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1、 语法专项提升介词和介词短语 表进行意义的四类介词短语(1)at名词He was at dinner when I came.我来时他正在吃饭。She stayed at work when everybody else had gone home.别人都回家了，她却还在工作。类似的还有：at work在办公at play在玩耍at lunch在吃中饭 at rest在休息at table在吃饭 at school在上学at church在做礼拜 at peace和平时期at press正在排印有些结构可能带有冠词或物主代词：at ones meals在吃饭at ones study在学习at
2、 the piano在弹钢琴at the end (of)在结束时at the desk在读书(2)in名词He is in the army.他正在当兵。Hes been in politics all his life.他一生从政。Her husband was in business.她丈夫是经商的。He looks tired.He is in need of a rest.他看起来很累了，需要休息一会儿。类似的还有：in action在运转 in progress在进行in operation在运行中有些结构可能带有冠词：in the course of在过程中in the act
3、of正在做时(3)on名词Are you here on business or for pleasure?你是来办事还是来玩？The typist is away on holiday this week.打字员本周休假。The man on watch didnt notice the danger.值班的人没有注意到这危险。类似的还有：on guard在值勤 on leave在休假on holiday在度假 on strike在罢工on sale出售 on loan借贷有些结构带有冠词：on the march在行军 on the watch注意，提防on the increase正在增
4、加 on the go正在活动，正在奔走on the air正在广播(4)under名词(名词前有时有冠词修饰)Dont worry.Everything is under control.别担心，一切都在控制之中。That has no relation to the matter under discussion.这和讨论的问题没有关系。类似的还有：under development在发展中under observation在观察中under test在被测试under construction在建设中under fire在炮火中under examination在检查(调查)中under
5、 consideration在考虑中under repair在修理中原因介词because of，due to，thanks tobecause of因为，由于，通常作状语，位于句首或句尾。due to由于，因为，通常作表语。thanks to幸亏，多亏，既可用于褒义，又可用于贬义，多用于句首。The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday because of the heavy rain.由于大雨这次运动会将推迟到下星期六举行。His illness was due to smoking and drinking.他的病是由于吸烟喝酒引
6、起的。for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语(1)It isadj.of sb.to do sth.sb.beadj.to do sth.当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用of。常见的形容词有kind，good，nice，clever，stupid，foolish，considerate，polite，impolite，cruel等。It is kind of the teachers to help support the poor students.The teachers are kind to help support the poor students.去帮助支持贫困的学
7、生，这种老师真好。(2)It isadj.for sb.to do sth.当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有important，necessary，possible，impossible等。It is quite important for us to protect our environment.对我们来说保护我们的环境相当重要。of抽象名词形容词ofgreat/much抽象名词very形容词；ofno抽象名词not形容词。It is of great/much value.It is very valuable.它很有价值。 to与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的
8、感觉”这种表达法表示结果，用做状语，位置前、中、后皆可。为了强调，可在前面加much，意为“使某人的是”。Much to my regret，I didnt follow your advice.我非常后悔的是，我没有接受你的建议。 by的用法(1)表示“不迟于(某时间)”的意思。I have promised to have the work finished by the end of this week.我已经答应本周末完成这项工作了。(2)表示“在期间”(一段指明的时间)的意思。They decided to travel by night.他们决定在夜里旅行。(3)指人体或物体的某一
9、部分。此人此物，句中前面的总述对此有较为明确的特指。He seized me by the arm.他抓住了我的胳膊。(4)表示“由于的结果”的意思。He succeeded by hard work.他由于努力工作而成功了。(5)含有“到的程度”的意思。This one is shorter than the other by three inches.这一个比那一个短三英寸。We lost the match by one goal.我们以一球之差输了那场比赛。(6)表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量，或付酬所按以计算的时间。Milk is sold by the pint，butter by
