[信息与通信]WCDMA无线接口 WCDMA Physical Layer

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1、4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Air Interface TrainingPart 4 WCDMA Physical Layer14/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)WCDMAOverview 3GPP Standards Organization, 3GPP Document Structure WCDMA Frequency Allocations WCDMA Performance Overview

2、Physical Implementation WCDMA Network Overview Downlink Implementation Uplink ImplementationPhysical Layer Procedures Slot, Frame, and Superframe Synchronization Random Access Procedures Packet Channel Access Establishment of a Dedicated Channel Soft Handover Hard Handover / Compressed Mode Operatio

3、nTDD Implementation24/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)3GPP Project Coordination Group(ETSI, ARIB, T1)TSG-RANWG 1Layer 1WG 2Layers 2,3WG 3Iub, Iur, IuUTRAN, O&MWG 4BS TestingProtocolTSG-CNWG 1MM/CC/SMWG 2CAMEL/MAPWG 3Int

4、erworkingTSG-TWG 1MS TestingWG 2MS ServicesWG 3USIMTSG-SSWG 1ServicesWG 2ArchitectureWG 3SecurityWG 4CodecWG 5Telecom34/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)Specifications referenced in this presentationWCDMA UTRAN Network3GPP TS 25.401-v330: UTRAN Overall Descriptio

5、n3GPP TS 25.832-v300: Manifestations of Handover and SRNS Relocation3GPP TS 26.071-v301: AMR Speech Codec; General DescriptionWCDMA Radio Transmission and Resource Management3GPP TS 25.101-v331: UE Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD)3GPP TS 25.104-v330: BS Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD)3G

6、PP TS 25.103-v200: RF Parameters in Support of Radio Resource Management3GPP TS 25.133-v310: Requirements for Support of Radio Resource ManagementWCDMA Physical Layer Specifications (FDD and TDD)3GPP TS 25.201-v310: Physical Layer General Description3GPP TS 25.301-v350: Radio Interface Protocol Arch

7、itecture3GPP TS 25.302-v350: Services Provided by the Physical LayerWCDMA FDD, TDD Mode Standards:3GPP TS 25.211-v330: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)3GPP TS 25.212-v330: Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)3GPP TS 25.213-v330: Spreading and modulati

8、on (FDD)3GPP TS 25.214-v330: Physical layer procedures (FDD)3GPP TS 25.215-v330: Physical layer - Measurements (FDD)3GPP TS 25.221-v330: Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (TDD)3GPP TS 25.222-v331: Multiplexing and channel coding (TDD)3GPP TS 25.223-v330: Spre

9、ading and modulation (TDD)3GPP TS 25.224-v330: Physical layer procedures (TDD)3GPP TS 25.225-v330: Physical layer - Measurements (TDD)This presentation iscurrent as of TS-25 V3.3.0(3GPP June 2000 Release)44/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)3GPP WCDMA OverviewBoth

10、 FDD (2x 5 MHz) and TDD (1x 5 MHz)modes supported Operation specified in bands between 1850 and 2170 MHzBS time synchronization not required for FDD mode GPS not required Fast Synchronization Codes allow asynchronous operation and handover Synchronous operation is allowed; allows faster acquisition,

11、 interference reductionMulti-Code and Variable Spreading Factor modes supportedNetwork interface compatible with GSM - MAP / GPRS * To be made compatible with ANSI-41 per OHG requirementPhysical Parameters: Chip rate = 3.840 Mcps RF Bandwidth = 5 MHz Physical Layer data rates of 15, 30, 60, 120, 240

12、, 480, 960, and 1920 kb/sec Payload data rates of 12.2, 64, 144, 384, 768, and 2048 kb/sec Frame length = 10 mSec Fast Power Control: Bi-directional; 1500 updates/sec54/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Frequency Allocations20252110IMT-2000MSSMSSIMT-2000MSSMSS1885198020212160217

13、02200ITU/WARC-9520252110IMT-2000MSSIMT-2000MSS19001980202121702200DECT1880Europe20252110IMT-2000MSSTerrestrialMSS1918.11980202121702200PHS18951885Japan20252110MSSMSS19001980202121702200FDD WLL1880CDMA1865192019451960TDD WLLCDMAFDD WLLChina20252110MSS21852200A1850191019301990DBEFCADBEFCMSSBroadcastAu

