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1、Book FourUnit SixRisksUnit SixUnit SixTask 1: Risks in jobsTask 2: Risks in entertaining Task 3: Risks in successTask 1Task 2Task 3RisksRisksRisk is the probability of losing something of value. Since we value life above other things, the greatest risk for most people is the risk of death. Other thi
2、ngs we value include health, safety, money, property, relationships and happiness. Task 1Task 2Task 3 Risks in Jobs Risks in JobsTask 1Directions:Manyjobsinvolverisks.Someevenhaveseveralrisks.Workinpairstoclassifythefollowinglistofjobs.coal-minerstockbrokerpolicemanpresidentfiremansingerlawyerteache
3、rbusinessman pilotmodelwriterfarmer factoryworkerpsychiatristchemicalengineercomputerprogrammerTask 1Task 2Task 3 Risks in JobsRisks in JobsPhysicalRisksFinancialRisksEmotionalRiskscoal-minerpolicemanteacherpilotfiremanwriterfactoryworkerchemicalengineercomputerprogrammerbusinessmanstockbrokerfarmer
4、writerpsychiatristlawyerpresidentteachersingerpsychologistwritermodelTask 1Task 1Task 2Task 3 Risks in JobsRisks in JobsDirections:Thoughmanyjobsinvolvedifferenttypesofrisks,westillhavetodoit.Watchthevideoanddiscusswithyourgroupmembersthefollowingquestions.Doyouthinkpeopleinthevideoaredoingariskyjob
5、?Doyouwishtoruntherisk?Whatdoyouthinkisthemostriskyjob?Why?Task 1Task 1Task 2Task 3VideoVideoTask 1Click to stop and click again to continueTask 1Task 2Task 3Risks in Entertaining ActivitiesRisks in Entertaining ActivitiesTask 2Peoplenowadaysarenolongercontenttothosetraditionalholidayexperiences.The
6、yareseekingmorethrillingactivities.Watchtheflash,youwillseeakindofexcitingbutveryriskyactivity.幻灯放映后在画面上点右键选播放幻灯放映后在画面上点右键选播放Task 1Task 2Task 3Task 2Directions:Doyouliketheactivityintheflash?Thinkaboutthefollowingquestionsandtelltheclassyouranswers.Risks in Entertaining ActivitiesRisks in Entertaini
7、ng ActivitiesListasmanyaspossibletheactivitiesyouthinkareexcitingandriskyaswell.Choosethemostriskyoneandtellwhyyouthinkso.Doyouprefermoretraditionaloneormorethrillingone?Task 1Task 2Task 3Risks in SuccessRisks in SuccessMost people can do extraordinary things if they have the confidence or take the
8、risks. Yet most people dont. They sit in front of the telly and treat life as if it goes on forever. Philip Andrew Adams However well organized the foundations of life may be, life must always be full of risks. Henry Havelock EllisTask 3Task 1Task 2Task 3Risks in SuccessRisks in SuccessTask 3Achievi
9、ngsuccessalwaysinvolveshardworkandrisks.Withnocouragetoovercomethedifficultiesandchallengetherisks,therewillnotbesuccess.Watchthevideoofastoryandtellthestory“ToCatchTheTigerCub,OneMustEnterTheTigersLair”toyourclassmatesinEnglish.AndsayifBanChaohadntruntherisk,whatwouldhavehappened?Task 1Task 2Task 3
10、Risks in SuccessRisks in SuccessToCatchtheTigerCub,OneMustEntertheTigersLairTask 3Click to stop and click again to continueTask 1Task 2Task 3ToCatchTheTigerCub,OneMustEnterTheTigersLairTask 3Ban Chao was a famous military scientist and diplomat in theEaster Han Dynasty. At the time, the Huns aristoc
11、rats grewincreasinglypowerful.TheycapturedandruledthewideWesternRegion, and ruthlessly suppressed the people living there andmenacedtheEasternHanKingdom.SomesmallcountriesintheWesternRegionsfearedtheHuns,buttheyalsodidnotwanttobecomeestrangedwithHanKingdom.TheemperoroftheHanKingdom dispatched Ban Ch
12、ao to those countries to establishfriendlyrelationswiththem.Leadinganentourageof36men,BanChaofirstreachedthestateofShanshan.Inthebeginning,thekingofShanshanshowedgreathospitality.Butseveraldayslater,theking became hesitant and even cold to Ban Chao. Afterinvestigating,BandiscoveredthattheHunshadalso
13、sentanenvoytoShanshan,usingboththreatsandinducementtocoercethekingofShanshan.Task 1Task 2Task 3Bansooncalledhismentogether:“Nowweareindanger.IfthekingsoughtrefugewiththeHuns,hewillbetrayusandwewillbetakenprisoners.Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddonow?”Hismensaidresolutely:“Whetherweliveordie,wewillfollowyou.
