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1、专业英语专业英语黄黄 芪芪Astragali Radix English Name Milkvetch RootOriginsPlant MorphologyCollection and PreparationProduction and CommerceDescriptionMicroscopical CharactersChemical ConstituentsPhysical and Chemical IdentificationPharmacologyAction IndicationMain contentsOriginsTonic herbs 滋补药材滋补药材Heat-removi
2、ng drugs 清热药清热药Purgating drugs 泻下药泻下药Medicines for rheumatism 祛风湿药祛风湿药Hemostatics 止血药止血药 Plant MorphologyAstragalus membranaceus (Fisch) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge. ) Hsiao:odd-pinnately compound：奇：奇数羽状复叶数羽状复叶pinnae：小叶，由拉丁语转变：小叶，由拉丁语转变而来，复数而来，复数stipule：托叶：托叶lanceolate ：披针形的：披针形的A perennial herb, mai
3、n root stout. 多年生草本，主根粗壮。多年生草本，主根粗壮。Stem erect and branched at the upper part. 茎直立，上部分枝。茎直立，上部分枝。Leaves odd-pinnately compound, alternate. 奇数羽状复叶，互生。奇数羽状复叶，互生。Flowers in axillary racemes, calyx campanulate. 花为总状花序，腋生，花萼钟形。花为总状花序，腋生，花萼钟形。vCollection and preparationvThe drug is collected in spring and
4、 autumn, removed from soil, rootlet and root stock, and dried in sun.v 春秋季春秋季节采收采收药材，去除泥土、材，去除泥土、细根、根根、根头，晒干。晒干。 Externally pale brownish-yellow or pale brown, with irregular, longitudinal wrinkles, cork easily exfoliated, exposing yellowish-white cortex, sometimes showing reticulated fibre bundles.
5、 Descriptionv表表面面为为浅浅棕棕黄黄色色或或浅浅棕棕色色，有有不不规规则则纵纵皱皱纹纹和和众众多多横横长长皮皮孔孔样样突突起，栓皮易剥落而露出黄白色皮部，有时可见网状纤维束。起，栓皮易剥落而露出黄白色皮部，有时可见网状纤维束。 Wood pale yellow with radiate striations and fissures, the centre part of old root occasionally rotten-wood-shaped, blackish-brown or hollowed.木部淡黄色，有放射状纹理和裂隙，老根中心偶呈枯朽状。木部淡黄色，有放射状
6、纹理和裂隙，老根中心偶呈枯朽状。Descriptiontenacious：粘性的：粘性的 striation：纹理：纹理 fissure: 裂隙裂隙木栓层木栓层韧皮部韧皮部形成层形成层木质部木质部Transverse section phelloderm 栓内层栓内层 collenchymatous cells 厚角细胞厚角细胞sieve tube groups 筛管群筛管群parenchymatous cells 薄壁细胞薄壁细胞 lignified 木质化木质化药材黄芪横切面药材黄芪横切面 Powder primary walls：初生壁：初生壁 tassel : 穗状穗状 truncat
7、e：把：把.截成平头状截成平头状 bordered pitted vessels ：具缘纹孔导管：具缘纹孔导管(1) Flavonoids: formononetin，芒柄花黄素芒柄花黄素 3-hydroxyformonontin (calycosin), 毛蕊异黄酮毛蕊异黄酮Chemical ConstituentsR R1 1H RH R5 5=OME=OME R R1 1H RH R5 5=OME =OME R4OHv2,3-dihydroxy-7,4-dimethoxyisoflavone： 3二羟基二羟基7，4二甲氧基异黄烷二甲氧基异黄烷 v3-hydroxy-9,10-dimeth
8、oxypterocarpane; 3羟基羟基9，10二甲氧基紫檀烷二甲氧基紫檀烷 Chemical Constituents黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷I黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷II黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷III黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷IV黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷V黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷VI黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷VII黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷VIII 大豆皂苷大豆皂苷I Saponinsastragalosidesoyasaponin(3) Sugars: astragalan, D-glucose, D-fructose, sucrose; 多糖类：黄芪多糖，D葡萄糖，D果糖，蔗糖；(4) Others -sitosterol, choline, bet
9、aine, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, linoleinic acid, etc.谷甾醇，胆碱，甜菜碱，棕榈酸，亚油酸，亚麻酸等。Chemical Constituents Physical and chemical Identification 理理 化化 鉴鉴 别别3g powdersApply the filtrate to a prepared neutral aluminium oxide column methanol,20ml, boil,1helute with 100 ml of 40% methanolEvaporate the eluate
