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1、Unit5demonstrate： vt.1) show; make clearDetailed reading1- demonstrate 1e.g. The study also demonstrated a direct link between obesity and mortality.Research has demonstrated that babies can recognize their mothers voice very soon after birth. Detailed reading2) make a public expression that you are
2、 not satisfied about something, especially by marching or having a meeting e.g. Thousands of people gathered to demonstrate against the new proposals.成千上万的人一起游行示威反对新提议。Detailed reading1 demonstrate 2Derivations:demonstration: n. demonstrative: adj.Detailed readingSynonyms: show, exhibit, displayTran
3、slation:Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.伽利略证明，不同重量的物体下落时速度相同。Please demonstrate how the machine works.请示范机器的使用方法。Translation:Detailed reading1 integrity 1 Detailed readingintegrity: n.1) the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles that
4、 you refuse to change e.g. No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity.You can trust him; he is a man of complete integrity.你可以相信他，他是一个刚正不阿的人。2) the quality of being whole and completee.g. Our integrity as a nation is threatened by these separatist forces.Respect, preserve,
5、threaten, etc. a nations territorial integrity Detailed reading1 integrity 2Detailed readingSynonyms: honesty, unity, wholenessCollocation:in ones integrity 完整，原封未动Detailed reading1 morality 1Detailed readingmorality: n.a personal or social set of standards for good or bad behavior and character, or
6、 the quality of being right, honest or acceptablee.g.They are discussing the morality of cloning.他们正在讨论克隆的道德性。 He has overthrown the basic standards of morality.他已摒弃了基本的道德标准。Synonym:ethicsAntonym: immorality Derivation:moral adj.e.g. I am unconcerned with questions of religion or morality.我对宗教问题或者道德
7、问题不感兴趣。Whether a country should have nuclear weapons or not should be a question of ethics, not of politics.一个国家是否该拥有核武器应该是个道德问题，而非政治问题。Ethics is a branch of philosophy.伦理学是哲学的分科。Detailed reading1 morality 2Detailed readingComparison:morality, ethicsmorality: the rightness or pureness of behavioreth
8、ics: It refers to the study of what is morally right, what is not and the questions concerned.Detailed reading1- expediencyDetailed readingexpediency: n. when something is helpful or useful in a particular situation, but sometimes not morally acceptablee.g.The government is torn（犹豫的，举棋不定的） between p
9、rinciple and expediency.政府在原则和权宜之间难于抉择。All his actions are governed by expediency.他所有的行动都是一种权宜之计。Synonym:expedienceDerivation:expedient adj.Do whatever is expedient.权宜处置，怎么方便就怎么办。It was expedient to retire gracefully.体面的让步可算是权宜之计。The story was a temporary expedient.这个借口是临时的应急之法。Detailed reading1- at
10、 handDetailed readingat hand: near in time or placee.g.He always kept the picture of his girlfriends close at hand.他总是把女朋友的相片放在身边。Your big moment is at hand.你的重大时刻即将到来。Detailed reading1- scarceDetailed readingscarce: adj.not easy to find or gete.g. Food was scarce throughout the war. 在战争期间食物匮乏。Hotel
11、 accommodation was scarce during the Olympic Games.奥运会期间，旅馆房间很难找。Food and clean water were becoming scarce.Synonym: deficientDerivation:scarcity n.Detailed reading1- the bottom line 1Detailed readingthe bottom line: the most important fact in a situation e.g.The bottom line is that it did not get th
12、e best out of everybody.最关键的问题是这不能使每个人充分发挥自己的长处。If you dont make a profit, you go out of business: thats the bottom line.不盈利，就停业：根本问题就在这里。My grandparents believed you were either honest or you werent. There was no in-between. Detailed reading1- My grandparents believed Translation:我的祖父母坚信人要么是诚实的要么是不
13、诚实的，不存在中间的品质。Detailed readingThey had a simple motto hanging on their living-room wall, “Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will show.”Detailed reading1- They had a simple motto hanging Translation:他们起居室的墙上挂着一条简短的箴言。箴言写道：“生活就像一块刚刚下过雪的土地；我选择从哪里走过，哪里就会留下清晰的足迹。
14、”Detailed reading出于直觉，他们领悟到“正直”意味着拥有自己的道德和伦理标准，不会出于权宜而牺牲这一标准，也不会将它与眼下的形式联系起来。They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and that is not relative to the situation at hand. Explanation: Integrity means that
15、one should have a personal standard for judging what is morally right and wrong. He does what he thinks he should do, not what he thinks will help him and his judgment is not affected by any external circumstances.Translation: Detailed reading1- They understood instinctively Detailed readingDetailed
16、 reading1- But it is the real bottom Detailed reading但是，这是社会任何领域中真实的底线。But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. Paraphrase: But it is the most important consideration in every social activity and, therefore, you must accept it, even though you may not like it.Translation: consist of:
17、 be made of or formed from something Detailed reading2- consist of 1e.g. A week consists of seven days.Most people are familiar with the idea that all matter consist of atoms.大多数人熟悉一切物质都由原子组成这一概念。The team consists of four Europeans and two Americans.Its a simple dish to prepare, consisting mainly of