14、”SoBansaidfirmlyanddecisively:“Sohowcanyoucatchthetigercubwithoutenteringthetigersliar?WhatisleftforustodonowistosneakintotheHunsenvoyscampsiteatnight,taketheHunsbysurprise.”ThatnightBanandhismenattachedtheHuns.Theysetonfire,andwiththehelpofthewind,theywipedtheHunsoutinoneblow.Thenextday,Banexplaine
15、dthewholethingtothekingofShanshan.Thekingadmiredhisbraveryandwisdomandagreedimmediately to establish long-standing friendship with the Hankingdom.Thisstorygaverisetotheproverbimplyingnothingventured,nothinggained.Ifonedoesnotenterintotheheartofdanger,onecannotattainsuccess.In-Class ReadingRisks and
16、YouRisks and YouWork in pairs to answer the following questions.Work in pairs to answer the following questions.What is risk? Could you think of as many What is risk? Could you think of as many risks as you can in our life?risks as you can in our life?SampleSampleRiskRisk isis thethe probabilityprob
17、ability thatthat somethingsomething badbad willwillhappen.happen.LifeLifeisisfullfullofofrisks.risks.ForForexample,example,peoplepeoplemaymay hurthurt themselvesthemselves whenwhen ridingriding bicyclesbicycles bybygettinggetting involvedinvolved inin traffictraffic accidents.accidents. AA passenger
18、passengermaymaybebekilledkilledininananairaircrash,crash,ororevenevena achildchildwillwillbebefacedfaced withwith sharpsharp toystoys andand poorpoor childcare.childcare. ThereTheremaymay bebe naturalnatural disastersdisasters suchsuch asas hurricane,hurricane,tsunami,tsunami,infectiousinfectiousdis
19、easesdiseasesorordangerousdangerousflood.flood.ItItseemsthelistcouldgoonandon.seemsthelistcouldgoonandon.What should we do in face of risks? What should we do in face of risks? SampleSampleWhenWhenfacedfacedwithwithrisks,risks,weweshouldshouldstaystaycalmcalmandandtrytrytotogetgethelp.help.Sometimes
20、Sometimeswewecancantaketakemeasuresmeasurestotoreducereducethetheprobabilitiesprobabilitiesofofrisks.risks.ForForinstance,instance,wewecancanreducereducethethespeedspeedwhenwhenridingridingbicyclesbicyclesorormotors;motors;wedwedbetterbetternotnotgogoswimmingswimmingalone;alone;weweshouldntshouldnt
21、trytry dangerousdangerous gamesgames withoutwithout anyanyguidanceguidanceororprotection.protection.WeWeshouldshouldstopstopchildrenchildrenfromplayingdangerousandharmfulgames.fromplayingdangerousandharmfulgames.Whats the difference and similarity between Whats the difference and similarity between
22、hypochondria and anxiety about risks?hypochondria and anxiety about risks?SampleSample Hypochondria,Hypochondria, fearfear ofof diseasedisease andand suspicioussuspiciousofof beingbeing illill isis likelike anxietyanxiety aboutabout risksrisks inin somesomeway.way. BothBoth areare thethe resultresul
23、t ofof partialpartial information.information.ButButthethebigbigdifferencedifferenceisisthatthatthethehypochondriachypochondriaccancan usuallyusually turnturn toto a a physicianphysician toto clarifyclarify thethewholewholesituation.situation.ThenThenheheknowsknowsclearlyclearlywhetherwhetherhehe ha
24、shas thethe suspectedsuspected diseasedisease oror not.not. AsAs toto thetherisksrisksofoflife,life,thethesituationsituationisisnotnotthatthatsimple,simple,forforrisksrisks areare almostalmost alwaysalways a a mattermatter ofof probabilityprobabilityratherthancertainty.ratherthancertainty.Risks are
25、always a matter of probability rather than certainty. (Para. 1-3)comparison between hypochondria and anxiety about the risks of life: SimilarityDifferenceHypochondriaAnxietyabout the Risks of LifeInbothcases,thefearoranxietyfeedsonpartialinformation.Thehypochondriaccanturntoaphysiciantogetadefinitiv
26、eclarificationofthesituation.Risksareamatterofprobabilityratherthancertainty.We can inform ourselves about the relevant risks before any decision-making by measuring the level of a risk. (Para. 4-7)WeWe shouldshould informinformourselvesourselves aboutabout thetherelevantrelevant risksrisks beforebe