10、 the pound，and eggs by the dozen.牛奶论品脱卖，黄油论镑卖，蛋类论打卖。(7)表示“按照”或“根据”的意思。By my watch，the time is half past eleven.按我的表，现在是十一点半。By the expression on his face，he seemed to be displeased.从他的面部表情来看，他似乎不高兴。(8)表示“因而得到结果”或“凭着”的意思。It was only by chance that I heard the news.我只是偶然听到了这个消息。1(2009年辽宁卷)Usually John
11、 would be late for meetings.But this time，_to my surprise，he arrived on time.Alittle BmuchCever Deven【解析】句意为：约翰平时开会总是迟到。但是这次，令我特别惊讶的是他竟然准时到会了。much to ones surpriseto ones great surprise。【答案】B2(2009年江苏卷)This special school accepts all disabled students，_educational level and background.Aaccording to
12、Bregardless ofCin addition to Din terms of【解析】句意为：这所特殊教育学校接收所有残疾学生，不管教育水平和教育背景。according to据所说，按所载；根据，按照；regardless of不顾，不管；in addition to除之外(还)；in terms of按照，从方面来说。【答案】B3(2009年辽宁卷)Children need friends _their own age to play with.Aof BforCin Dat【解析】句意为：儿童需要与他们同龄的朋友玩耍。of their own age与他们同龄的，介词短语作后置定
13、语。【答案】A4(2009年湖北卷)His efforts to raise money for his program were_because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.Ain place Bin sightCin effect Din vain【解析】句意为：他为他的项目筹集资金的努力付诸东流了，因为没有一个人愿意从腰包里掏出一分钱。in place在适当的位置，准备就绪；in sight在视线内可以看见；in effect生效，起作用；in vain徒劳。又如：They tried i
14、n vain to persuade her to go.他们极力劝说她去，但枉费了一番口舌。All our efforts were in vain.我们所有的努力全都是枉费心机。【答案】D5(2009年全国卷)Everybody was touched_words after they heard her moving story.Abeyond BwithoutCof Din【解析】句意为：在听了她的动人的故事后，他们每个人都深深地感动了，这种感动是无法用言语表达的。beyond意为“超出，超过”。beyond构成的其他短语：beyond control控制不了；beyond reach
15、够不着；beyond description无法描述；beyond repair无法修理。【答案】A6(2009年北京卷)The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way，_little foreign ownership.Aby BofCwith Dfrom【解析】句意为：这个地区的酿酒业发展得很特别，几乎没有外资公司。with相当于having。【答案】C7(2009年天津卷)The art show was_being a failure；it was a great success.Afar from Balong
16、 withCnext to Dregardless of【解析】句意为：此次美术展绝非失败，而是巨大的成功。far from远非，毫不，简直不。【答案】A8(2009年上海卷)Four Chinese models were_the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.Aamong BbetweenCalong Dbeside【解析】句意为：在周五世界超级模特大赛上，4位中国模特跻身14位获奖选手之列。among相当于one of.；included in之中，之列；between在(两者
17、)之间；along沿着；beside在旁边。【答案】A9(2009年重庆卷)Try on this red skirt；you will look great_it.Aon BbyCin Dfor【解析】句意为：你试穿一下这件红色的裙子，你穿着它会很好看的。英语中介词in表示“穿着、带着”的意义时，表状态，常用于名词后作定语或表语，如：the man in a blue hat戴着蓝礼帽的那个男人；Susan is in yellow today.苏珊今天穿了一身黄色的衣服。【答案】C10(2009年福建卷)How amazing it is that astronauts are explo
18、ring outer space!Its a challenge，I guess，_man against nature.Aof BforCby Dabout【解析】句意为：宇航员们在探测外部空间，多么神奇呀！我想，这是人类与大自然搏斗的主要难题之一。challenge常与of连用，of表示“coming from”来源于。【答案】A1(2010届哈尔滨联考)We should talk about the things_the childrens understanding in a simple way.Aover BbeyondCabove Dunder【解析】考查介词辨析。句意为：我们
19、应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。D项不符合句意，above和over一般描述位置，beyond超过，非所能及，符合语意。【答案】B2(2010届宁夏银川一中月考)Eventually，the President had to leave office_public pressure in order to ease the tension of the situation.Ain favor of Bin response toCin return for Din honour of【解析】in response to表示“作为的回应”，即总统被迫辞职，以作为对公众压力的回应。