18、 rice and vegetables.Detailed readingWater is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.Detailed reading2- consist of 2Detailed readingCollocation:consist in: have something as a main and necessary part or quality e.g. Happiness consists in trying to do ones duty, not in amassing wealth.快乐的源泉在于尽义务，而不在于积聚财富。Th
19、e value of this teaching method consists in the interest it stimulates in the students.这种教学法的优点是在于能引起学生的兴趣。Synonym:be composed ofe.g.Detailed reading3 principle 1Detailed readingprinciple: n.1) a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works 原则，原理e.g.The system works on
20、 the principle that heat rises.该项装置是按照热力上升的原理运转的。The organization works on the principle that all members have the same rights.Detailed reading3- principle 2 Detailed readinge.g.We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly.我们必须坚持平等待人这一原则。She doesnt have any principles.He was a m
21、an of principle.Anyway, I cant deceive him its against all my principles.I never gamble, as a matter of principle (= because I believe it is wrong).（这是个原则问题）2) moral rule or standard of good behavior 道德标准Detailed reading3- principle 3Detailed readingCollocation:in principle: If you agree with or bel
22、ieve something in principle, you agree with the idea. 原则上，基本上e.g.They have agreed to the proposal in principle but we still have to negotiate the terms.他们基本上同意了那项提议，但我们仍须商定具体条款。In principle I agree with the idea, but in practice its not always possible.Synonyms:rule, lawDetailed reading3- conviction
23、 Detailed readingconviction: n. 1) a very firm belief e.g. I have the conviction that he is right.我深信他是对的。I speak in the full conviction that I will win.我深信我会赢。2) when someone is officially found to be guilty of a particular crime 定罪，判罪e.g. They have no previous convictions.他们没有前科。Derivations:convin
24、ce vt.convincing adj.Detailed reading3- account forDetailed readingaccount for:give reasons for or be the reason or explanation fore.g.Hell have to account for where every cent goes.他得说明每一分钱是怎么花掉的。Suanyang has been asked to account for his conduct.孙杨被要求解释他的行为。He could not account for his absence fro
25、m school.他无法说明他旷课的原因。Detailed reading3- back down 1Detailed readingback down:admit that you were wrong or that you have been defeatede.g.After being shown conclusive evidence, the other side had to back down.在出示确凿的证据之后，对方不得不作出让步。After several hours negotiations, they finally backed down on their unr
26、easonable demands.经过几个小时的谈判后，他们终于放弃了不合理的要求。In this sentence, the clause what I call Integrity Triad is called a “nominal relative clause,” and the pronoun what is used like a noun and a relative pronoun together, equivalent in meaning to the thing which. Nominal relative clauses can be introduced by
27、 what, whatever, whoever, whichever, where, wherever, when, and whenever. They can follow prepositions, and the prepositions cannot be left out.A good test for this value is to look at what I call the Integrity Triad. Detailed reading2- A good test for this value 1Explanation: Detailed readingDetail
28、ed reading2- A good test for this value 2Detailed readinge.g.Ill vote for whoever promises to reduce taxes.I often think about when I was young.In my dream, I had very vivid picture of where we used to live.The word “fine” is used as an adverb, meaning well, in some conversational expressions. That
29、suits me fine.That machine works fine if you oil it.Youll do just fine. Detailed reading2- Youll do just fine. Explanation: Detailed readingDetailed reading3 credit 1 Detailed readingcredit: n.1) approval or praise that you give to someone for something they have donee.g.I cant take all the credit f
30、or the shows success it was a team effort.We did all the work and she gets all the credit!Collocation:give (sb.) credit (for sth.)e.g.You could at least give him some credit for all the effort hes put in.2) a system of buying goods or services and paying for them later 信用，信誉e.g.If you cant afford to
31、 pay cash, buy the furniture on credit. （赊购）Detailed reading2 credit 2Detailed readingComparison:credit, credibilitycredibility: n. the quality of deserving to be believed and trusted 可靠性，可信性e.g.The latest scandal has damaged his credibility as a leader.Derivations:credit v.相信，信任creditable adj. 值得称赞
32、的，可信任的Detailed reading3- rightfully 1Detailed readingrightfully: adv. in accordance with what is legally and morally correcte.g. I am just rightfully using my right of vote. 我只是在合理的使用我的选举权。 Shes inherited the money which is rightfully hers. 她继承了本应属于她的钱。Derivations:rightful adj.rightfulness n.Detaile
33、d reading2- rightfully 2Detailed readingPractice:1) Every effort was made to return the purse to its owner. 2) This diagram is not ! rightful_right_rightful, rightrightful adj. according to what is legally and morally correctright adj. based on true facts, correctComparison:hire v. employ someoneapp