27、foremakingmakinganyanydecision.decision.(Para. 4)(Para. 4)Example 1Example 1WeWeneedneedtotoknowknowthetherelativerelativesafetysafetyofoflargelarge carscars andand smallsmallcarscars beforebeforeourourpurchase.purchase.(Para. 5)(Para. 5)ProblemProblem HowHow dodo wewemeasuremeasure thethe levelleve
28、l ofofa arisk?risk?(Para. (Para. 6)6)Example 2Example 2WhichWhich activityactivity isisriskier,riskier, ridingriding inina acarorcarorminingmining? ?(Para. 6)(Para. 6)SolutionSolution RiskRisklevelslevelscancanbebeexpressedexpressedininratiosratiosororfractionsfractions. . (Para. 6-7) (Para. 6-7)Exa
29、mple 3Example 3MiningMining isisfourfourtimestimes riskierriskier thanthanridingriding inin a a carcar. .(Para. 7)(Para. 7)Conclusion (para.8)CommonsenseandCommonsenseandrelevantinformationrelevantinformationarekeystoarekeystomanagingrisksinamanagingrisksinasensibleway.sensibleway.句句句句型型型型应应应应用用用用 I
30、tismuchmoredifficultwhenanxietyaboutotherformsofriskisconcerned,becausewithmanyrisks,thesituationisnotassimple. (Line 15)whensth.isconcerned:就就来说，就来说，就而言而言；有时常用有时常用asfarassth.isconcerned表示表示。译译译译 文文文文ExampleExample谈到谈到政策，我得说几句。政策，我得说几句。Asfaraspolicyisconcerned,Ihavetosaysomething.就就我们我们而言而言,你什么时候走都行
31、。你什么时候走都行。Whenwereconcerned,youcangowheneveryouwant. 译译译译文文文文 Itismuchmoredifficultwhenanxietyaboutotherformsofriskisconcerned,becausewithmanyrisks,thesituationisnotassimple. (Line 15)但当涉及到但当涉及到其它形式的风险时，事情就要困其它形式的风险时，事情就要困难得多，因为对许多风险来说，情况并不那难得多，因为对许多风险来说，情况并不那么简单。么简单。句句句句型型型型应应应应用用用用 ButButwhatwhati
32、f if youyougetgethithitfromfromthethesidesideandandendendupuptrappedtrapped insideinsidethethevehicle,vehicle,unableunabletotoescapeescapebecausebecauseofofa adamageddamagedseatseatbeltbeltmechanism?mechanism? ( ( Line20) Line20) 译译译译 文文文文whatif？相当于相当于whatwouldhappenif意为：意为：“如果如果那又怎么办呢那又怎么办呢？”如果如果她改
33、变主意不来她改变主意不来怎么办怎么办?WhatifWhatifshechangeshermindanddoesntturnup?shechangeshermindanddoesntturnup?要要是是他他妈妈妈妈不不喜喜欢欢这这个个女女孩孩该该怎怎么办么办？WhatWhat if ifhismotherdoesnthismotherdoesntlikethegirl?likethegirl?ExampleExample如果如果我们对家人和朋友不忠我们对家人和朋友不忠怎么办怎么办？WhatWhat if ifwearefaithlesstoourfriendsandwearefaithless
34、toourfriendsandfamilies?families?endendupuptrappedtrapped一一一一句句句句中中中中 trappedtrapped是是是是过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词词表表表表示示示示伴随，本分句译为伴随，本分句译为伴随，本分句译为伴随，本分句译为“ “最终被卡在车里最终被卡在车里最终被卡在车里最终被卡在车里” ”。他他最后成了最后成了公司的主管。公司的主管。HeHeendedup(as)endedup(as)headofthefirm.headofthefirm.ExampleExampleendupendup, ,最后成为（处于），后面可接名词（短语
35、）最后成为（处于），后面可接名词（短语）最后成为（处于），后面可接名词（短语）最后成为（处于），后面可接名词（短语）、形容词、现在分词、过去分词或介词短语作状、形容词、现在分词、过去分词或介词短语作状、形容词、现在分词、过去分词或介词短语作状、形容词、现在分词、过去分词或介词短语作状语语语语。你要继续行窃你要继续行窃终归得终归得进监狱。进监狱。IfyoucontinuetostealIfyoucontinuetostealyoullyoullendupendupinprison.inprison.一开始我们并不喜欢它，可一开始我们并不喜欢它，可最后最后我们却为之欢呼。我们却为之欢呼。Wedid
36、ntlikeitfirst,butweWedidntlikeitfirst,butweendedupendedupcheering.cheering.ExampleExample如果他继续那样开车的话，如果他继续那样开车的话，最后会最后会送命的。送命的。IfIf hehe carriescarries onon drivingdriving likelike that,that, hellhell endend upup dead.dead.ExerciseExerciseTheparty_ofAuldLangSyne.聚会聚会聚会聚会在在在在“ “友谊地久天长友谊地久天长友谊地久天长友谊地久
37、天长” ”的歌声中结束的歌声中结束的歌声中结束的歌声中结束。endedupwiththesingingIfyoudontworkhard,_.Ifyoudontworkhard,_.如果你不努力，如果你不努力，如果你不努力，如果你不努力，终将一事无成终将一事无成终将一事无成终将一事无成。youllendupnowhere请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子。Hejumpedintotherivertosavethechildbut_.他跳进河里去救那个小孩，他跳进河里去救那个小孩，他跳进河里去救那个小孩，他跳进河里去救那个小孩，结果却被水草缠住了结果却被水草缠住了结果却被水草缠住了结果却被水草缠住
38、了。endeduptrappedbythewaterweeds译译译译文文文文 ButButwhatwhatif if youyougetgethithitfromfromthethesidesideandandendendupuptrappedtrapped insideinsidethethevehicle,vehicle,unableunabletotoescapeescapebecausebecauseofofa adamageddamagedseatseatbeltbeltmechanism?mechanism? ( ( Line20)Line20)倘若倘若你的车侧面被撞，你的车侧面
