why除外),如:除外),如:Idontknowwhattodo/wheretogo/who(m)toask/whentostop/howtogetthere.Ihaventdecidedwhethertosellitornot.Wemustfindoutwhattodonext/wher
10、etoputit.注注:如如果果作作宾宾语语的的不不定定式式结结构构有有自自己己的的补补语语,则则应应使使用用先先行行it,把不定式后置,例如:把不定式后置,例如:Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.Wethoughtitwrongnottohelpher.Theyfounditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.注注:不不定定式式结结构构一一般般不不可可作作介介词词宾宾语语,只只有有在在个个别别场场合合,即即在在含含有有否否定定意意义义的的带带有有介介词词except或或but(=except)的的结结构构中中才才能能这这样样
11、用用,例如:例如:Heseldomcomesexcepttotolookatmypictureslookatmypictures.Thechilddiddidnothingexceptweepweep.Shecandodoanythingbutsingsing.Hewilldodoanythingforyouexceptlendyoumoneylendyoumoney.Theycoulddodonothingbutwaitforthedoctorstoarrivewaitforthedoctorstoarrive. 注意不定式符号的省略问题!注意不定式符号的省略问题!注意不定式符号的省略问题!
12、注意不定式符号的省略问题! 四、不定式结构作定语四、不定式结构作定语四、不定式结构作定语四、不定式结构作定语1不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后,如:不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后,如:Itstimetogotobedtogotobed.Heisnotamantobowbeforedifficultiestobowbeforedifficulties.Haveyouanythingtodeclaretodeclare?Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendtoattendintheevening.Iwanttogetsomethingtoread
13、toreadduringthevocation.2能能带带不不定定式式结结构构作作宾宾语语的的动动词词,转转化化成成名名词词时时往往往往也也能能带带不不定定式结构作定语,如:式结构作定语,如:Idontwishto quarrel with you.Ihavenowishto quarrel with you.Theywillattemptto cross the river tonight.Theywillmakeanotherattemptto cross the river tonight.Shepromisednot to do that again.Shemadeapromiseno
14、t to do that again.3某某些些能能带带不不定定式式结结构构作作状状语语的的形形容容词词,转转化化成成名名词词时时,也也能能带带不定式结构作定语,如:不定式结构作定语,如:Hewasobviouslyanxiousto go.Hisanxietyto gowasobvious.4不不定定式式结结构构与与所所修修饰饰的的名名词词,有有时时意意义义上上有有着着主主谓谓关关系系或或动动宾宾关系,如:关系,如:Hehasalargefamilytosupport(=thathemustsupport).注注:处处于于动动宾宾关关系系的的情情况况下下,如如果果不不定定式式是是不不不不及及
15、及及物物物物动动动动词词词词,它它后后面面应应加上必要的加上必要的介词介词介词介词,如:,如:Shehasalotofthingstoattendtoto.Thenursehasfivechildrentolookafterafter.Letsfirstfindaroomtoputthethingsinin.5有有时时为为了了明明确确不不定定式式结结构构的的逻逻辑辑关关系系,可可以以在在不不定定式式之之前前加加上上for+名词词组,如:名词词组,如:Heresabookforyoutoread.Hegaveordersforthevisitorstobeshownin.五、不定式结构作状语五、
16、不定式结构作状语五、不定式结构作状语五、不定式结构作状语不不定定式式结结构构可可以以作作状状语语,修修饰饰动动词词、形形容容词词、副副词词等等,表表示示目目目目的、原因、结果、条件的、原因、结果、条件的、原因、结果、条件的、原因、结果、条件等。等。1 1表示目的:表示目的:表示目的:表示目的: They ran over to welcome the delegatesto welcome the delegates. He bought a bicycle to go to town more quicklyto go to town more quickly. He went home t
17、o see his motherto see his mother.注注注注:不不定定式式结结构构表表示示目目的的时时,通通常常句句子子的的主主语语就就是是它它的的逻逻辑辑主主语语(参见以上三句参见以上三句),但也有例外的情况,例如:,但也有例外的情况,例如: I stopped for him to speak to me. He opened the door for the children to come in. He brought a porter to carry the boxes / bags. They sent a man to mend the window. He s
18、tood up to be seen better.注注注注:为为了了强强调调表表示示目目的的的的不不定定式式结结构构,特特别别是是在在不不定定式式结结构构前前有有否否定定词词 not 时时,通通常常可可以以在在不不定定式式符符号号 to 之之前前加加上上 in order 或或 so as,如:如: He came here in orderin order to see Charlie. He shouted and waved so asso as to be noticed. He went early in orderin order not to miss the train. I
19、 turned the radio down so asso as not to disturb him.注注注注:表表示示目目的的的的不不定定式式可可以以置置于于句句首首,这这也也是是区区别别于于其其他他功功能能的的标标志志之之一一。但但是是,置置于于句句首首表表示示目目的的的的不不定定式式之之前前可可以以加加上上in order,但却不可以加上但却不可以加上so as ,如:如: To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. ( (In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.)