34、oint v. (more formal)Detailed reading3 appoint 1 Detailed readingappoint: v.1) choose someone for a position or a jobe.g. They appointed a new teacher at the school.Comparison:2) arrange or decide a time or place for something to happene.g. The committee appointed a day in July for celebration.Detai
35、led reading2- appoint 2Detailed readingappointee n. someone who is chosen for a position or a jobappointment n. Derivations:他被任命为秘书。He was appointed secretary.We must appoint a day to meet again.我们要约好下次会面的日期。Translation:Detailed reading3 progressively 1Detailed readingprogressively: adv. step by ste
36、p; by stages; moving ahead or developing continuouslye.g. The economy in that country was progressively getting better.Comparison:progressively, graduallygradually adv. in a way that happens or develops slowly over a long period of timee.g.The rock gradually wears away due to the action of the water
37、.Detailed reading2- progressively 2Detailed readingprogressive adj.progressiveness n.Derivations:Detailed reading3 core1Detailed readingcore: n. the most important or central part of somethinge.g. The club was beginning to develop a core of young people who were very active in the community.core val
38、ues/beliefs/concerns: the values, etc. that are most important to someoneCollocations:Detailed reading3- externalDetailed readingexternal: adj.connected with the outside of a surface or bodye.g. The external walls were in need of repair.internalAntonym:externals: n. the outer appearance of a situati
39、on外部，外面，外观externalize: v. express inner feelings 表露，公开表达externalization: n.客观化，外表性Derivations:Detailed reading3- inevitablyDetailed readinginevitably: adv. as was certain to happen and could not be preventede.g. He was, inevitably, upset by her departure, but soon he got over it.unavoidablySynonym:i
40、nevitable: adj.inevitability: n.Derivations:Detailed reading3- preserveDetailed readingpreserve: v. make something continue without changing or being harmede.g. I think these traditional customs should be preserved.keep, maintain, retainSynonyms:preservable: adj.Derivation:We must preserve our natur
41、al resources.我们必须保护自然资源。Translation:Detailed reading3- toughDetailed readingtough: adj.1) difficult to do or deal with and needing a lot of effort and determinatione.g. Life as a single mother can be tough and depressing.rough: adj. having a lot of problems, difficulties; uncomfortable, with difficu
42、lt conditionsSynonym:toughness: n.Derivation:have a guilty/bad conscience (about sth.): feel guilty because you have done something wrong have no conscience (about sth.): not feel guilty about somethingDetailed reading3 conscience 1Detailed readingconscience: n.an inner sense that tells you whether
43、what you are doing is morally right or wronge.g. Be guided by your conscience.e.g. I have a guilty conscience about not telling her the truth.Collocations:e.g. They have no conscience at all about cheating.Detailed reading2- conscience 2Detailed readingPractice:1)I was very of the fact that I had to
44、 make a good impression. 2)After he had committed the crime, his was troubled（折磨）. conscious_conscience_conscience, consciousconscious: adj. noticing or realizing something; awareComparison:Detailed reading3- People who lack genuine 1Detailed readingPeople who lack genuine core values rely on extern
45、al factors. Paraphrase: People who do not have real and fundamental moral principle rely on their looks or status.Compare “lack” and “be short of”: Both can mean “not to have enough of something”. But “lack” (or commonly “be lacking in”) is used especially with abstract nouns.Detailed reading3- Peop
46、le who lack genuine 2Detailed readingLack: The teacher said that the child lacked / was lacking / in confidence.She seems to lack / be lacking in the will to succeed.Be short of:It more common than “lack” when talking about objects and materials.Im short of money this week; can you lend me some?They
47、 were short of water because of the serious drought.Detailed reading7- succumb 1Detailed readingsuccumb to (temptation .)succumb: v.(fml) stop opposing someone or something that is stronger than you, and allow them to take controle.g.They held out（坚持要求，拒绝妥协） for some hours in the face of our persuas
48、ive offers, but eventually they succumbed.e.g.Gina finally succumbed to temptation and had some ice cream.Collocation:Detailed reading7- succumb 2Detailed readingsurrender: v. stop fighting and give your soldiers or land to an enemy; allow yourself to be controlled or influenced by somethingsuccumb,
49、 surrenderComparison: Detailed reading3 seductive 1Detailed readingseductive: adj. interesting or attractive, in a way that persuades one to do something one would not usually doe.g. She had a low, seductive voice.Derivations:seductiveness: n.seduce: v.seduction: n.Detailed reading2- seductive 2Deta
50、iled readingPractice:1) Jim was into leaving the company by the offer of higher pay. 2) What could have you to do such a ridiculous thing? seduced_induced_seduce: v. make someone want to do something by making it seem very attractiveinduce: v. make someone decide to do something, esp. something that