39、被撞，结果你被困在结果你被困在车里，车里，又因安全带装置遭破坏而无法挣脱，又因安全带装置遭破坏而无法挣脱，那怎么那怎么办呢办呢？句句句句子子子子分分分分析析析析InthecasejustdiscussedInthecasejustdiscussed,wewouldfindthe,wewouldfindtherelativesafetyofcartravelandcoalminingbyrelativesafetyofcartravelandcoalminingbydividingdividingthenumbersofliveslostineachthenumbersofliveslostin
40、eachbybythethenumberofpeopleparticipatingineach.numberofpeopleparticipatingineach.(Line57)(Line57)这这是是一一个个简简单单句句，主主干干结结构构为为wewouldfindtherelativesafety，of引引起起的的介介词词短短语语作作定定语语修修 饰饰 前前 面面 的的 名名 词词relativesafety，bydividingineach是是句句子子的的方方式式状状语语，句句首首的的Inthecasejustdiscussed为为状状语语，意意思思是是“在在刚刚刚刚讨讨论论的的情情况况
41、中中”。结结尾尾中中出出现现了了两两个个each都指的是都指的是eachactivity，“每一项活动每一项活动”。译译译译 文文文文以以6除除30，答案为，答案为5。IfyouIfyoudivide30by6divide30by6,theansweris5.,theansweris5.三十除以六三十除以六等于五。等于五。ThirtydividedbysixThirtydividedbysixisfive.isfive.ExampleExampledividebydivideby用用用用去除去除去除去除译译译译文文文文在刚才讨论的例子中在刚才讨论的例子中，我们可以，我们可以用用每一项活动每一项
42、活动中死亡的人数中死亡的人数除以除以参与该活动的总人数，从而参与该活动的总人数，从而找出汽车旅行与采煤的相对安全性。找出汽车旅行与采煤的相对安全性。InthecasejustdiscussedInthecasejustdiscussed,wewouldfindthe,wewouldfindtherelativesafetyofcartravelandcoalminingbyrelativesafetyofcartravelandcoalminingbydividingdividingthenumbersofliveslostineachthenumbersofliveslostineachby
43、bythethenumberofpeopleparticipatingineach.numberofpeopleparticipatingineach.(Line57)(Line57)句句句句子子子子分分分分析析析析OnceOnceweunderstandweunderstandthatthat riskcanneverbetotallyriskcanneverbetotallyeliminatedfromanysituationandeliminatedfromanysituationandthatthat,therefore,therefore,nothingiscompletelysaf
44、e,nothingiscompletelysafe,wewe willthenseewillthenseethatthattheissuetheissueisnotisnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogetheroneofavoidingrisksaltogetherbutratherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleoneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway.way.(Line 68)(Line 68) 本句是一个主从复合句，从句本句是一个主从复合句，从句Onceweunderstandsafe中中，谓谓语语u
45、nderstand后后有有两两个个由由that引引导导的的并并列列宾宾语语从从句句，主主句句wewillthenseeway中中,动动词词see也也带带了了一一个个由由that引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句，从从句句的的主主要要结结构构为为theissueisnotbutrather。译译译译 文文文文Once(conj.)Once(conj.) : : 一旦一旦一旦一旦一一旦旦打打开开书书本本学学习习，就就不不接接电电话话、不不看看电电视视、不不读读报纸了。报纸了。OnceOncethebooksareopen,phonecallsgothebooksareopen,phonecallsgou
46、nanswered,TVunwatchedandnewspapersunread.unanswered,TVunwatchedandnewspapersunread.对对环环境境一一旦旦造造成成破破坏坏，就就要要花花很很多多年年的的时时间间才才能能使使整个系统恢复。整个系统恢复。OnceOnceenvironmentaldamageisdone,ittakesenvironmentaldamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearsforthesystemtorecover.manyyearsforthesystemtorecover.ExampleExample译译译译文文文文一旦
47、一旦我们懂得在任何情况下都不能完全排除危我们懂得在任何情况下都不能完全排除危险，因而任何事情都不是绝对安全的，险，因而任何事情都不是绝对安全的，我们就我们就会明白会明白问题不在于彻底避免危险而在于如何理问题不在于彻底避免危险而在于如何理智地对付危险。智地对付危险。OnceOnceweunderstandweunderstandthatthat riskcanneverbetotallyriskcanneverbetotallyeliminatedfromanysituationandeliminatedfromanysituationandthatthat,therefore,therefor
48、e,nothingiscompletelysafe,nothingiscompletelysafe,wewe willthenseewillthenseethatthattheissueisnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogethertheissueisnotoneofavoidingrisksaltogetherbutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensiblebutratheroneofmanagingrisksinasensibleway.way.(Line 68)(Line 68) Shewasallowedtokeepthebookinde
49、finitely. indefinitely (adv.) (Line 10, Para. 1)她被允许她被允许她被允许她被允许无限期无限期无限期无限期保存那本书。保存那本书。保存那本书。保存那本书。TranslationTranslation那个关键的商务谈判不能被那个关键的商务谈判不能被无限期无限期地推迟。地推迟。Thatkeybusinesstalkshouldnotbepostponedindefinitely. for a period of time without a fixed limit无限期地无限期地definite indefinite indefinitely defi
50、niteadj. clearly known, seen, or stated; without any uncertainty 明确的明确的, , 一定的一定的ExerciseExercise我们定一下下次比赛的我们定一下下次比赛的我们定一下下次比赛的我们定一下下次比赛的确切日期确切日期确切日期确切日期吧。吧。吧。吧。Letsfix_forthenextmatch.adefinitedate受害者的父母要求一个受害者的父母要求一个受害者的父母要求一个受害者的父母要求一个明确的答复明确的答复明确的答复明确的答复。Thevictimsparentsdemanded_.Thevictimspare