20、In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.) To get the best results, use clean water. 2.2.表示结果:表示结果:表示结果:表示结果:WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoangry?Hecameroundtofindhimselfinhospital.不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型不定式结构表示结果更常见于下列句型:soastosoastoWouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourb
21、icycle/tellmethetime?such()astosuch()astoImnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.enoughtoenoughtoTheboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.toototootoHiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.注意:注意:注意:注意:下列句子中的不表示结果,也无否定含义:下列句子中的不表示结果,也无否定含义:Imonlytoogladtogo.(=Imverygladtogo.)Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtogethome.(=Ishallbeve
22、rypleasedtogethome.)onlytoo(adv.)onlytoo(adv.)极极极极; ;非常非常非常非常; ;太太太太; ;很很很很 有有时时,不不定定式式结结构构还还能能表表示示一一个个随随后后发发生生的的动动作作,相相当当于于一一个并列限定动词词组,这种不定式结构也表示结果,如:个并列限定动词词组,这种不定式结构也表示结果,如:Shewokeearlytofinditwasrainingtofinditwasraining.Hegothometolearnthathisfatherwasilltolearnthathisfatherwasill.这种表示结果的不定式结构具
23、有下列几个特点:这种表示结果的不定式结构具有下列几个特点:不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作是是随随后后发发生生的的,相相当当于于一一个个限限定定动动词词词词组组,如:如:Hearrivedlatetofindtheothershadgonehome.He arrived late and found the others had gone home.He arrived late and found the others had gone home.不定式根据是否需要停顿而决定与主句是否用逗号隔开。不定式根据是否需要停顿而决定与主句是否用逗号隔开。Helefthisnativecountr
24、y(,)nevertoreturn.Hereturnedhome(,)tofindhisfatherlyingsickinbed.不不定定式式所所表表示示的的结结果果往往往往含含有有“令令人人意意想想不不到到”的的意意味味,其其中中以以“使使人人不不愉愉快快的的结结果果”较较为为常常见见。(有有时时也也可可以以表表示示令令人人愉愉快快、惊惊喜的结果),如:喜的结果),如:HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhimtofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.不定式之前有时可以加上不定式之前有时可以加上only或或
25、butonly,以加强语气,如:以加强语气,如:Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.Theyliftedarockonlytodropitontheirownfeet.注注:不不定定式式结结构构表表示示结结果果或或表表示示目目的的,往往往往形形式式相相似似,这这时时,须须根根据词汇意义认真加以区别,试比较:据词汇意义认真加以区别,试比较:Hearrivedlatetofindtheothershadgonehome.(=Hearrivedlateandfoundtheothershadgonehome.)He arrived late to
26、 avoid meeting Robert. ( = He arrived late inordertoavoidmeetingRobert.)Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.Hewenttothestationtoinquireaboutthetimesoftrains.(=Hewenttothestationinordertoinquireaboutthetimesoftrains.)3.3.表示原因:(不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作)表示原因:(不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作)表示原因:(不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词
27、的动作)表示原因:(不定式所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作)Shewepttohearthenews.Ipretendtobehappytoknowhim.Helaughedtoseesuchfun.Sheseemedsurprisedtomeetus.六、不定式结构作宾语补足语六、不定式结构作宾语补足语六、不定式结构作宾语补足语六、不定式结构作宾语补足语Dontforceyourselftowritetowritewhenyouhavenothingtosay.Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobetobeaglobe.Didyouseeayoungmanentertheho
28、useenterthehouse?1 1只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词:只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词:只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词:只能用不定式结构作宾语补足语的动词:表表示示“希希望望”“愿愿望望”等等心心理理状状态态的的动动词词,如如:wish,desire,expect,love,prefer,encourage,trust等。等。Whatdoyoudesiremetodotodo?Thedirectorpreferredhertoacttheoldladytoacttheoldlady.含含有有“让让”“允允许许”“促促使使”“致致使使”等等祈祈使使意意义义的的动动词词
29、,如如:let,allow,permit,decide,mean,lead,bring,put,hurry,cause,等。等。Wemustntletthishappenagainhappenagain.Hisfatherputhimtomindthesheeptomindthesheep. 带带有有“请请求求”“恳恳求求”等等感感情情色色彩彩的的动动词词,如如:ask, desire,invite,beg,request,worry等。等。Hebeggedmenottotellhisfatheraboutitnottotellhisfatheraboutit.Shewasalwaysworr
30、yingherfathertotakehertoParistotakehertoParis.含含有有“建建议议”“劝劝告告”等等意意义义的的动动词词,如如:advise,persuade,callon,urge等。等。Heurgedustoacceptthecompromisetoacceptthecompromise.Thedentistadvisedmetohavethebadtoothpulledouttohavethebadtoothpulledout.含含有有“命命令令”“强强迫迫”“禁禁止止”等等意意义义的的动动词词,如如:order,command, require, charg