14、xiliaryReserved2150USA20252110FDD UPLINKTDDFDD DOWNLINK1920198020212170WCDMA /EUROPE18501910FDD UPLINK19301990WCDMA / USAFDD DOWNLINKTDDTDD19003GPP TS 25.201 5.2, 25.102 5.2.2 64/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceMobileSwitchingCenter(MSC)BaseStationController(BSC)Base Transceiver Sta

15、tion(BTS)To other BTSsTo other BSCsTo other BTSsUmUmUmAbisAbisAbisAAEVLRHLREIRGatewayMSCACHFCBTo other MSCsEFCVLRBDGGPRS NetworkComponentsDPacketControlUnit(PCU)Serving GPRSService Node (SGSN)Gateway GPRSService Node (GGSN)External NetworksPSTNISDNInternet.External Data NetworkIP / X.25To other BSCs

16、ABase Station Subsystem(BSS)GSM/GPRS Network Architecture74/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA/UMTS Network Architecture84/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUMTS and the UTRANGSM/GPRS Core Network (CN)IuIuRNSRNCRNSRNCNode BNode BNode BNode BIurIubIubIubIubUser Equi

17、pment(UE)UTRAN(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)PSTNISDNInternetUu3GPP TS 25.401 6.0MSCGPRSService NodeIuIu94/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUMTS and the UTRANUTRAN DefinitionsRNS (Radio Network Subsystem) A full or partial network offering access between UE and Core Network C

18、ontains one RNCRNC (Radio Network Controller) Element of the RNS that controls physical radio resourcesNode B Logical Node controlling transmission and reception from one or more cellsUu Interface Interface between UE and Node BIu Interface Interface between CN and RNSIur Interface Interface between

19、 one RNS and another RNSIub Interface Interface between RNC and Node B3GPP TS 25.401 3.0104/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air Interface3GPP TS 25.401 7.1UMTS and the UTRANUTRAN Operational Functions (partial)Functions related to overall system access control Admission Control, Congestion Contr

20、ol System information broadcasting Radio channel ciphering and decipheringFunctions related to mobility Handover SRNS RelocationFunctions related to radio resource management and control Initial (random) access detection and handling Radio resource configuration and operation combining/splitting con

21、trol Radio bearer connection set-up and release (Radio Bearer Control) Allocation and deallocation of Radio Bearers Radio protocols function RF power control Radio channel coding Radio channel decoding114/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUTRAN ModelUTRAN OSI ModelRadio Resource Contr

22、ol (RRC)Medium Access Control (MAC)Transport channels - grouped by method of transportPhysical layerLayer 3Logical channels - grouped by information content - User Data - Control and signalingLayer 2Layer 1Physical channels Physical Channels Distinguished by: - RF Frequency - Channelization Code - S

23、preading Code - Modulation (I/Q) Phase (uplink) - Timeslot (TDD mode)Air Interface3GPP TS 25.201 4.0Direct RRC control of the physical layer124/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfacePhysical Layer RequirementsServices provided by Physical LayerData and RF Processing FunctionsFEC encoding/

24、decoding of transport channelsError detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers Rate matching of coded transport channels to physical channelsPower weighting and combining of physical channels Closed-loop power control Modulation/demodulation and spreading/de-spreading of physica

25、l channels Multiplexing/de-multiplexing of coded composite transport channelsMapping of transport channels on physical channels Macrodiversity distribution/combiningOperational FunctionsCell search functionsSynchronization (chip, bit, slot, and frame synchronization) Soft Handover supportRadio chara

26、cteristics measurements including FER, SIR, Interference Power, etc., and indication to higher layers Uplink timing advance (TDD mode)3GPP TS 25.201 4.1.2 , 25.301 5.2.2 134/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Physical ChannelsBaseStation(BS)UserEquipment(UE)P-CCPCH- Primary Commo

27、n Control Physical ChannelSCH - Sync ChannelP-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot ChannelS-CPICH - Secondary Common Pilot Channel(s)Channels broadcast to all UE in the cellDPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data ChannelDPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control ChannelF-PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared ChannelDedicated Co