51、 seems unwiseComparison:siren voices/call/song: literary encouragement to do something that sounds very attractive, but will have bad resultsthe Sirens: a group of women in ancient Greek stories whose beautiful singing made sailors sail towards them into dangerous water（半鸟半女人的怪物；妖艳而危险的女人）Detailed re
52、ading3- siren 1Detailed readingsiren: n.a piece of equipment that makes very loud warning sounds, used on police cars, fire engines, etc. 汽笛，警报器e.g. Police sirens are wailing in the distance.Collocations:A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always
53、win the day.Explanation: In this sentence, “the seductive sirens of an easy morality” refers to the lure of the use of methods that bring the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerations. We are always tempted to do what we think will help us. However, if we do what w
54、e believe is morally right and not just fashionable or easy to do, we will go through life successfully.Detailed reading2- A life of principle, Detailed readingText comprehension IV.1.Integrity means having ones own norms and rules of judging what is right and what is wrong, which one should not giv
55、e up for immediate personal advantages.2.Integrity is rare at present.3.An explanation was given for how all instruments and material were used and located during an operation.4. When you are right, you should insist.5. Unavoidably they will do everything possible to keep their looks and status.Voca
56、bulary1.that is current2.difficult to find or obtain3.make an effort to obtain4.insist on/Stick to despite/when faced with5.always recognize and praise rightly others achievement6.behave in a way that is natural or normalII.1.appointed 2.politically3.account for 4.succumbed to 5.ensured 6.instinctiv
57、ely7.tough8.object 9.challenge 10.seductive IV.1.Morality means the rightness or pureness of behaviour; ethics refers to (the study of) questions about what is morally right and wrong.2.Demand commonly suggests a speaker in authority who bluntly insists upon being obeyed and does not intend to be co
58、ntradicted, while ask means “call on somebody for an answer; request information; invite.”3. Genuine emphasizes the fact of not being spurious, adulterated, imitated or counterfeit, while real refers to physically existent things.4. Preserve emphasizes keeping something that is valuable exactly as i
59、t is, without change and even without using it at all. Save suggests rescuing something with a sense of great urgency.V. 1.truthful, upright, frank 2.outer, external, exterior 3.rare, uncommon, scant4.fire, sack, dismiss5. resolutely, determinedly, unyieldingly6. fearless, dauntless, brave, bold7. u
60、npleasant, disagreeable8. unfashionable, old-fashioned, outdatedVI.1.Inexperienced 2.Rightful3.Impoliteness4.Handful5.Heady6.Straigtening 7.Sleepy8.Beggar GrammarI.1.Giving instruction.2.Expressing a wish.3.Making a suggestion. 4.Giving an order.5.Giving an order and expressing anger.6.Inviting.7.Wa
61、rning.8.Forbidding.II.1.Take a break.2.Lets not stay here any longer.3.Stop criticizing others.4.Have another biscuit, please.5.In this play you be the princess and I be the witch. (Here “you” and “I” are explicit subjects of the imperative sentence.)6. Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.7. Don
62、t you ever be late again!/Never be late again!8. Let us never forget the brave men and women who made the ultimate sacrifice.III.1.will/can/cant youAfter a positive imperative, the question tag can be “will/would/can/cant/wont you?” “Wont is used to invite, “will/would/can/cant” are used to tell peo
63、ple to do things. “would” is less forceful than “will” and much less common.2. will/wont you3. will youAfter a negative imperative, the question tag is “will you”?4. shall we“Shall we” occurs especially in suggestions opening with “Lets.”5. will/could/can you6. will/wont/cant you7. will you8. shall
64、weV.1.another 2.another 3.others 4.other 5.another 6.the other 7.the others8.another others Translation I.1.人的一生就像被刚降下的雪覆盖的田野，无论在哪儿走过都会留下自己的足迹。2.他们本能地明白：为人正直就意味着具有个人道德和伦理的标准，那就是决不迁就权宜之计，也不为眼前的形势所左右。3.那些缺乏真正的根本价值观的人依赖于外因 自己的长相或地位 以获得良好的自我感觉。4.为人正直就意味着凡事都因其正确而为之，并非仅仅是为了赶时髦或趋炎附势。II.1.That psychiatrist,
65、 who had talked about his patients in public, was charged with violating professional ethics.2.Hanging on the walls of the classroom are some famous sayings, which inspire and urge people to exert themselves.3.All kinds of commodities are available. Nothing is in short supply.4.We all trust the pres
66、ident of the board of directors, who is a man of absolute integrity.5. Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.6. The defendant couldnt account for the fact that the money was found in his house.7. When I saw that he was right, I had to back down.8. She has been appointed sales ma
