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1、Information Display Technology（信息显示技术）（信息显示技术）Content of CoursesTeaching ObjectivesDevelopment situations, operation mechanisms, device structures, fabrication processes and driving methods of LCD、PDP、OLED、FED、VFD、LED、projection display、3D display and electronic paper.To understand classification an
2、d development trend of display technology.To grasp operation mechanisms, device structures, fabrication processes and driving methods of main display technologies.Information Display TechnologyTeaching Arrangement Information Display TechnologyOutline of display technologyPhotometry and Photometry a
3、nd colorimetrycolorimetryTransfer principle of television picturesTransfer principle of television picturesLiquid crystal displayLiquid crystal displayPlasma display panelPlasma display panelOrganic light-emitting displayOrganic light-emitting displayField emission displayField emission displayOther
4、 display technologiesOther display technologiesInformation Display TechnologyReference BReference Bookook : :平板显示技术平板显示技术平板显示技术平板显示技术，人民邮电出版社，人民邮电出版社，人民邮电出版社，人民邮电出版社，20022002年年年年1111月出版，应根裕月出版，应根裕月出版，应根裕月出版，应根裕T Textbookextbook : :AuthorsAuthors: :JiunJiun-Haw Lee (-Haw Lee (李君浩李君浩) )David N. Liu (D
5、avid N. Liu (刘南洲刘南洲) )Shin-Shin-TsonTson Wu Wu（吴诗聪）（吴诗聪）Outline of display technologiesContents1、Classification of display technologies2、Main technical parameters of display devices3、Comparison of performances and applications between various display devices4、Display device marketDisplay TechnologyE
6、missive DisplayNonemissive DisplayCathode Ray Tube（CRT）Plasma Display Panel（PDP）Electroluminance Display（ELD）Organic Light-emitting Display（OLED）Field Emission Display（FED）Vacuum Fluorescent Display（VFD）Light-Emitting Diode （LED）Liquid Crystal Display（LCD）Electrochemical Display（ECD）Electrophoretic
7、Display（EPID）Suspended Particle Display（SPD）Classification of Display TechnologiesEmissive DisplayElectron Beam Phosphor Excited by Cathode Ray Luminescence：Cathode Ray Tube（CRT，1940s）, Vacuum Fluorescent Display（VFD,1967）, Field Emission Display（FED）Electrical Field Luminescent Center Impacted by E
8、lectrons Luminescence：Electroluminance Display（ELD）Electrical Field Injection of Electric Charges Recombination of Charge Carriers Luminescence ：Light-eimitting Diode（LED，Texas Instruments, 1962）,Organic Small Molecule Film Type Light-emitting Display（OLED, 1987）,Organic Polymer Film Type Light-emit
9、ting Display PLED, 1989）.Electrical Field Gas DischargeVacuum Ultraviolet （VUV） Phosphor Excited by VUV Luminescence ：Plasma Display Panel（PDP，D.L.Bitzer, H.G.Slottow,1964）Nonemissive DisplayLight SourceElectrical-optical Modulation Color Filter Luminescence ：Liquid Crystal Display（LCD, RCA, 1968）Cl
10、assification of Display Technologies FPD NON-FPD: CRTClassification of Display TechnologiesCRT Display DeviceCRT includes three main parts：（1）Electron gun: to emit electrons and converge them to a thin beam；（2）Deflection System: to make an electron beam scan on fluorescent screen；（3） Fluorescent Scr
11、een: to emit light with different luminance according to energy of electron beam. Classification of Display TechnologiesPanel Structure of FEDClassification of Display TechnologiesPrinciple of LCDClassification of Display TechnologiesClassification of Display TechnologiesGlassPanel Structure of TFT-
12、LCDPanel Structure of OLEDClassification of Display TechnologiesClassification of Display Technologies FunctionStatic PictureVideo PictureStereo Picture PerformancePhysical parameters（display size，aspect ratio, resolution（definition ）and pixel format)Luminance and colorContrast ratioResponse timeVie
13、wing anglePower consumptionLuminous Efficiency Display Specifications Display SpecificationsResolution （Definition）TypeResolutionComputerQVGA320 240 pixelsVGA640 480SVGA800 600XGA1024 768SXGA1280 1024UXGA1600 1200TVTypeDefinitionSDTVVertical： 450 TV lineshorizontal ： 450HDTVVertical ： 720horizontal
14、： 720 Display SpecificationsStripe typeMosaic typeDelta typeSubpixel layout of an FPDPixel format Display SpecificationsLuminance Unit:cd/m2. Under an indoor lighting environment, a monitor has a luminance of 200 300 cd/m2. For a large-screen TV, a higher luminance (500 1000 cd/m2) may be needed.Gra
15、y Level and Color One can equally divide the stimuli to the eyes from dark to bright with 2, 4, 8 or more spacings, which is called gray level or gray scale. For example, a display device can display 16 million colors (2828 2816.8 million) when each RGB subpixel is divided into 8 gray scales. Displa
16、y SpecificationsContrast RatioHigher CR means higher on/off ratio and hence better image quality and higher color saturation. When CR is equal to or less than 1, the human eye cannot distinguish the on and off colors so that the information content of an FPD is lost or distorted.FPD Display Specific
17、ationsResponse Time By switching the pixel from off to on and from on to off, and calculating the time required from 10 to 90 % and 90 to 10 % luminance levels, one can obtain rise and fall time, respectively. One may also define the response time from one gray level to another, which is called the
18、gray-to-gray (GTG) response time. If an FPD has a slow response time, one may see blurred images for fast moving objects.Measurement of response time Display SpecificationsViewing AngleOptical characteristics (luminance and colors) may also change at different viewing angles. For Lambertian emitters
19、, such as CRTs, PDPs and FEDs, viewing angle performances are quite good. The emission profile of LEDs and OLEDs can be engineered by packaging and layer structure. However, the viewing angle of LCDs is one of the major issues because LC material is birefringent and crossed polarizers are no longer
20、crossed when viewed at oblique angles.Viewing angle in horizontal directionViewing angle in vertical direction Display SpecificationsPower ConsumptionLuminous EfficacyVFD：10 lm/W， LED：14 lm/W，OLED：15 lm/W，PDP： 1.52 lm/W.Unit：lm/W： luminous flux； P：Power Consumption.Power consumption is a key paramet
21、er, especially for mobile displays, as it affects battery life. For displays with wall-plug electrical input, lower power consumption implies lower heat generation, which means heat dissipation is less serious.CRTLCDPDPOLEDFEDVFDELLEDSizemiddlelargelargesmallmiddlesmallsmall（large）Display capacity (
22、)Resolution Luminance Contrast Ratio Color Response Time Viewing angle Power Consumption Weight/Volumn -:excellent；:good；: average；:badComparison of performances and applications between various display devicesPerformances of Display Devices CRTLCDPDPOLEDFEDVFDELLEDTV Large screen wall-hanging TV Pr
23、ojective displayAV MonitorVehicle-mounted display Display on machinePC NotebookPortable display deviceCalculator、Clockvideo game player test instrunment Public displayApplications of Display Devices Comparison of performances and applications between various display devicesDisplay Device MarketSource：DisplaySearchDisplay Device MarketGlobal TV Market