28、nnection ChannelsPICH - Page Indication ChannelPaging ChannelsS-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical ChannelPCPCH - Common Physical Packet ChannelAP-AICH - Acquisition Preamble Indication ChannelCD/CA-AICH - Collision Detection Indication ChannelCSICH - CPCH Status Indication ChannelPRACH - Phy

29、sical Random Access ChannelAICH - Acquisition Indication ChannelRandom Access and Packet Access Channels144/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Downlink Physical ChannelsCommon Downlink Physical Channels P-CCPCHCommon Control Physical Channel (Primary) - Broadcasts cell site infor

30、mation - Broadcasts cell SFN; Timing reference for all DL channels SCHSynchronization Channel - Fast Synch. codes 1 and 2; time-multiplexed with P-CCPCH S-CCPCHCommon Control Physical Channel (Secondary) - Transmits idle-mode signaling and control information to UEs P-CIPCHCommon Pilot Channel S-CIP

31、CHSecondary Common Pilot Channel (for sectored cells) PDSCHPhysical Downlink Shared Channel - Transmits high-speed data to multiple usersDedicated Downlink Physical Channels DPDCHDedicated Downlink Physical Data Channel DPCCHDedicated Downlink Physical Control Channel - Transmits connection-mode sig

32、naling and control to UEs3GPP TS 25.211154/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Downlink Physical ChannelsDownlink Indication ChannelsAICH (Acquisition Indication Channel) Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Random Access attempt (Echoes the UEs Random Access signature)PICH (Pag

33、e Indication Channel) Informs a UE to monitor the next paging frameAP-AICH (Access Preamble Indication Channel Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Packet Access attempt (Echoes the UEs Packet Access signature)CD/CA-ICH Confirms that there is no ambiguity between UE in a Packet Access attempt (Ech

34、oes the UEs Packet Access Collision Detection signature) Optionally provides available Packet channel assignments CSICH Broadcasts status information regarding packet channel availability3GPP TS 25.211164/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Uplink Physical ChannelsUplink Physical

35、ChannelsCommon Uplink Physical Channels PRACHPhysical Random Access Channel - Used by UE to initiate access to BS PCPCHPhysical Common Packet Channel - Used by UE to send connectionless packet dataDedicated Uplink Physical Channels DPDCHDedicated Uplink Physical Data Channel DPCCHDedicated Uplink Ph

36、ysical Control Channel - Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to BS3GPP TS 25.211174/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Code TypesChannelization Codes (Orthogonal Codes) Used to orthogonally code different data channels from BS, UEScrambling Codes (Spread Spectrum Code

37、s) BS Scrambling Codes: Used by UE to distinguish the desired BS UE Scrambling Codes: Used by BS to distinguish the desired UESynchronization Codes Primary Sync. Code: Fixed 256-bit codeHelps UE identify the presence of a WCDMA BSHelps UE achieve Slot Synchronization Secondary Sync. Codes:Group of 2

38、56-bit codesHelps UE achieve Frame SynchronizationPilot Codes A full-time common Pilot (CPICH) provides coherent reference for UE receiver Pilot data bits are embedded into each timeslot of the Dedicated Data Channel Random Access Preamble Codes Preamble Signatures; Used by BS to distinguish between

39、 UE making access attempts Preamble Scrambling Codes; Used to identify which BS is being accessed184/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Downlink Physical Layer194/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Downlink (FDD)204/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air Inte

40、rfaceDownlink Logical ChannelsCommon Downlink Logical Channels BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel)Broadcasts cell site and system identification to all UE PCCH (Paging Control Channel)Transmits paging information to a UE when the UEs location is unknown CCCH (Common Control Channel)Transmits control in

41、formation to a UE when there is no RRC Connection SHCCH (Shared Channel Control Channel)Control channel associated with shared traffic channels (TDD mode only) CTCH (Common Traffic Channel)Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of UEs.Dedicated Downlink Logical Channels DCCH (Dedicated Contr