10、 on a water bath to dryness Dissolve the residue in 30 ml of water and extract by shaking with two 20-ml quantities of n-butanol saturated with water Dissovle the residue in 0.5ml of methanol as the test solution.Combine the n-butanol solutions and wash with two 20-ml quantities of water. discard th
11、e water solution and evaporate the n-butanol solution to dryness on a water bath.v 取本品粉末取本品粉末3克，加甲醇克，加甲醇20毫升，置毫升，置水浴水浴上上加热回流加热回流1小时，过滤，滤液加于已处理好的小时，过滤，滤液加于已处理好的中性氧化铝柱中性氧化铝柱上上（100120目目，5克，柱内径克，柱内径1015毫米）。用毫米）。用100毫升毫升40%甲醇甲醇洗脱，收集洗脱，收集洗脱液洗脱液。水浴蒸干，残渣加。水浴蒸干，残渣加30毫升水溶解，用水饱和的毫升水溶解，用水饱和的正丁醇正丁醇萃萃取两次，每次取两次，每次
12、20毫毫升，合并正丁醇溶液，用水洗涤，正丁醇液蒸干，升，合并正丁醇溶液，用水洗涤，正丁醇液蒸干，残渣残渣加加0.5毫升甲醇溶解作为供试品溶液。毫升甲醇溶解作为供试品溶液。vDissolve astragaloside IV CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution.v另取黄芪甲苷另取黄芪甲苷对照品对照品，加甲醇制成每，加甲醇制成每1毫升含毫升含1毫克的溶毫克的溶液，作为液，作为对照品溶液对照品溶液。 Carry out the method for thin la
13、yer chromatography (TLC）(Appendix B) using silica gel G as the coating substance and the lower layer of a mixture of chloroform, methanol and water (13:7:2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 l of each of the two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in air,
14、spray with 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol, and heat at 105 to the spots distinct. v参照参照薄层层析色谱法薄层层析色谱法（附录（附录 B）试验，）试验，吸取上吸取上述两种溶液各述两种溶液各2微升，分别点于同一硅胶微升，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板薄层板上，以氯仿上，以氯仿甲醇甲醇水（水（13：7：2）混合溶液的）混合溶液的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%的硫酸乙醇溶液，并于的硫酸乙醇溶液，并于105加热至斑点加热至斑点清晰。清晰。 A brown spot in th
15、e chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and color to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution. Examine under ultra-violet light ( 365 nm ), orange-yellow fluorescent spots are shown in both chromatograms.黄黄芪芪甲甲甙甙黄黄芪芪药药材材黄黄芪芪药药材材黄黄芪芪药药材材供供试试品品色色
16、谱谱中中，在在与与对对照照品品色色谱谱相相应应的的位位置置上上，显显相相同同的的棕棕色色斑斑点点。置置荧荧光光灯灯365nm下下检检视视，在在供供试试品品和和对对照照品品色谱中具有色谱中具有 橙黄色的荧光斑点。橙黄色的荧光斑点。lFilter-filtrate 过滤过滤-滤液滤液lNeural aluminium oxide column 中性氧化铝中性氧化铝lElute-elutate 洗脱洗脱-洗脱液洗脱液lResidue 残渣残渣ln-butanol saturated with water 水饱和正丁醇水饱和正丁醇lThe test solution 供试品溶液供试品溶液lCRS ch
17、emical reference standards 化学对照品化学对照品lThe reference solution 标准溶液标准溶液lThin layer chromatography 薄层色谱薄层色谱lSulfuric acid 硫酸硫酸l formic acid 甲酸甲酸lFluorescent spots 荧光斑点荧光斑点v取取本本品品粉粉末末1g，加加三三氯氯甲甲烷烷20ml，加加热热回回流流30分分钟钟，滤滤过过，滤滤液液蒸蒸干干，残残渣渣加加三三氯氯甲甲烷烷1ml使使溶溶解解作作为为供供试试品品溶溶液液。另另取取五五味味子子对对照照药药材材1g，同同法法制制成成对对照照药药材
18、材溶溶液液。再再取取五五味味子子甲甲素素对对照照品品，加加三三氯氯甲甲烷烷制制成成每每1ml含含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。的溶液，作为对照品溶液。To 1 g of the powder add 20 ml of chloroform, heat under reflux on a water bath for 0.5 hour, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1 ml of chloroform as the test solution. Produce a solution of F
19、ructus Schsandrae Chinensis reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Dissolve deoxyschizandrin (五五味味子子甲甲素素) CRS in chloroform to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution.v照照薄薄层层色色谱谱法法（附附录录VIB）试试验验，吸吸取取上上述述三三种种溶溶液液各各2uL，分分别别点点于于同同一一硅硅胶胶GF254薄薄层层板板上上