67、nager, for she is both clever and diligent.9. One of the biggest challenges faced by the present government is that of creating more jobs.10. The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed its stronghold.Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 1at hand = that is current 当前的，在手边e.g. I have no d
68、ictionary at hand. 我现在手头没有字典。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities-Phrase practice 2in short supply = difficult to find or obtain 缺货，不足e.g. Stoves are always in short supply in hostile winter. 寒冷的冬天，煤炉常常缺货。Luck is never in short supply
69、if you possess ample confidence. 只要有充分信心，你是不缺好运的。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities-Phrase practice 3give credit = always recognize and praise rightly sbs achievement 给予赞扬e.g. The teacher was given credit for encouraging students to
70、face the difficulty. 老师因为鼓励学生面对困难得到了大家的称赞。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities-Phrase practice 4be oneself= behave in a way that is natural or normal 显得自然e.g. Facing great honor and fame, he found it difficult to be himself. 面对巨大的荣誉，他觉
71、得很难保持自我本色。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- Word derivation1Fill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in the brackets.1. It is dangerous for an driver to drive a car in the center of Paris during
72、 the mid-day rush. (experience)inexperienced_2. Douglas, now that youre the head of the family, you must take your place at the head of the table (right)rightful_VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammar3. If you behave with this sort of to your other customers, I
73、 dont think youll remain in business long. (polite)4. Kenneth gave the child a of sweets. (hand)Consolidation Activities- Word derivation2handful_impoliteness _VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarFill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of
74、the given word in the brackets.5. Dont put on any more of that perfume, Julie. Its stuff. (head)6. The speaker showed his nervousness by constantly his tie. (straight)Consolidation Activities- Word derivation3heady_straightening_VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningG
75、rammarFill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in the brackets.7. I feel so that Im going to bed. (sleep)8. The beggar stood on his head, from door to door. (beg)Consolidation Activities- Word derivation4sleepy_begging_VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral
76、activitiesWritingListeningGrammarFill in the blank in each sentence with an appropriate form of the given word in the brackets.Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- experience 1experience (n. v.) experienced (adj.) experienceless (adj.) inexperienced (adj.) experiment (n.) experimental (adj.) V
77、ocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammar经历，经验经历，经验有经验的有经验的无经验的，缺乏经验的，不老练的无经验的，缺乏经验的，不老练的无经验的，不熟练的无经验的，不熟练的经验，实验，尝试经验，实验，尝试实验（性）的，试验（性）的实验（性）的，试验（性）的1.e.g.This was a new experience for him. 这一切于他都是全新的经历。这一切于他都是全新的经历。The experimental results show that the method is
78、effective. 实验结果表明，该方法是正确有效的。实验结果表明，该方法是正确有效的。Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- experience 2VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g.It was a successful experiment. 那是一次成功的试验。那是一次成功的试验。We dont want to hire inexperienced worker. 我们不想聘用没有经验的工人。我们不想聘用没有经验
79、的工人。Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- right 1VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarright (adj.)rightful (adj.) rightness (n.) righteous (adj.)righteousness (n.) 正确的，对的，右边的，合适的正确的，对的，右边的，合适的合法的，正确的，依法享有权利的合法的，正确的，依法享有权利的正义性，正确性正义性，正确性公正的，公义的，当然的公正的，公义的，
80、当然的正当，正义，正值正当，正义，正值2.e.g.Everyone admires his spirit of doing boldly whats righteous.人人都赞美他这种见义勇为的精神。人人都赞美他这种见义勇为的精神。Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- right 2VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g. Who is the rightful owner of this car? 谁是这辆汽车的合法主人？
81、谁是这辆汽车的合法主人？They are just a rightness of simple farmers!他们只是朴实的农民！他们只是朴实的农民！Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- polite 1VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarpolite (adj.)politeness (n.)impolite (adj.) impoliteness (n.) 有礼貌的，客气的，有教养的，文雅的有礼貌的，客气的，有教养的，文雅的
82、礼貌，优雅礼貌，优雅不礼貌的，粗鲁的不礼貌的，粗鲁的失礼，粗鲁失礼，粗鲁3.e.g. It is not polite to stare at others. 盯着别人看是一种不礼貌的行为。盯着别人看是一种不礼貌的行为。One never loses anything by politeness. 礼多人不亏。礼多人不亏。Its impolite to smoke during a meal in France. 在法国就餐时吸烟是不礼貌的。在法国就餐时吸烟是不礼貌的。Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- hand VocabularyTrans
83、lation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarhand (n.) handy (adj.) handful (n.) 手，掌握，协助手，掌握，协助方便的，手边的，灵巧的，便于使用的，方便的，手边的，灵巧的，便于使用的，现成的现成的少数，一把，棘手之事少数，一把，棘手之事4.e.g. This is a very handy tool for opening cans. 这是一种很简便的开罐头工具。这是一种很简便的开罐头工具。A handful of common sense is worth bushel of le
84、arning. 一点点常识胜过很多有价值的学问。一点点常识胜过很多有价值的学问。Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- headVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarhead (n.)heading (n.) heady (adj.)headless (adj.) 头脑，能力，领袖，硬币的正面，顶端头脑，能力，领袖，硬币的正面，顶端标题，题目，航向标题，题目，航向顽固的，任性的，性急的顽固的，任性的，性急的不在意的，没有头的，愚笨的不