42、ol Channel)Transmits control information to a UE when there is a RRC Connection DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel)Traffic channel dedicated to one UE214/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceDownlink Transport ChannelsCommon Downlink Transport Channels BCH (Broadcast Channel)Continuous tran

43、smission of system and cell information PCH (Paging Channel)Carries control information to UE when location is unknownPending activity indicated by the PICH (paging indication channel) FACH (Forward Access Channel)Used for transmission of idle-mode control information to a UENo closed-loop power con

44、trol DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel)Carries dedicated control and/or traffic data; shared by several UEsDedicated Downlink Transport Channels DCH (Dedicated Channel)Carries dedicated traffic and control data to one UE224/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceOVSF CodesDownlink OVSF Channel

45、ization Codes11 -11 11 1 1 11 1 -1 -11 -1 1 -11 -1 -1 1C1,0C2,0C2,1C4,0C4,1C4,2C4,3Designation: cch, SF , code numberSF = 1SF = 2SF = 43GPP TS 25.201 4.3234/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceCode LayeringWCDMA Code Layering244/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceCommon Pi

46、lot ChannelDownlink CPICH (Common Pilot Channel)Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)1234567891011121314151 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols = 20 bits = 666.667 uSecAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA-AAA-AA-A-AAA-A-AAA-A-AAA-A-AAA-AAA-ASlot 0Slot 1Slot 14Antenna 1SymbolsAntenn

47、a 2SymbolsIf transmit diversity is used, then the pilot symbols are as shown for each antenna:254/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceSync Channel / Primary Common Control ChannelDownlink SCH / P-CCPCHBroadcast Data (18 bits)SSCiBCH Spreading Factor = 2561 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 18 BCH dat

48、a bits / slot1234567891011121314151 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec2304 Chips256 ChipsSCHBCHPSC264/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceSecondary Common Control ChannelDownlink S-CCPCHSpreading Factor = 256 to 41 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 * 2k data bits; k = 0.6123456789101112131415

49、1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec20 to 1256 bits0, 2, or 8 bitsDataTFCI or DTXPilot0, 8, or 16 bits274/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfacePage Indication ChannelPaging Indication Channel (PICH)Spread with SF=256 Channelization codeEach UE looks for a particular PICH time slotA paging indica

50、tor set to “1 indicates that the UE should read the S-CCPCH of the corresponding frame.b1b0288 bits for paging indication12 bits (undefined)One radio frame (10 ms)b287b288b299284/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceDedicated Control/Data ChannelDownlink DPCCH/DPDCH FrameData 2TFCIData 1

51、TPC1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2k bits, k = 0.7SF = 512/2k = 512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 41234567891011121314151 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSecDPDCHPilotDPDCHDPCCHDPCCHThe DPDCH carries user traffic, layer 2 overhead bits, and layer 3 signaling data.The DPCCH carries layer 1 control bits:

52、Pilot, TPC, and TFCIDownlink Closed-Loop Power Control steps of 1 dB, 0.5 dB294/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceDownlink Data RatesVariable Data Rates on the Downlink: ExamplesCoded Data1.920 Mb/sec(19,200 bits per 10 mSec frame)S/P ConverterChannel Coding(OVSF codes at 3.84 Mcps)96

53、0 kb/sec304/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceDownlink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot FormatsNotes:1) Zero-TFCI slot formats are used when there is only one data service on the DCH. 2) Slot formats A and B are used during compressed mode operation314/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air Interfac

54、eTime-Embedded Pilot SymbolsDL: Time-multiplexed with DPDCHUL: Transmitted on Q-channel along with TPC, TFCI, FBI bitsPilot Bit Patterns, Downlink DPDCH (Data Channel)Note:Shaded portions are the Frame Synchronization Words (FSW)324/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceTransmit Power Con

55、trol (TPC) BitsTPC Bits2, 4, or 8 bits per slot depending on slot format3GPP TS 25.211 Table 13334/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceTFCI BitsTFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator)Used when multiple services are multiplexed onto one DPDCHData Channel 1Data Channel 2Data Channel