51、ntsdemanded_.adefiniteanswer请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子。providing a last decision that cannot be questioned or changed; conclusive确定的，决定性的，有权威的确定的，决定性的，有权威的definitive (adj.) (Line 13, Para. 2)ExerciseExercise bytheSupremeCourtisbytheSupremeCourtisunlikelytobechanged.unlikelytobechanged.最高法院的最高法院的最高法院的最高法院的最终决定
52、最终决定最终决定最终决定是不太可能改变的。是不太可能改变的。是不太可能改变的。是不太可能改变的。Thedefinitivedecision_ofthatbookhasbeenrevised_ofthatbookhasbeenrevisedseveraltimes.severaltimes.那本书的那本书的那本书的那本书的最终版本最终版本最终版本最终版本已经经历了几次修改。已经经历了几次修改。已经经历了几次修改。已经经历了几次修改。Thedefinitiveedition请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子。Thatdepartmentcouldprovideyouwith_.那个部门能够给你出具那
53、个部门能够给你出具那个部门能够给你出具那个部门能够给你出具一份权威的鉴定书一份权威的鉴定书一份权威的鉴定书一份权威的鉴定书(appraisal)。apieceofdefinitiveappraisalpartial (Line 12, Para. 2)adj. 1) not complete 部分的，不完全的部分的，不完全的ShecouldonlyenjoyaShecouldonlyenjoyapartialpartialrecovery.recovery.她只是她只是她只是她只是部分地部分地部分地部分地恢复了健康（她还恢复了健康（她还恢复了健康（她还恢复了健康（她还没有完全没有完全没有完全没
54、有完全康复）。康复）。康复）。康复）。TranslationTranslation在那座城堡的顶端可以欣赏在那座城堡的顶端可以欣赏到城市的到城市的部分景致部分景致。Apartialviewofthecitycanbeavailableatthetopofthecastle. partial to infml having a strong liking for ( ( 非正式非正式) ) 过分喜欢，偏爱过分喜欢，偏爱 MysisterisveryMysisterisverypartialtopartialtoSuperGirlZhangSuperGirlZhangLiangyingLiangy
55、ing. .我妹妹非常我妹妹非常我妹妹非常我妹妹非常偏爱偏爱偏爱偏爱超级女生张靓颖。超级女生张靓颖。超级女生张靓颖。超级女生张靓颖。TranslationTranslation我非常我非常喜欢喜欢吃甜食。吃甜食。Imverypartialtosweetfood. adj. 3) unfairly supporting one person or one group against another 偏向一方的，偏袒的，不公正的偏向一方的，偏袒的，不公正的ExerciseExerciseThereferee_Thereferee_BayenBayen MunichinthatEuropeanCha
56、mpionsLeaguematch.MunichinthatEuropeanChampionsLeaguematch. 裁判在那场欧洲冠军联赛的比赛中裁判在那场欧洲冠军联赛的比赛中裁判在那场欧洲冠军联赛的比赛中裁判在那场欧洲冠军联赛的比赛中明显偏袒明显偏袒明显偏袒明显偏袒德国的德国的德国的德国的拜仁慕尼黑队。拜仁慕尼黑队。拜仁慕尼黑队。拜仁慕尼黑队。wasclearlypartialtowardYouareexpected_Youareexpected_._.你必须你必须你必须你必须让自己的判断客观公正让自己的判断客观公正让自己的判断客观公正让自己的判断客观公正。tokeepyourjudgm
57、entawayfrom请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子。anypartialattitudesaccidentally (Line 26, Para.3)adv. happening by chance, not by plan or intention 偶然地，意外地偶然地，意外地ShemetwithpopsingerShemetwithpopsingerTianTianZhenattheairportZhenattheairportaccidentallyaccidentally. .她在机场她在机场她在机场她在机场意外地意外地意外地意外地遇见了著名歌手田震。遇见了著名歌手田震。遇见了著名
58、歌手田震。遇见了著名歌手田震。TranslationTranslation他他在一个偶然的机会在一个偶然的机会被那位著名导演看中，因此被那位著名导演看中，因此有机会在一部偶像剧中扮演关键角色。有机会在一部偶像剧中扮演关键角色。HewasHewasaccidentallyaccidentallychosenbythatfamouschosenbythatfamousdirectortoplayakeyroleinanidoldrama.directortoplayakeyroleinanidoldrama.ExerciseExerciseHis_discouragedthewholeteam.他
59、的他的他的他的意外失利意外失利意外失利意外失利挫伤了整个队伍的士气。挫伤了整个队伍的士气。挫伤了整个队伍的士气。挫伤了整个队伍的士气。accidentalfailure_offamous_offamouskungfukungfuactoractorJetLi(LiJetLi(LiLianjieLianjie)madealltheaudiencequiteexcited.)madealltheaudiencequiteexcited.著名功夫明星李连杰的著名功夫明星李连杰的著名功夫明星李连杰的著名功夫明星李连杰的意外出现意外出现意外出现意外出现 让所有的观众兴奋让所有的观众兴奋让所有的观众兴奋让
60、所有的观众兴奋不已。不已。不已。不已。Theaccidentalappearance请完成下面的句子请完成下面的句子。形容词形式：形容词形式： accidental adj. happening by chance, not by plan or intention 意外的意外的, , 偶然的偶然的inflate (Line 27, Para. 3)v. 1) to fill with air or gas to make bigger （使）充满气体，（使）膨胀使）充满气体，（使）膨胀ThekidwastryingtoThekidwastryingtoinflateainflateaball
61、oonballoonbutfailedatlast.butfailedatlast.那个孩子想那个孩子想那个孩子想那个孩子想给气球充气给气球充气给气球充气给气球充气，但最后失败了。但最后失败了。但最后失败了。但最后失败了。TranslationTranslation给那件救生衣给那件救生衣(lifejacket)充气充气需要特殊的技巧。需要特殊的技巧。InflatingthatlifejacketInflatingthatlifejacketneedsspecialskills.needsspecialskills.2) to raise (a price) by inflation 使使通货
62、膨胀通货膨胀TranslationTranslationThegovernmentofthatsmallThegovernmentofthatsmallcountryalwayscountryalwaysinflatesinflates thepapercurrency.thepapercurrency.那个小国的政府总是那个小国的政府总是那个小国的政府总是那个小国的政府总是滥发滥发滥发滥发纸币。纸币。纸币。纸币。名词形式：名词形式： 严重的通货膨胀严重的通货膨胀严重的通货膨胀严重的通货膨胀使那个国家的贫困家庭的生活雪上使那个国家的贫困家庭的生活雪上使那个国家的贫困家庭的生活雪上使那个国家的贫