20、，以以石石油油醚醚-甲甲酸酸乙乙酯酯-甲甲酸酸（15：5：1）的的上上层层溶溶液液为为展展开开剂剂，展展开开，取取出出，晾晾干干，置置紫紫外外灯灯光光下下检检视视。供供试试品品色色谱谱中中，在在与与对对照药材和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。照药材和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。 u Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B), using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and the upper layer of petrole
21、um ether (3060)-ethyl formate-formic acid (15:5:1) as the mobile phase. uApply separately to the plate 2 ml each of the three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in air, examine under ultraviolet light (254 nm). uThe spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution
22、correspond in position and colour to the spots obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution. Pharmacology(1) Tonifying effects: Continuous administration of the decoction to mice for three weeks increase their body weight and prolongs swimming time. The herb is considered a q
23、i tonic. 滋滋补补作作用用：黄黄芪芪为为补补气气药药。小小鼠鼠连连续续给给予予其其煎煎出出液液三三周周，能能增加体重和延长在水中游泳时间增加体重和延长在水中游泳时间。(2) Diuretic effect: In animal studies, oral ingestion or injection of the extract induces diuresis. 利利尿尿作作用用：动动物物试试验验研研究究表表明明，口口服服或或注注射射给给予予黄芪提取物均能引起尿量增多。黄芪提取物均能引起尿量增多。(3) Effect on nephritis: It has been proven
24、effective against experimentally-induced nephritis, especially in treating proteuria. Patients with proteuria that are given the herb recover faster than those in the control group. 对对肾肾炎炎的的作作用用：黄黄芪芪被被证证明明对对实实验验性性肾肾炎炎有有效效，尤尤其其对对蛋蛋白白尿尿效效果果较较好好。由由肾肾炎炎引引起起蛋蛋白白尿尿的的患患者服用黄芪后恢复比对照组快得多。者服用黄芪后恢复比对照组快得多。(4) C
25、ardiotonic effect: The herb increases contraction of normal hearts, its cardiotonic effect being even more dramatic in hearts exhausted by fatigue and poison. 强强心心作作用用：增增强强正正常常心心脏脏的的收收缩缩功功能能。对对于于劳劳累累或中毒所致心脏衰竭起效迅速，强心作用明显。或中毒所致心脏衰竭起效迅速，强心作用明显。(5) Vasodilation effect: It dilates blood vessels, improves
26、 blood circulation of the skin, and enhances nutrition. 舒舒张张血血管管：扩扩张张血血管管，改改善善皮皮肤肤血血循循环环，并并增增加加营养。营养。(6) Antibacterial effect: In vitro the herb has antibacterial action upon Shigella dysenteriae, Streptococcus haemolyticus. Diplococcus pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus. 抗抗菌菌作作用用：体体外外抗抗菌菌活活性性实实验验
27、表表明明，黄黄芪芪对对痢痢疾疾志志贺贺菌菌，溶溶血血性性链链球球菌菌，肺肺炎炎双双球球菌菌及及金金黄黄色色葡葡萄球菌均有抑制作用。萄球菌均有抑制作用。 (7) Hypotensive effect: In animal studies, the herb has been proven to lower blood pressure, probably through its vasodilation action. 降降压压作作用用：动动物物实实验验研研究究表表明明，黄黄芪芪具具降降低低血血压压的作用，可能与其舒张血管的作用有关。的作用，可能与其舒张血管的作用有关。ActionlTo rei
28、nforce qi and strengthen the superficial resistance, and to promote the discharge of pus and the growth of new tissue.l补气固表，排脓生肌补气固表，排脓生肌。IndicationsvDeficiency of qi with lack of strength; anorexia and loose stools, sinking of spleen-qi mainfested by chronic diarrhea, prolapse of rectum, hemafacia
29、and abnormal uterine bleeding; spontaneous sweating due to weakened superficial resistance; edema due to deficiency of qi; abscess difficult to burst or heal; anemia; wasting-thirst caused by internal heat; albuminuria in chronic nephritis; diabetes.v气气虚虚乏乏力力，久久泻泻脱脱肛肛，自自汗汗，浮浮肿肿，子子宫宫脱脱垂垂，慢性肾炎引起的蛋白尿、糖尿病、疮口久不愈合。慢性肾炎引起的蛋白尿、糖尿病、疮口久不愈合。