56、 NChannel CodingChannel CodingChannel CodingCoded Composite Transport Channel(CCTrCH)TFI 1TFI 2TFI NMUXMUXTFCI Word32 bitsTFI: Transport Format IndicatorTFCI: Transport Format Combination IndicatorChannel Coding10 bits344/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceDownlink Data Coding, Multipl

57、exingConv. Coding R=1/3304304#2 344688688#1 34442034476Radio frame FN=4N+1Radio frame FN=4N+2Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4NTraffic data (122x2)Add CRC bitsAdd Tail bits2nd interleaving420420420344763447634476#1 76#2 76#3 76#4 76804260244Tail 8CRC16360112Tail 89696CRC 16Rate matching1st interle

58、avingAdd CRC bitsLayer 3 Control dataAdd Tail bitsConv. Coding R=1/3#2 344#1 344Radio FrameSegmentationslot segmentation30 ksps DPCHRate matching1st interleaving244Traffic 12.2 kbpsL3 Data 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.328 28 28 282828 28 28 282828 28 28 282828 28 28 2828MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI12 12 1

59、2 121212 12 12 121212 12 12 121212 12 12 1212600 bits (300 symbols)600 bits (300 symbols)600 bits (300 symbols)600 bits (300 symbols)Data from second 244-bit packet354/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceDownlink Data Coding, MultiplexingTurbo Coding R=1/3280280#2 90501810018100#1 90509

60、120905070Radio frame FN=4N+1Radio frame FN=4N+2Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4NTraffic data (3840x2)2nd interleaving912091209120905070905070905070#1 70#2 70#3 70#4 701156877123840TerminationbitsCRC16360112Tail 89696CRC 16Rate matching1st interleavingLayer 3 Control dataConv. Coding R=1/3#2 9050#

61、1 9050Radio FrameSegmentationslot segmentation480 ksps DPCHRate matching1st interleaving3840Traffic 384 kbpsL3 Data 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI9600 bits (4800 symb.)9600 bits (4800 symb.)9600 bits (4800 symb.)9600 bits (4800 symb.)3840CRC163840ConcatenateConcatenateAdd CRC b

62、itsAdd CRC bits121156812Data from second 3840-bit packet608608608323232608608608323232608608608323232608608608323232364/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceMulti-Code TransmissionDownlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2k bits, k = 0.7Data 2TFCIData 1TPCPilotPr

63、imaryDPCCH/DPDCHData 4Data 3AdditionalDPCCH/DPDCHData NData N-1AdditionalDPCCH/DPDCH374/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceDownlink Shared ChannelDownlink PDSCH FrameData (30 kbps to 1920 kbps)1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 x 2k bits, k = 0.6SF = 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, or 4123

64、4567891011121314151 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSecNotes: The PDSCH has no embedded Pilot, TFCI, or TPC. Therefore, it must always be associated with an active DPCCH. The associated DPCCH provides the necessary Pilot, TFCI, and TPC bits for the PDSCH.The PDSCH can change its spreading ratio every frame,

65、as indicated by the TFCI on the DPCCHAny orthogonal code under the “PDSCH Root Channelization Code may be utilizedMultiple PDSCHs may be assigned to one UE384/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceCRC AlgorithmsCRC Algorithms0, 8, 12, 16, or 24 parity bits (determined by upper layers) g(C

66、RC24) = D24 + D23 + D6 + D5 + D + 1 g(CRC16) = D16 + D12 + D5 + 1 g(CRC12) = D12 + D11 + D3 + D2 + D + 1 g(CRC8) = D8 + D7 + D4 + D3 + D + 1394/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceFEC Coding RulesFEC Coding404/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Convolutional Code Gen

67、eratorsData In2:1MUXDataOutData In3:1MUXDataOutRate 1/2, k=9 coder: G0 = 5618 , G1 = 7538Rate 1/3 , k=9 coder: G0 = 5578 , G1 = 6638 , G2 = 7118414/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Turbo Code GeneratorData InRate = XMUXData Out3x input bits + 12 Termination bitsXkXkZkTurboInter

68、leaverXkZk At end of data block, both switches go “down to provide 12-bit Trellis Termination: xK+1, zK+1, xK+2, zK+2, xK+3, zK+3, xK+1, zK+1, xK+2, zK+2, xK+3, zK+3 424/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceInterleavingInterleaving1st-Stage Interleaver Performed prior to service multiple