63、困家庭的生活雪上加霜。加霜。加霜。加霜。SeriousSerious inflationinflationworsenedthelivingconditionsofworsenedthelivingconditionsofthepoorfamiliesofthatcountry.thepoorfamiliesofthatcountry.GovernmentshouldtakemeasurestoGovernmentshouldtakemeasurestocontrolcontrolinflationinflation. .政府应采取措施政府应采取措施政府应采取措施政府应采取措施控制通货膨胀控制
64、通货膨胀控制通货膨胀控制通货膨胀。inflation (n.) 充气，膨胀；通货膨胀充气，膨胀；通货膨胀, (, (物价物价) )暴涨暴涨TranslationTranslationotherwise (Line 28, Para. 3)我们原打算去野餐我们原打算去野餐我们原打算去野餐我们原打算去野餐( ( ( (picnic) ) ) )，可是天很热，我们就可是天很热，我们就可是天很热，我们就可是天很热，我们就决定决定决定决定干别的干别的干别的干别的了。了。了。了。Weweregoingtopicnic,butitwassohotthatwedecidedtodootherwise. Tra
65、nslationTranslation她认为那位年轻的参赛者会输，我的看法她认为那位年轻的参赛者会输，我的看法她认为那位年轻的参赛者会输，我的看法她认为那位年轻的参赛者会输，我的看法却不是这样却不是这样却不是这样却不是这样。Shesaidthatyoungcontestantwouldlose,butIthoughtotherwise. adv. 1) in a different way; differently不同地不同地2) apart from that; in other ways （在）其他方面在）其他方面请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseItwa
66、sabitlong,but_.那影片是长了一点儿，那影片是长了一点儿，其它方面倒还不错其它方面倒还不错。Hisnephewisnoisy,but_.他的外甥爱吵闹，他的外甥爱吵闹，但在但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子其他方面倒是一个好孩子。otherwiseaniceboyotherwiseitwasagoodfilmconj. 3) if not（在不同情况下）否则在不同情况下）否则TranslationTranslation你最好现在就走，你最好现在就走，你最好现在就走，你最好现在就走，否则否则否则否则你就赶不上你就赶不上你就赶不上你就赶不上火车了。火车了。火车了。火车了。Youdbetterg
67、onow,otherwiseyoullmissyourtrain. 我又多写了一页，我又多写了一页，我又多写了一页，我又多写了一页，不然的话不然的话不然的话不然的话已经完成了。已经完成了。已经完成了。已经完成了。Ivegotonemorepagetowrite;otherwiseIvealreadyfinished. reduceto (Line 33, Para. 4)TranslationTranslation贪婪贪婪贪婪贪婪让他变成了让他变成了让他变成了让他变成了阶下囚。阶下囚。阶下囚。阶下囚。 ItisgreedthatItisgreedthatreducedreduced himto
68、himtoaprisoner.aprisoner.因为吸毒，因为吸毒，因为吸毒，因为吸毒，他他他他从从从从一个百万富翁一个百万富翁一个百万富翁一个百万富翁沦为沦为沦为沦为乞丐。乞丐。乞丐。乞丐。 Hewasreducedfromamillionairetoabeggarasaresultoftakingdrugs. 1)bring someone or something to (a 2) lower or weaker state, condition or role) 使某人陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态使某人陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中或状况中2) change (somethin
69、g) to (its parts); present a problem or subject in (a simplified form) 将某事物概括或简化成某种形式将某事物概括或简化成某种形式请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseTheearthquake_.地震地震将房屋变成了瓦砾将房屋变成了瓦砾(rubble)。Thepresidentsspeechcan_.总统的演讲总统的演讲可以被归纳为三点可以被归纳为三点。bereducedtothreereducedthemainpointshousetorubbleaccordingly (Line 34, P
70、ara. 4) 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercisePleaseinformusofyourdecisionand_.请告知我们你的决定，请告知我们你的决定，我们将会采取相应的行动我们将会采取相应的行动。wewillactHisfriendsallconsideredhimtheirleaderand_.他的朋友把他视做领袖并且他的朋友把他视做领袖并且用对待领袖的方式对待用对待领袖的方式对待他他。treatedhimaccordinglyadv. 1) in a way that is appropriate to the situation 相应地相应地acc
71、ordingly2) as a result of something 因此，从而因此，从而超级女生李宇春有男孩子的气质，超级女生李宇春有男孩子的气质，因此因此，她能够得到，她能够得到无数的女歌迷的支持。无数的女歌迷的支持。SuperGirlLiSuperGirlLiYuchunYuchunlooksratherboyish.looksratherboyish.AccordinglyAccordingly,shecouldgetcountlessgirlfans,shecouldgetcountlessgirlfanssupport.support.TranslationTranslation
72、有无数的读者对于武侠小说如痴如醉。有无数的读者对于武侠小说如痴如醉。因此因此，金庸先，金庸先生才能够在当今中国文坛享有很高的地位。生才能够在当今中国文坛享有很高的地位。Thereareagreatnumberofreaderswhoarecrazyformartialartsnovels.Accordingly,Mr.JinYongcouldenjoyahighstatusintodaysChineseliterature. assess (Line 50, Para. 6) 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseThevalueofthatChenYifeisp
73、ainting_.那幅陈逸飞的油画那幅陈逸飞的油画被估价为被估价为50万美元万美元。wasTheywillgotoBeijingto_.他们将前往北京他们将前往北京邀请几位专家来为那些古玩邀请几位专家来为那些古玩(curio)估价估价。inviteseveralexpertstov. 1) calculate what something costs or is worth 估价，估计估价，估计assessedat$500,000assessthosecurios2) carefully consider a situation, person, or problem in order to
74、make a judgment 评价，评定评价，评定现在现在评价评价那部新法规的效果还为时尚早。那部新法规的效果还为时尚早。ItstooearlytoItstooearlytoassessassesstheeffectsofthatnewtheeffectsofthatnewlegislation.legislation.TranslationTranslation在在评价评价别人的时候，不要有任何的偏见。别人的时候，不要有任何的偏见。DontDontassessassessotherswithanyprejudice.otherswithanyprejudice.名名词词形式：形式：asse