20、其他几项不合题意。in favor of赞同；in return for表示“作为的回报”；in honour of为纪念。【答案】B3(2010届绵阳中学期中测试)When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in，people present all burst_laughing while he burst_tears.Ainto；in Binto；outCout；into Dout；in【解析】考查固定搭配。句意为：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。burst out laughing表示“突然大笑起来”，burs
21、t into tears表示“突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配。【答案】C4(2010届石家庄联考)_the latest estimates，insects account for probably 4 to 6 million of the species of creatures living on the planet.AOwing to BAccording toCIn spite of DIn case of【解析】考查介词短语辨析。此处表示“根据”最新的估计，故选B项“根据，按照”。A.因为，C.尽管，D.万一，都不符合题意。【答案】B5(2010届华师大附中期中测试)How lon
22、g have these archaeologists stayed in this village?Not long，just_this Monday.Aon BuntilCafter Dsince【解析】考查介词。依据问句可知是现在完成时，而A、B、C三个选项都不能与现在完成时连用，只有since与过去时间点连用时用现在完成时，故D正确。【答案】D6(2010年郑州一模)The man was hit_the head_a stone while traveling in the mountain.Aon；with Bin；byCon；by Din；with【解析】考查介词的用法。“打在某
23、人头上”习惯用介词on；后面一空中的by引出动作的发出者。【答案】C7(2010年湖北重点中学第二次联考)The survivors of the crashed plane had no food or water and were_the extreme cold weather.Ain the possession of Bin the charge ofCat the mercy of Dat the risk of【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意为：这架坠毁飞机的幸存者没有食物和水，面对极端寒冷的天气束手无策。in the possession of被拥有，in the charge
24、of由负责，at the mercy of受/听任摆布，at the risk of冒的危险。从语意判断选C。【答案】C8(2010届江西师大附中、临川一中联考)Lets look up the word in the dictionary.Do you have one_？Ain hand Bin needCat once Don your hands【解析】考查介词短语辨析。in hand在手边；in need需要；at once马上；on ones hands由某人负责。in hand符合语意。【答案】A9(2010年海淀一模)Once made out，the plan must be
25、 carried out_any difficulty.Aregardless of Binstead ofCbecause of Din need of【解析】句意为：一旦作出计划，不管多难，都要开展下去。regardless of不管，无论如何；instead of代替，而不是；because of因为；in need of需要。结合选项和语意可知应该选A项。【答案】A10(2009年安徽示范性高中联考二)Our city is more open to the outside and ranks No.2 in the country_the level of international
26、ization.Ain honor of Bin terms ofCin place of D.in charge of【解析】考查介词短语。in terms of 在方面，就而言；in honor of向表示敬意；in place of取代；in charge of负责。【答案】B11(2009年唐山二模)Its not surprising you are tired._，you stayed up reading until eleven last night.AAbove all BIn allCAt all DAfter all【解析】考查短语辨析。句意为：你疲惫不堪不足为奇，毕竟，
27、你昨晚读书熬夜到11 点。after all表示“毕竟”；above all表示“首先，最重要的是”；in all 表示“总计”；at all一般与not 连用，表示“根本不”。【答案】D12(2009年东城检测一)Students should be able to think for themselves_just obeying teachers.Ain case of BbesidesCexcept Dinstead of【解析】考查介词的用法。语境：学生应该能够自我思考，而不是仅仅听从老师的话。instead of表示“而不是”。【答案】D13(2009年西城4月)Where sha
28、ll we go to spend the weekend?Nowhere_，anywhere you like.Ain all Bin generalCin case Din particular【解析】该题考查介词短语。句意为：我们到什么地方去过周末？没有什么特别的地方，你喜欢的地方就行。in all总共；in general总的来说，一般来说；in case以防，万一；in particular尤其，特别。【答案】D14(2009年东城第一学期检测)Pleasant music is often played_classes to make students refreshed and
29、relaxed for a while.Abetween BamongCover Dafter【解析】考查介词。由语境可知，这里说的是课间音乐，它只能在两节课之间播放，故用between。among表示在三者及三者以上之间，over强调在期间，如果用over，则表在上课期间放音乐，这是不可能的。after不符合语境。【答案】A15(2009年成都第二次诊断)For holidays，many people visit those islands_the coast of Australia.Ain BonCoff Dof【解析】考查介词。coast通常与on或off连用，on the coast意为“在沿海地区”；off the coast意为“在近海”；根据常识可知，题干中的islands应位于海水中，故C项正确。【答案】C