69、xing Interleaving depth of 1, 2, 4, or 8 columns2nd-Stage Interleaver Performed after service multiplexing Interleaving depth of 30 columns434/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceInterleavingInterleaving (K blocks containing (R x C) bits each)0, 1, 2, 3, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

70、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , (RC - 1)0C(R-1)C1C+1(R-1)(C+1)- - - - -mC+m(R-1)(C+m)C-12C-1RC-1- - - - -0C(R-1)CmC+m(R-1)(C+m)1C+1(R-1)(C+1)C-12C-1RC-1C0CmC1CF-1Before InterleavingWrite Data into MatrixRow-wiseAfter Interleaving0, C, , (R-1)C , m, C+m, (R-1)(C+m) , , 1, C+

71、1 , (R-1)(C+1), ., C-1 , 2C-1 , RC-1Read Data from MatrixColumn-wiseC0C1CmCC-1- - - - -Permute MatrixColumns444/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceInterleavingInterleaver Columns Permutations (1st and 2nd Interleavers)454/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceRate MatchingRa

72、te MatchingWhen coded data rates of services are incompatible, “Rate Matching is used to equalize the data rates.Rate Matching may be performed by:Padding with extra bitsPuncturing of bits using a pseudo-random algorithmFor complete rate matching rules, see 3GPP TS25.212 464/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306

73、 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceDownlink Orthogonal Code AllocationsEach data stream is assigned a unique Channelization Code - User voice / data channels - Layer 3+ Control Channel dataPrimary CPICH (Common Pilot) uses Channelization Code C256,0 - One per cell - Phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AIC

74、H, PICH - Scrambled using the Primary Scrambling CodeSecondary CPICH uses any Channelization code of SF=256 - Zero, one, or several per cell - Scrambled using the Primary or Secondary Scrambling CodeP-CCPCH (Broadcast Channel) always uses Code C256,1S-CCPCH Channelization Code is broadcast over the

75、P-CCPCHTraffic Channel Codes are transmitted over the S-CCPCH474/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceComplex PN SpreadingComplex PN Spreading (Downlink)I QSC-QSC-I FIR FilterFIR Filtercos ( 2fRFt)sin ( 2fRFt)SC-IRFOutputIsQs3GPP TS 25.212 5484/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air Int

76、erfaceComplex PN SpreadingComplex PN Spreading (Downlink): The way it looks in the spec+p(t)p(t)RF OutCos(w wt)-Sin(w wt)ScramblingCode (Cscram) SCI + jSCQ+*jReal ()Imag ()I+jQI QSame result as in the previous slide:494/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceBS Transmit DiversityTSTD (Time

77、-Switched Transmit Diversity); SCH Onlyb0b1b2b3b0b1b2b3-b2b3b0-b1Antenna 1Antenna 2Data bitsPSCSSCiPSCSSCiPSCSSCiPSCSSCiPSCSSCiAntenna 1Antenna 2Slot #0Slot #1Slot #2Slot #3Slot #14STTD (Space-Time Transmit Diversity); All Other DL ChannelsNote: TSTD and STTD must be supported by the UE, but are opt

78、ional in BS3GPP TS 25.211 5.3504/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceClosed-Loop Transmit DiversityClosed-loop Transmit Diversity (DCH, PDSCH only)UE sends Feedback Information (FBI) Bits to the BS over the DPCCHFBI bits tell the BS how to adjust antenna gain and phase for optimal recep

79、tion at the UE DPCCHDPDCHMUXDCH (or PDSCH)W1W2 CPICH2CPICH1Decode FBICalculateGains, PhasesAntenna 1Antenna 2Weights W1, W2 are complex-valued:Wi = ai + jbigaini = square root (ai2 + bi2)phasei = tan-1(bi/ai)3GPP TS 25.214 7 S/P Demux Channelization Scrambling I/Q Modulation514/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5