31、e, tell, make, oblige, force, drive, forbid,warn等。等。Herequiredustokeepitasecrettokeepitasecret.Thedoctororderedhimtostayinbedforafewdaystostayinbedforafewdays.Iwarnyounottodothatagainnottodothatagain.其其他他还还有有:help,teach,show,assist,report,bear,waitfor,train,dependon等。等。Hepromisedtoteachmetoswimtoswi
32、m.Weshouldtrainthemtomakeuseofreferencebookstomakeuseofreferencebooks.Wearewaitingforthetraintostoptostop.2 2既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词:既能用不定式结构又能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词: see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento,observe,feel,have;see,watch,notice,lookat,hear,liste
33、nto,observe,feel,have; imagine,imagine,find,find,discover,discover,like,like,want,want,understand,understand,hate,hate,bring,bring,get,get,leave,setleave,setDidyouseeanyoneenterthehouseenterthehouse?Dontimagineyourselftobealwayscorrecttobealwayscorrect.Wefindhimtobedishonesttobedishonest.Hesettheboy
34、stocarrywatertocarrywater.Illleavehimtosolvetheproblemforhimselftosolvetheproblemforhimself.注注注注:有有些些动动词词用用不不不不定定定定式式式式与与用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词作作宾宾语语补补足足语语,所所表表达达的的意意义义是是有有差差别别的的。一一般般说说来来,用用不不定定式式表表示示一一次次性性动动作作或或动动作作的的完完成成(即即全全过过程程);而而用用现现在在分分词词则则表表示示动动作作正正在在进进行行,即即:谓谓语语动动词词所表示的动作发生时,现在分词所表示的动作正在进行,如:所表
35、示的动作发生时,现在分词所表示的动作正在进行,如:Didyouseeanyoneenterthehouse?Hesawhisfathertalkingwithhisteacher.Ionceheardhimsingthissong.SheheardMr.Whitesinginginthenextroom.注注注注:使使使使用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时,在在在在有有有有些些些些动动动动词词词词后后后后面面面面,不不不不定定定定式式式式符符符符号号号号toto应当省略。应当省略。应当省略。应当省略。 下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,必须省
36、去不定式符号下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,必须省去不定式符号下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,必须省去不定式符号下列动词用不定式作宾语补足语时,必须省去不定式符号toto:let,make,have,see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,hear,listentolet,make,have,see,watch,notice,lookat,observe,hear,listentoHeobservedsomeoneopenthedoor.Iwatchedthemgetintothecar.Didyounoticehimleavetheroom?feelfeel一一一一词
37、词词词在在在在使使使使用用用用 totododo型型型型不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时,不不不不带带带带 toto;在在在在使使使使用用用用 tobetobe型不定式时,要带型不定式时,要带型不定式时,要带型不定式时,要带 toto,如:如:Hefeltthemtoberight.Didyoufeeltheearthshake? helphelp一一一一词词词词在在在在使使使使用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时,可可可可以以以以带带带带 toto,也也也也可可可可以以以以不不不不带带带带 t
38、oto,如:如:Doyouoftenhelpyourmother(to)dothehousework?使使使使用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的句句句句子子子子,改改改改为为为为被被被被动动动动结结结结构构构构以以以以后后后后,宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语就成了主语补足语,这时,语就成了主语补足语,这时,语就成了主语补足语,这时,语就成了主语补足语,这时,“ “toto” ”不可以省略不可以省略不可以省略不可以省略,如:如:Thebossmadethemworkwork frommorningtillnight.Theyweremad
39、eto workto work frommorningtillnight.不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(或不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(或不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(或不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或者是在它之后发生状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或者是在它之后发生状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或者是在它之后发生状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生,或者是在它之后发生例如:例如:Whoheardhimsaythat?Theyinvitedustogotherethis
40、summer.如如果果不不定定式式所所表表示示的的动动作作在在谓谓语语所所表表示示的的动动作作之之前前发发生生,这这个个不定式就要用不定式就要用完成式完成式完成式完成式,如:,如:Imgladtohaveseenyourmother.(cf.Imgladtoseeyou.)(cf.Imgladtoseeyou.)七、不定式的完成式有下列用法七、不定式的完成式有下列用法七、不定式的完成式有下列用法七、不定式的完成式有下列用法1构成复合谓语,如:构成复合谓语,如:Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.(Itissaidthathehaswrittena
41、newbookaboutworkers.)Theenemywasreportedtohavesurrendered.(Itwasreportedthattheenemyhadsurrendered.)Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.(Itseemedthatshehadalreadyheardaboutit.)2在某些作表语用的形容词后作状语,如:在某些作表语用的形容词后作状语,如:Youareluckytohavegotticketstotheconcert.(=Youareluckythatyouhavegotticketstotheconcert.)