85、在意的，没有头的，愚笨的5.e.g. Where do you think web design is heading? 你认为网页设计现在的方向在哪儿？你认为网页设计现在的方向在哪儿？He is heady with success. 他因成功而飘飘然。他因成功而飘飘然。A headless man haunts the castle. 一个无头幽灵常在城堡出现。一个无头幽灵常在城堡出现。e.g. She has long, straight, red hair. 她的红发又长又直。她的红发又长又直。I was straightening my schoolbag when you phon
86、ed me. 你给我打电话时，我正在整理书包。你给我打电话时，我正在整理书包。Excuse me. Do I go straightly for the Mayflower Hotel? 对不起，去五月花旅馆是一直往前走吗？对不起，去五月花旅馆是一直往前走吗？Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- straightVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarstraight (adj.) straighten (v.) straighten
87、ing (v.) straightness (n.) 直的，准的，正直的，坦率的，连续的直的，准的，正直的，坦率的，连续的弄直，使正确，整顿，挺直弄直，使正确，整顿，挺直变形矫正，整直，校正变形矫正，整直，校正笔直，正值，直率笔直，正值，直率6.e.g. Sleeping is the best cure for waking troubles. 睡眠是治疗一切醒时烦扰的良药。睡眠是治疗一切醒时烦扰的良药。She always has a sleepy expression. 她总是一副懒洋洋的表情。她总是一副懒洋洋的表情。She looked haggard after a sleeples
88、s night. 一夜失眠之后，她看上去很憔悴。一夜失眠之后，她看上去很憔悴。Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- sleepVocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningsleep (n.v.) sleeping (n. adj.) sleepy (adj.) sleepless (adj.) sleeplessness (n.) 睡觉，睡眠睡觉，睡眠睡着的睡着的嗜睡的嗜睡的不睡眠的，睡不着的，警觉的不睡眠的，睡不着的，警觉的失眠失眠7.
89、e.g. Do not beg, steal, lie. 不要乞讨，偷窥，说谎。不要乞讨，偷窥，说谎。The family had been beggared by the war. 战争使这家人沦为乞丐。战争使这家人沦为乞丐。Idleness is the key of beggary, the root of all evil. 懒惰是行乞的敲门砖，是万恶的根源。懒惰是行乞的敲门砖，是万恶的根源。beg (v.) beggar (n.) (v.) begging (n.) beggarly (adj.) beggary (n.)乞讨，恳求乞讨，恳求乞丐，穷人乞丐，穷人 使沦为乞丐；使贫穷使
90、沦为乞丐；使贫穷请求，乞求请求，乞求像乞丐的，赤贫的，下贱的像乞丐的，赤贫的，下贱的赤贫赤贫8.Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- begVocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningConsolidation Activities- Vocabulary mainVocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningImperative
91、sentencesQuestion tags added to imperative clausesAnother, other(s), the other(s)Consolidation Activities- Grammar11. Imperative sentencesVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListening Imperative sentences, also known as “commands” begin with a verb in the imperative mood and
92、 express a command, an instruction, an order, a warning, a request, a suggestion, a wish, an invitation, etc. There are three kinds of imperatives: the second person imperatives, the first person imperative, and the third person imperatives. For the second person imperatives, if we want to enhance t
93、he force of the imperative, we can add an emphatic DO or YOU at the beginning of the sentence. GrammarConsolidation Activities- Grammar2VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g. Mr. Smith, you sit over there. Do come in. Let me have a look.Lets stop and finish
94、 it later. Dont let anyone shirk his responsibility. Consolidation Activities- Grammar3PracticeRewrite the following sentences using the imperative. VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammar1. Youd better go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes. Go and buy yoursel
95、f a new pair of shoes. 2. We shall never forget the brave men and women who made the ultimate sacrifice.Let us never forget the brave men and women who made the ultimate sacrifice.Consolidation Activities- Grammar4VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammar3. I woul
96、d like somebody to open the door. Somebody open the door.4. In this play you will play the part of the princess and Ill pretend to be the witch.In this play you be the princess and I be the witch. Consolidation Activities- Grammar5VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListenin
97、gGrammar5. Would you please allow me to stay in to finish my letter? I want to get it off to London today. Let me stay in to finish my letter. I want to get it off to London today.Consolidation Activities- Grammar6VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarHere “you
98、” and “I” are explicit subjects of the imperative sentence.2. Question tags added to imperative clauses Sometimes we add question tags to the imperative sentences to soften the imperative tone. For the second person imperatives, after a positive imperative, the question tag can be “will/would/can/ca
99、nt/wont you/?” “Wont” is used to invite. “Will you” is often used as request. “Wont you” is used to show less forceful orders. “Would” is less forceful than “will” and much less common. “Cant you” can show the speakers annoyance. After a negative imperative, the question tag is “will you?”Consolidat
100、ion Activities- Grammar7VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- Grammar8VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g. Dont be so noisy, will you?Stop talking, will/wont/would/can/cant you? Let me drive
101、 you home, will you?Lets take a taxi, shall we? If the part addressed includes only the speaker the question tag usually is “will/wont you?” If the part addressed includes both the speaker and the listener, the tag should be “shall we?” Consolidation Activities- Grammar91. Lets go to the movies, ?2.