75、ssmentn. 1)估估计计，估算估算 2) 评评估，估，评评价价ratio (Line 54, Para. 6)n. a relationship between two things expressed by two numbers or amounts 比，比率，比例比，比率，比例20比比10相当于相当于2比比1。TheTheratioratioof20to10is2to1.of20to10is2to1.TranslationTranslation那所小学的师生那所小学的师生比例比例是是1比比30。TheTheratioratioofstudentstoteachersinthatel
76、ementaryofstudentstoteachersinthatelementaryschoolis30:1.schoolis30:1.这一地区，男子人数这一地区，男子人数以三比一超过以三比一超过女子人数。女子人数。MenoutnumberwomenMenoutnumberwomenintheratioofthreetooneintheratioofthreetoone inthisregion.inthisregion.versus (Line 56, Para. 7)prep. (Abbr. v. or vs.) in opposition to or against especial
77、ly in a game of sports （尤指在体育比尤指在体育比赛赛中）中）对对，以，以为对为对手；与手；与相比相比本赛季的本赛季的NBA总决赛将会总决赛将会在在休斯敦火箭队和底特律活休斯敦火箭队和底特律活塞队塞队之间展开之间展开。ItsgoingtobeTheHustonRocketsversusTheDetroitPistonsinthisseasonsNBAFinals. TranslationTranslation有必要对减税带来的好处与民众有必要对减税带来的好处与民众消费增长所带来消费增长所带来的好处进行的好处进行对比对比。Itsnecessarytoweighupthebe
78、nefitsoftaxcutsversusthoseofincreasedpublicspending. Modern life is full of all manner of threats.Risks are almost always a matter of probabilities rather than certainty.Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely.现代生活中充满了诸多威胁。现代生活中充满了诸多威胁。危险几乎总是一个可能而非确定。危险几乎总是一个可能而非确定。我们的疑虑无休止的增加。我们的疑虑无休止的增加。Should I w
79、ear a seat belt?我应该系安全带吗？我应该系安全带吗？Nothing we do is completely safe.The point is to act accordingly.我们做的事没一件是百分之百安全的。我们做的事没一件是百分之百安全的。关键在于见机行事。关键在于见机行事。In the case just discussed从刚才讨论的情况看从刚才讨论的情况看The latter turns out to be four times riskier than the former.后者其实比前者危险四倍。后者其实比前者危险四倍。汉译英长句翻译汉译英长句翻译汉译英长句
80、翻译汉译英长句翻译 合并法合并法合并法合并法顺译法顺译法倒置法倒置法 插入法插入法插入法插入法汉译英长句翻译汉译英长句翻译进行汉译英长句翻译时，应该先通览原文的大概进行汉译英长句翻译时，应该先通览原文的大概意思，再弄清楚原文的句法结构，分析句子各个层次意思，再弄清楚原文的句法结构，分析句子各个层次的含义和相互间的逻辑关系，再根据英语表达特点，的含义和相互间的逻辑关系，再根据英语表达特点，正确翻译出原文含义。翻译完毕后，应再次审读译文，正确翻译出原文含义。翻译完毕后，应再次审读译文，检查译文的内容是否详尽、结构是否合理、语言是否检查译文的内容是否详尽、结构是否合理、语言是否地道。常见的汉译英长句
81、翻译技巧有以下几种地道。常见的汉译英长句翻译技巧有以下几种:合并法合并法顺译法顺译法倒置法倒置法插入法插入法合并法：合并法：合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句。英语强调形合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句。英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时可采用连合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时可采用连词、非谓语动词、定语从句、独立结构等方式把汉语短句词、非谓语动词、定语从句、独立结构等方式把汉语短句连成长句。连成长句。中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、湖泊和其他用地。地面积的
82、十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、湖泊和其他用地。Chinaisalargecountrywitheightypercentofthepopulationengagedinagriculture,butonlyonetenthofthelandisfarmland,therestbeingmountains,forests,riversandplacesforotheruses.顺译法：顺译法：有有些些汉语句子的内容结构与英语表达方式比较一致，汉语句子的内容结构与英语表达方式比较一致，在翻译时则可按照原文顺序进行翻译。在翻译时则可按照原文顺序进行翻译。我们喝茶时，我不停地打量着她，看她那纤纤玉手，典
83、雅的我们喝茶时，我不停地打量着她，看她那纤纤玉手，典雅的举止，亮晶晶的黑眼睛，清秀而没有表情的面庞。举止，亮晶晶的黑眼睛，清秀而没有表情的面庞。Whenwehadtea,Icouldnottakemyeyesfromhersmall,delicatehands,thegracefulwayshemoved,herbright,blackeyes,andexpressionlessclearface.倒置法：倒置法：也叫逆序法。有的汉语句子与英语表达习惯不同，甚也叫逆序法。有的汉语句子与英语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，则翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。至完全相反，则翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒
84、过来。中国乒乓球大奖赛的最后一天，刘国梁在男子单打比赛中一中国乒乓球大奖赛的最后一天，刘国梁在男子单打比赛中一举夺魁后，干脆利落地夺得大奖赛的举夺魁后，干脆利落地夺得大奖赛的4项冠军。项冠军。LiuGuoliangcompletedacleansweepoffourtitlesafterwinningthemenssingleschampionshiponthefinaldayoftheChineseTable-TennisGrandPrix.插入法：插入法：即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成即用同位语、插入语或定语从句来处理一些解释性成分，用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。分，
85、用破折号、括号或前后逗号插入译句中。他才三十岁，正处在篮球事业和赚取金钱的鼎盛时期，因此他才三十岁，正处在篮球事业和赚取金钱的鼎盛时期，因此大多数人认为他上周宣布退役为时过早，大多数人认为他上周宣布退役为时过早，但是根据他的说法，但是根据他的说法，这一决定完全出于自愿，并非是匆忙之举这一决定完全出于自愿，并非是匆忙之举。Heisthirtyandattheheightofhisperformingandearningpower,andlastweeksannouncementofretirementwasprematureinmostpeoplesopinions-but it was qui