42、Imsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.(=ImsorryIhavegivenyousomuchtrouble.)Shewasverygladtohavedonesomethingforthepeople.3在某些动词后作宾语,如:在某些动词后作宾语,如:Hepretendednottohaveseenme.Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.4有时还可以作主语、定语或构成复合宾语,如:有时还可以作主语、定语或构成复合宾语,如:Itwasagreatsatisfactiontohaverevisitedourna
43、tivevillage.(主主语)语)Soyouaretheonetohavecleanedalltheserooms.(定语)定语)Theythoughtitapitynottohaveinvitedher.(复合宾语)复合宾语)Shefeltitanhonourtohavetakenpartinthework.(复合宾语)复合宾语)如果主要谓语所表示的动作(或情况)发生时,不定式所表示如果主要谓语所表示的动作(或情况)发生时,不定式所表示如果主要谓语所表示的动作(或情况)发生时,不定式所表示如果主要谓语所表示的动作(或情况)发生时,不定式所表示的动作正在进行,这时,不定式就要用进行式。的动
44、作正在进行,这时,不定式就要用进行式。的动作正在进行,这时,不定式就要用进行式。的动作正在进行,这时,不定式就要用进行式。八、不定式的进行式主要有下列几种用法八、不定式的进行式主要有下列几种用法八、不定式的进行式主要有下列几种用法八、不定式的进行式主要有下列几种用法1构成复合谓语,如:构成复合谓语,如: They are said to be building another bridge across the river. They seem to be getting along quite well. I happened to be going that way too.2在某些动词后
45、构成复合宾语,如:在某些动词后构成复合宾语,如: We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.3在某些动词后作宾语,如:在某些动词后作宾语,如: He pretended to be listening attentively.4有时可以作主语或状语,如:有时可以作主语或状语,如: I am glad to be working with you. (状语状语) Its nice of you to be thinking of us. (主语主语) 九九九九、如如如如果果果果不不不不定定定定式式式式所所所所表表表表示示示示的的的的动动动动作作作
46、作在在在在谓谓谓谓语语语语所所所所表表表表示示示示的的的的时时时时间间间间之之之之前前前前一一一一直在进行,就需要用完成进行式,如:直在进行,就需要用完成进行式,如:直在进行,就需要用完成进行式,如:直在进行,就需要用完成进行式,如:They are said to have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan. She wished to have been training as hard as the others. Its a great pleasure to have been working with you.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示
47、的动作的承受者时,不定式一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要采用被动形式。般要采用被动形式。般要采用被动形式。般要采用被动形式。 十、十、十、十、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法不定式的被动形式有下列用法1作主语:作主语: It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2作宾语:作宾语: She asked to be sent to work in X
48、injiang.3构成复合宾语:构成复合宾语: He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.4构成复合谓语:构成复合谓语: The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5作定语:作定语: Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6作状语:作状语: She was too young to be assigned s
49、uch work.十十十十一一一一、不不不不定定定定式式式式有有有有时时时时还还还还可可可可以以以以有有有有完完完完成成成成式式式式的的的的被被被被动动动动式式式式,在在在在句句句句中中中中作作作作主主主主语语语语、宾宾宾宾语语语语、定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:定语,或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等,如:It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.(
50、主语)主语)She She preferred preferred to to have have been been given given heavier heavier work work to to do. do. ( (宾宾语语) ))He He thought thought it it an an honourhonour to to have have been been invited invited to to the the party. party. (复合宾语)复合宾语)The The book book is is said said to to have have been been translated translated into into many many languages. languages. (复合谓语)复合谓语)She was the first woman to have been elected to such a She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. post. (定语)定语) Good-Good-bye!bye!