102、 Dont turn the lights on, ?3. Let me come and stay, ? You can put it that it was arranged before. 4. Shut up, ? 5. Dont let me have to speak to you again, ? PracticeAdd a question tag to the following sentences. shall we_VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarwi
103、ll you_will/wont you_cant you_will you_Consolidation Activities- Grammar10VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammara negative imperativeConsolidation Activities- Grammar11VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarto show annoyanc
104、e3. Another, other(s), the other(s)*“Another” means 1) additional, one more (sometimes two more, three more .) person or thing of the same type; 2) a different one, not the same person or thing.Consolidation Activities- Grammar12VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningG
105、rammare.g. I need another week / two weeks to finish this investigation.We finally moved to another apartment. *“Other” is always followed by plural nouns. It means 1) additional; 2) else, different. “Others” means more people or things. Consolidation Activities- Grammar13VocabularyTranslation Integ
106、rated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g. Danny is playing with two other children. Saudi Arabia produces more oil than any other country (Singular noun must be used after “any other”.) I only know about this book, but there might be others (= other books). *“The other (one)” means the
107、second of the two people or things. “The others” (= the other ones) means the rest of the people or things. Note that here there must be a specific context. Consolidation Activities- Grammar14VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g. You can park on the other
108、side of the street. Shes much brighter than all the other children in her class (“In her class” serves as a specific context.). Consolidation Activities- Grammar15VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarPracticecomplete the following sentences with the words or p
109、hrases in the box. another other the other others the others1. I spent half of my time teaching law and in London as a consultant to a big firm. 2. Cars are useful, but whether they are good for the environment is matter altogether. 3. The company says it has to reduce its labor costs. In words, som
110、e of us are going to lose our jobs. the other_another_other_4. You shouldnt expect to do your work for you. 5. She was the only person who replied to the invitation none of bothered. 6. There is room for few people in the back of the bus. 7. A: Have you met Sallys brothers? B: Ive met one. I didnt k
111、now he has . A: Oh, he has two .Consolidation Activities- Grammar16VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarothers_another other the other others the othersthe others_another_another_others_Consolidation Activities- Grammar17VocabularyTranslation Integrated skills
112、Oral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarthe second part of my timeConsolidation Activities- Grammar18VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammara different oneConsolidation Activities- Grammar19VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGram
113、mardifferent, usually it is followed by plural nounsConsolidation Activities- Grammar20VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammar“Others” can refer to people in general, not including yourself.Consolidation Activities- Grammar21VocabularyTranslation Integrated skil
114、lsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarthe restConsolidation Activities- Translation11. 那个精神科医生因为在公共场合谈论他的病人而被指控那个精神科医生因为在公共场合谈论他的病人而被指控违反了职业道德规范违反了职业道德规范。 (ethics)“Ethics” is the motivation based on ideas of right and wrong or the philosophical study of moral values and rules.That psychiatrist who
115、 had talked about his patients in public, was charged with violating professional ethics. VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningTranslate the following sentences into English.The public relation department launched a program to promote business ethics in 2009.
116、Consolidation Activities- Translation2Practice： Translate the following sentences into English.他的职业道德不容许他这么做。他的职业道德不容许他这么做。社会力量，包括伦理，在法律通过前就已经形成社会力量，包括伦理，在法律通过前就已经形成。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarThe ethics of his profession dont permit him to do that.S
117、ocial forces, including ethics, arise before laws are passed.公共关系部于公共关系部于2009年开展了增强商业道德的活动。年开展了增强商业道德的活动。Consolidation Activities- Translation32. 我们都信任董事长，因为他是个刚正不阿的人我们都信任董事长，因为他是个刚正不阿的人。 (integrity) “Integrity” is the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right. At the sam
118、e time, “integrity” can also refers to the state of being united as a complete thing.VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarWe all trust the president for his absolute integrity.The tradition of integrity is very important for the company.Consolidation Activitie
119、s- Translation4Practice： Translate the following sentences into English. 他为人正直，决不食言。他为人正直，决不食言。罗马城墙尚可见到，但已经不完整了。罗马城墙尚可见到，但已经不完整了。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarHes a man of integrity and he never breaks his promises.Roman Walls may still be seen, but not
120、 in their integrity.良好的诚信记录对一个企业来讲非常重要。良好的诚信记录对一个企业来讲非常重要。Consolidation Activities- Translation53. 在我们投票支持他之前，我们想知道他的主张在我们投票支持他之前，我们想知道他的主张。 (stand for)“To stand for something” means to support a particular set of ideas, values and beliefs. VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWriti
121、ngListeningGrammarBefore we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.Consolidation Activities- Translation6Practice：Translate the following sentences into English. 他的这种理论是站不住脚的。他的这种理论是站不住脚的。我们坚持我们坚持“平等互利平等互利”的原则。的原则。VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGramma
