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1、n名词性从句名词性从句n在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses）。）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此名词性从句又可分别称为因此名词性从句又可分别称为nThat few students listened to the song is known to me.nIt is known to me that few students listened to the song .n主语从句主语从句nI know th
2、at few students listened to the song .n宾语从句宾语从句nThe fact is that few students listened to the song .n表语从句表语从句nI know the fact that few students listened to the song .同位语从句同位语从句判断下列从句的名称。判断下列从句的名称。1.Whoever is caught smoking will be punished.2.It is important that we should believe in ourselves.3.Ple
3、ase dont tell my mother that I didnt pass the exam.4.The problem depends on whether we have enough money.5.He made it clear that he wouldnt accept the money.6. Thats what I want.7.This is where our problem lies.8.I have no idea why he didnt go to school.9.9. The problem who should do the work requir
4、es consideration.主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句*从句为从句为陈述句语序陈述句语序并且有并且有连接词连接词*引导名词性从句的引导名词性从句的连接词连接词可分为四类：可分为四类：连接词连接词 连接词是否在连接词是否在从句中从句中充当成分充当成分从从属属连连词词 that whether, if不充当成分，仅起连接作用不充当成分，仅起连接作用不充当成分，但有中文含不充当成分，但有中文含义义“是否是否”连接词连接词 连接词是否在连接词是否在从句中从句中从句中从句中
5、充当成分充当成分连连接接代代词词主语，宾语，表语，定语主语，宾语，表语，定语主语，宾语，定语主语，宾语，定语主语，宾语，表语，定语主语，宾语，表语，定语主语，宾语，定语主语，宾语，定语主语，宾语主语，宾语主语，表语主语，表语宾语宾语宾语宾语定语定语what whateverwhichwhicheverwhowhoeverwhomwhomeverwhose连接词连接词 连接词是否在连接词是否在从句中从句中从句中从句中充当成分充当成分连连接接副副词词时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语方式状语方式状语whenwherehowwhy其它其它 ：because, as if / as th
6、ough, how many , how much，how often 1._ we need is time.2._ you like him or not is none of my business.3._ you dont like him is none of my business.4._ brother died was a secret.5._his brother died was a secret.6._ he is ready to help others is known to all.7.It is known to all _ he is ready to help
7、 others What WhetherThatWhoseThat/ How/ When/ WhereThatThatSubject clause (主语从句主语从句) 1 That he will succeed is certain. It is certain that he will succeed.2 Whether he will go there is not known. It is not known whether he will go there.3 When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. It ha
8、s not been decided yet when the meeting will be held.为避免主语冗长为避免主语冗长,句子头句子头重脚轻重脚轻,经常用经常用it作形式作形式主语主语,而把真正的主语而把真正的主语主语从句放在后面。主语从句放在后面。nIt 作形式主语作形式主语n1）It + be + adj./n./pp.+ 从句从句nIt is important that we should study hard.nIt is a fact that he knows a lot. nIt is reported that the team won the match.n2
9、) It doesnt matter / It makes no difference / It happens +从句从句nIt makes no difference whether he will come or not.宾语从句宾语从句nEverybodyknew_theearthmovesaroundthesun.nTheproblemdependson_wehaveenoughmoney.nIamafraid_Ihavemadeamistake.n*Hemade_clearthathewouldntacceptthemoney.n*Ithink_impossiblethatTomm
10、yeatsteneggsatatime.(that)whetherthatitit 在宾语从句中一般在宾语从句中一般不能省略不能省略that 的情况：的情况：（1）当主句的状语位于）当主句的状语位于that宾语从句之前时宾语从句之前时that 不宜省。不宜省。 Napoleon realized at once that he had never seen that soldier before. (2) 当当that宾语从句的状语位于从句的前面时，宾语从句的状语位于从句的前面时， that不宜省略。不宜省略。 I promised that if anyone came to set me
11、free, I would make him king over the earth.（3）当一个动词接两个或两个以上的）当一个动词接两个或两个以上的that从句作从句作宾语时（有时用宾语时（有时用and连接两个或多个宾语从句）连接两个或多个宾语从句）that 不宜省略不宜省略 He said that French was the most beautiful language in the world and that we must keep it in mind.（4）当宾语从句的主语是）当宾语从句的主语是this，that或或this ，that修饰从句的主语时，修饰从句的主语时，t
12、hat 不宜省略不宜省略 He said that that was an excellent idea.(5)当当that 宾语从句前宾语从句前有作形式宾语有作形式宾语it时时 that不不 宜省略宜省略. 例如例如We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.（6）在直接引语中，主句和）在直接引语中，主句和that宾语从句被隔开宾语从句被隔开时，时，that 不宜省略不宜省略 “Im sorry to tell you”，he said ，“that you d
13、idt watch me carefully enough what I did.” 表语从句表语从句在在be 动词动词或或连系动词连系动词后说明主语是什么或怎么后说明主语是什么或怎么样的成分称为表语样的成分称为表语. 如是句子如是句子,称为表语从句称为表语从句. be / seem / sound / become + 表语从句表语从句 It looks as if That is because That is why. The reason_. is _.whythatthat The boy seems _ he has got the present .The reason is _