86、te on his willingness, by his own account, not taken hastily.写作实践写作实践例文例文: Making the World a Better Place to Live相关链接相关链接Writing ActivitiesDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a passage entitled Making the World a Better Place to Live. You should write at least 120 words a
87、ccording to the outline given below:1近年来环境灾害频繁发生；近年来环境灾害频繁发生；2环境灾害危害严重；环境灾害危害严重；3保护环境，创造美好家园。保护环境，创造美好家园。Writing ActivitiesMakingtheWorldaBetterPlacetoLivePeoplearoundtheworldmayfeelthatenvironmentaldisastershavefrequentlyoccurredinrecentyears.Floodanddroughtinsomeplacesaretheresultofinappropriatehu
88、manintervention（干预）inthenaturalenvironment.Becauseofpesticideabuseorimpropermanagementofmetals,somechemicalshavebeenreleasedintotheenvironmentthroughhumanactivities.Theearthisplagued（被折磨）withoilleaks,poisonousgasleaks,chemicalspills,andotherenvironmentaldisastersasaresultoffailureinthetechnological-
89、humanmanagementsystem.Writing ActivitiesHumanbeingssufferalotfromhuman-madeenvironmentaldisasters.Thelossoflifeandpropertycanhardlybemeasuredinmonetaryterms.Whatismore,intensifiedhumanactivitieshaveaffected the ecosystem（ 生 态 系 统 ） and induced certainenvironmentalproblems.Forinstance,insomeregions,w
90、eatherpatternsaredisturbed,droughts,sandstorms,orhurricanes（飓风）last longer. Environmental disasters can also result in seriouspsychological effects on people. Large-scale environmentalchangesproduceabroadrangeofconstraintsonhumanactivities,andenvironmentalrefugees（难民）areforcedtoleavetheirhomeland to
91、 migrate from environmental disasters. In a word,peopleinsomeareasarefacingtheproblemofsurvival.Writing ActivitiesToreduceenvironmentaldisastersaroundtheglobe,weshouldmakeimmediateandcontinuedefforts.Environmentaldisasterscatchandholdourconcern,fortheyaffectusandwillaffect our later generations. To
92、protect the environment onwhich we depend for survival, we should advocate soundenvironmental management, promote environment-friendlytechnologyandfocusonpositivepeople-environmentinteractionsinordertohavesustainableeconomicdevelopment.Our desirable environmental goals will emphasize economic,social
93、,andenvironmentalgainstomaketheworldabetterplacetolive.Writing ActivitiesI. TOEFL作文题目作文题目Directions:Youwillhavethirtyminutestoplanandwriteanessayonthetopicgivenbelow.Usethefirstfewminutestoreadthetopiccarefullyandthinkaboutwhatkindofessayyouwillwrite.Youmayusethespaceimmediatelybelowtheessaytopictom
94、akenotes.Writeyouressayonthelinedpagesthatfollow.Youwillhaveenoughspaceifyouwriteoneverylineandkeepyourhandwritingtoareasonablesize.Some say that the world would be a better place now if the automobile had never been invented. Decide if you agree or disagree with this statement and give specific rea
95、sons for your decision.Writing ActivitiesII. IELTS作文题目作文题目 Youshouldspendnomorethan40minutesonthistask.Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away society,” because we are filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of. To what degree d
96、o you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend to reduce this problem?Youshouldwriteatleast250words.Youshoulduseyourownideas,knowledgeandexperienceto support your arguments with examples and relevantevidence.Writing ActivitiesIII. GRE作文题目作文题目Presentyourperspectiveontheissuebelow,u
97、singrelevantreasonsand/orexamplestosupportyourviews. The following appeared in a letter to the editor of theClearviewnewspaper.Inthenextmayoralelection,residentsofClearviewshouldvote for Ann Green, who is a member of the Good EarthCoalition, rather than for Frank Braun, a member of theClearview town
98、 council, because the current members are notprotectingourenvironment.Forexample,duringthepastyearthenumberoffactoriesinClearviewhasdoubled,airpollutionlevels have increased, and the local hospital has treated 25percentmorepatientswithrespiratoryillnesses.IfweelectAnnGreen,theenvironmentalproblemsinClearviewwillcertainlybesolved.Thanks for Your Attention!