122、rHe hasnt a leg to stand for a theory of his.We stand for the principle of equality and mutual benefit. Consolidation Activities- Translation74. 这笔钱是在被告家里发现的，被告对此不能作出令人满这笔钱是在被告家里发现的，被告对此不能作出令人满意的解释意的解释。 (account for) “To account for” is to give reasons or explanation for something. Another meaning i
123、s to form a particular amount or part of something.VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarThe defendant couldnt account for the fact that the money was found in his house. Consolidation Activities- Translation8VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activiti
124、esWritingListeningGrammarPractice： Translate the following sentences into English.中国的山区面积占国土总面积的中国的山区面积占国土总面积的70%。他突然感到一阵莫名其妙的不安情绪。他突然感到一阵莫名其妙的不安情绪。Mountainous areas account for 70 percent of Chinas total territory.He was suddenly seized with a relentlessness he couldnt account for. Consolidation Ac
125、tivities- Integrated skillsVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarDictationFill in the blanksConsolidation Activities- Integrated skillsVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarDictationYou will hear a passage read three times
126、. At the first reading, you should listen carefully for its general idea. At the second reading, you are required to write down the exact words you have just heard (with proper punctuation). At the third reading, you should check what you have written down.Dictation In order to learn to be ones true
127、 self, / it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge / of what has been said and done in the world; / critically to inquire into it; / carefully to consider it; / clearly to analyze it; / and earnestly to carry it out. / It matters not what you learn, / but when you once learn a thing,
128、/ you must never give it up / until you have thoroughly understood it. / It matters not what you try to think of, / but when you once try to think of a thing, / you must never give it up / until you have done it thoroughly and well. / If another man succeeds by one effort, / you will use a hundred e
129、fforts. / If another man succeeds by ten efforts, / you will use a thousand.Consolidation Activities- Integrated skillsVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- WritingVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningG
130、rammarSubordinating conjunctionsPracticeConsolidation Activities- WritingSubordinating Conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions connect subordinate clauses to main clauses. There are numerous subordinating conjunctions. The more commonly used ones are: after, although, as, as far as, as soon as, as i
131、f, as though, because, before, even if, even though, every time, for fear that（唯恐，害怕）, how, if, inasmuch as, in case (that) , in order that, in so far as（至于）, in that, just as so, lest, next time, no matter how, now that, once, provided (that)（假如，假设）, since, so that, supposing (that), than, that, th
132、e first/second time, the last time, though, till, unless, until, when, whenever, VocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarConsolidation Activities- WritingVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammarwhere, wherever, whether, while,
133、 why. They are used to introduce subordinate clauses of various kinds. Generally, subordinate clauses have the following functions:e.g.A. Concession (though, although, even if, even).Although no one was injured, more than two hundred homes were destroyed.Consolidation Activities- WritingVocabularyTr
134、anslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g.B. Identification （关系连词）（关系连词）(that, when, who):Firefighters, who came from several neighboring cities, fought the fire for two days. e.g.C. Time (before, when, after, while, as, as soon as, till, until):While I was teaching in a h
135、igh school, she was working as a nurse in a hospital.The promoters（主办者，承办者） installed loudspeakers outside in order that those waiting to get in could hear the music.Consolidation Activities- WritingVocabularyTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g.D. Cause (since, bec
136、ause, as):Since you missed the deadline, you will have to pay extra fees.e.g.E. Condition (if, unless, provided, in case, as long as):If a new storm comes, the road will be closed.e.g.F. Purpose (so that, in order that):I got up late so that I missed the train.Consolidation Activities- WritingVocabu
137、laryTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningGrammare.g.G. Manner (as, as if, as though, how):Please do as your doctor says.e.g.H. Place (where):Where the road forks, you will find a service station.e.g.I. Result (so that):Consolidation Activities- WritingPracticeCombine the follo
138、wing sentences with appropriate subordinating conjunctions and delete unnecessary words.1. Commercials are necessary for business. Commercials can be annoying to the public.VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningAlthough commercials are necessary for business, t
139、hey can be annoying to the public. ConcessionConsolidation Activities- Writing2. Health is above wealth. The latter cannot give so much happiness as the former.VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningHealth is above wealth because the latter cannot give so much h
140、appiness as the former. Cause3. The police arrived. The thieves ran away.When the police arrived, the thieves ran away. TimeConsolidation Activities- Writing4. One can not learn a foreign language well. He doesnt study hard.VocabularyGrammarTranslation Integrated skillsOral activitiesWritingListeningOne can not learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard. Condition5. The lecturer raised his voice. We could hear him clearly.The lecturer raised his voice so that/in order that we could hear him clearly. PurposeOr: The lecturer raised his voice so that we heard him clearly. Result