80、306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceWCDMA Uplink Physical Layer524/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceLogical Channels(Layers 3+)Transport Channels(Layer 2)Physical Channels(Layer 1)UplinkRF OutUEScramblingCodeI+jQI/QMod.QIChc IFilterFilterCCCHCommon Control Ch.DTCH (packet mode)Dedicated Traf

81、fic Ch.RACHRandom Access Ch.PRACHPhysical Random Access Ch.DPDCH #1Dedicated Physical Data Ch.CPCHCommon Packet Ch.PCPCHPhysical Common Packet Ch.Data CodingData CodingDPDCH #3 (optional)Dedicated Physical Data Ch.DPDCH #5 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch.DPDCH #2 (optional) Dedicated Physical

82、Data Ch.DPDCH #4 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch.DPDCH #6 (optional) Dedicated Physical Data Ch. QDPCCHDedicated Physical Control Ch.Pilot, TPC, TFCI bitsChdGcGdjChd,1GdChd,3GdChd,5GdChd,2GdChd,4GdChd,6GdChcGdChc ChdGcGdjRACH Control PartPCPCH Control Part j DCCHDedicated Control Ch.DTCHDedica

83、ted Traffic Ch. NDCHDedicated Ch.Data EncodingDTCHDedicated Traffic Ch. 1DCHDedicated Ch.Data EncodingMUXCCTrCHDCHDedicated Ch.Data EncodingWCDMA Uplink (FDD)534/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUplink Transport ChannelsUplink Transport ChannelsCommon Uplink Transport Channels RACHRa

84、ndom Access Channel - Carries access requests, control information, short data - Uses only open-loop power control - Subject to random access collisions CPCHUplink Common Packet Channel - Carries connectionless packet data to PCPHDedicated Uplink Transport Channels DCH Dedicated Channel - Carries de

85、dicated traffic and control data from one UE 544/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUplink DPDCH/DPCCHUplink DPDCH/DPCCHCoded Data, 10 x 2k bits, k=06 (10 to 640 bits)Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)PilotFBITPCDedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.

86、666 mSec)1234567891011121314151 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSecIQTFCIDPCCH: 15 kb/sec data rate, 10 total bits per DPCCH slotPILOT:Fixed patterns (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits per DPCCH slot)TFCI:Transmit Format Combination Indicator (0, 2, 3, or 4 bits)FBI:Feedback Information (0, 1, or 2 bits)TPC:Transmit

87、Power Control bits (1 or 2 bits); power adjustment in steps of 1, 2, or 3 dB554/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUplink DPDCH/DPCCHUplink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot FormatsDPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel) Slot FormatsDPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) Slot Formats564/038 13 - EN

88、/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceFBI (Feedback Indication) FieldFBI FieldS Field0, 1, or 2 bitsUsed for SSDT signalingduring soft handoverD Field0 or 1 bitProvides feedback informationfor closed-loop transmit diversity0, 1, or 2 bits total depending on Slot FormatSSDT (Site Selection Transmit D

89、iversity) is an enhanced soft handover processThe UE determines the cell with the strongest received signal, and indicates this “primary cell selection using the S Field.Cells other than the primary cell suspend transmission, so that overall downlink interference is reduced.574/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5

90、306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUplink Data Coding, MultiplexingConv. Coding R=1/3360402600Radio frame FN=4N+1Radio frame FN=4N+2Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4NTraffic data (122x2)Add CRC bitsAdd Tail bits2nd interleaving600600600490110110110110110804260244Tail 8CRC16360112Tail 89696CRC 161st inter

91、leavingAdd CRC bitsLayer 3 Control dataAdd Tail bitsConv. Coding R=1/3Rate Matchingslot segmentation60 ksps DPDCH1st interleaving244Traffic 12.2 kbpsL3 Data 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.340 40 40 404040 40 40 404040 40 40 404040 40 40 4040600 bits (600 symbols)600 bits (600 symbols)600 bits (600 sy

92、mbols)600 bits (600 symbols)Data from second 244-bit packet402Frame Segmentation804#1a 490#2a 490#1b 490#2b 490Frame Segmentation90909090490110490110490110584/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUplink Data Coding, MultiplexingTurbo Coding R=1/3360952523160115809600952575Radio frame FN=