14、 he had a bad headache.He was ill. That was _ he didnt come.He didnt come. That was _ he was ill.It looks _ it is going to rain.What we are worried about is _ we can finish the task or not.that why because as if whether 同位语从句同位语从句n常跟在某些抽象名词后，用来表示抽象名词常跟在某些抽象名词后，用来表示抽象名词的的具体内容具体内容的句子称为同位语从句。的句子称为同位语从句
15、。neg:fact,idea,thought,order,plan,suggestion,news,truth,hope,question,problem,belief,doubt等等.1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night._ The fact that
16、two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.that He told me the news _Chinese players had won 20 gold medals.I have no idea _he will come.Will you follow his sugges
17、tion _we should review our lessons every evening ?They spread the lie everywhere _ I stole the necklace.Word came _ he passed the exam. how / when / whether that that that n注意事项注意事项*1)在名词性从句中在名词性从句中,连接词连接词that只起连只起连接作用接作用,不作任何成分不作任何成分,没有词义没有词义,但不可省略但不可省略(部分宾部分宾语从句除外语从句除外). 通过考试使他非常兴奋。（主语从句）主语从句）That
18、 he had passed the exam made him excited事实是他已经通过了考试。（表语从句）。（表语从句）The fact is that he has passed the exam。通过考试这一事实使他非常兴奋（同位语从句）（同位语从句）The fact that he had passed the exam made him excited. 约翰说他已经通过了考试。（宾语从句）宾语从句）John said （that）he had passed the exam。* 2）从属连词：）从属连词：whether/ if (是否是否)1) I dont know _
19、he will come or not.2) They are talking about _ he will win the game.3) We really dont know _ to go shopping.4) _ he will come is still a problem.whetherwhether 以下情况只用以下情况只用whether、不用、不用if：表语从句表语从句 ，同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句，同位语从句及位于句首的主语从句从句中有从句中有 or not 从句作介词的宾语从句作介词的宾语 宾语为不定式宾语为不定式whetherwhether*3）who 与与wh
20、oever 的区别的区别_leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. I dont know _ turned off the lights._ will go here hasnt been decided yet.Leave the cake to _ comes late.WhoeverwhoWhowhoever*4）whoever / whatever / whichever 与与 no matter who/what/which 的区别的区别_ the child says, we dont believe him. We d
21、ont believe _ the child says.Dont always give him_ he wants.Whatever/Nomatterwhatwhateverwhatever5). 定语从句和同位语从句的区别定语从句和同位语从句的区别1)The news that he died surprised me.2)(that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,不能省略）不能省略）2) The news (that) he told us was true. (that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）1) It is by no means clear
22、_ the president can do to end the strike.(12年全国）年全国）A.how B. which C. that D. what2).It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to park. (12年年天津）天津）A.whether B. how C. if D. when3). It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.(12年江西）年江西）A. whether
23、B. Where C. which D. that 高考真题高考真题DAD4) As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _ suits you best.(12年陕西）年陕西）A.whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever5).We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. (12年福年福建）建） A.who B. whom C. whoev
24、er D. whomever6). The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be put off . (12年江苏）年江苏）A. when B. that C. whether D. how BCB7) Weve offered her the job, but I dont know _ shell accept it.(11年山东）年山东）A.where B. what C. whether D. which8)._ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty
25、 and happiness. (11年北京）年北京）A.Which B. What C.That D. Whom9).Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.(2010湖南湖南) A. where B. whether C. that D. why CBD10) .(2010浙江浙江) It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two
26、thousand patients have taken it. A. that B. what C. how D. whether11) .(2010四川四川) How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives A. what B. who C. how D. why 12) (2010全国全国)-Have you finished the book? - No, Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave. A. which B. what C. hat D. whereBBD