93、4N+1Radio frame FN=4N+2Radio frame FN=4N+3Radio frame FN=4NTraffic data (3840x2)2nd interleaving960096009600952575952575952575757575751156877123840TerminationbitsCRC16360112Tail 89696CRC 16Rate matching1st interleavingLayer 3 Control dataConv. Coding R=1/3Frame Segmentationslot segmentation480 ksps

94、DPDCH1st interleaving3840Traffic 384 kbpsL3 Data 2.4 kbps3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.39600 bits (9600 symb.)9600 bits (9600 symb.)9600 bits (9600 symb.)9600 bits (9600 symb.)3840CRC163840ConcatenateConcatenateAdd CRC bitsAdd CRC bits121156812Data from second 3840-bit packet64064064064064064064064064064064

95、064011580952595259525Frame Segmentation90909090594/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUplink Channelization Codes for HPSKSpecial Restrictions on OVSF Codes on the Uplink (for HPSK)If only one DPDCH is used:SF of 4 256 may be usedOVSF Channelization Code is CSF,K where K = SF/4If two t

96、hrough six DPDCHs are used:SF of 4 must be used for all six DPDCHsDPDCH_1 , DPDCH_2 must use OVSF code C4,1DPDCH_3 , DPDCH_4 must use OVSF code C4,3 DPDCH_5 , DPDCH_6 must use OVSF code C4,2 11 -11 11 1 1 11 1 -1 -11 -1 1 -11 -1 -1 1C1,0C2,0C2,1C4,0C4,1C4,2C4,3DPCCHDPDCH 1, 2DPDCH 3, 4DPDCH 5, 6604/

97、038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceComplex and HPSK SpreadingQPSK Modulation PatternQPSKI,Q EqualMagnitudeQPSKI,QNon-EqualMagnitudeAfter Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband FilteringAfter Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband FilteringNote:When the I and Q branches are imbalanced, the conste

98、llation becomes “rectangular.This worsens peak to average power ratio, as the signal looks more like BPSK modulation.614/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceComplex and HPSK SpreadingComplex Spreading PatternComplexPN SpreadingI,Q Equal MagnitudeComplexPN Spreading I,Q Non-EqualMagnitud

99、eAfter Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband FilteringAfter Baseband FilteringBefore Baseband FilteringNote:The complex spread patterns remain “circular, or more nearly constant amplitude, even when the I and Q branches are unequal in amplitude.This is because the constellation phase is constantly rotat

100、ed in 90 degree steps.624/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceComplex and HPSK SpreadingComplex PN Spreading vs. HPSK spreadingComplex PN SpreadingI,Q Equal MagnitudeHPSK SpreadingI,Q Non-Equal MagnitudeComplex PNComplex PNHPSKHPSKNote:The HPSK patterns have reduced incidence of zero-am

101、plitude crossings as compared with the Complex PN spread patterns.This is due to the specific selection of orthogonal codes, which are selected to prohibit +/- transitions on consecutive bitse.g., + + + + + + - - 634/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUplink Scrambling CodeUplink Scram

102、bling Code (38,400 chips of 225 Gold Code)Note:c2 (quadrature component) is a 16,777,232 chip delayed version of the code, c1 Code “n is created using a 24-bit key n0 . n23 for the initial conditions: xn(0) = n0 ; xn(1) = n1 , xn(23) = n23 ; xn(24)=1y(0) = y(1) = = y(23) = y(24) = 1XYMSBLSBDecimate

103、1:2Clong 1,nClong 2,nw0 = 1 1w0 = 1 -1CscrIQ644/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev AWCDMA Air InterfaceUplink Scrambling CodeRandom Access, Packet AccessCell-specific Scrambling Code(s)Code(s) are assigned by UTRANCode(s) are conveyed to UE via the BCH or FACH8,192 PRACH codes32,768 PCPCH codesCode allocation corresponds tothe cells DL scrambling code groupDedicated Traffic ConnectionUE-specific Scrambling Code(s)Code(s) are assigned by UTRANCode(s) are conveyed to UE via the FACH224 possible codesUplink Scrambling Code Type depends on the ApplicationNote:65