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1、我们一起研究高考我们一起研究高考英语高考第英语高考第II卷卷 第二节第二节 书面表达（书面表达（25分）分）近几年来，在新课标试卷中，书面表近几年来，在新课标试卷中，书面表达趋向于提纲式作文，但是这些提纲达趋向于提纲式作文，但是这些提纲只给出了大致的写作方向，没有限制只给出了大致的写作方向，没有限制具体内容，属于半开放式的提示；考具体内容，属于半开放式的提示；考查应用中的书信，话题与中学生的学查应用中的书信，话题与中学生的学习生活密切相关，考生会觉得有话可习生活密切相关，考生会觉得有话可说，有利于考生的自由发挥。说，有利于考生的自由发挥。高考英语评分原则：高考英语评分原则：1. 本题总分为本题
2、总分为25分，按分，按5个档次个档次给分。给分。2. 评分时，先根据文章的评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言内容和语言初步确初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。定或调整档次，最后给分。3.词数词数少于少于80和和多于多于120的，从总分中的，从总分中减去减去2分。分。4. 评分时应注意的主要内容为：评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点内容要点，应用词汇应用词汇和和语法结构语法结构的的丰富性丰富性和和准确性准确性及上下文的及上下文的连贯性连贯性。高考英语评分原则：高考英语评分原则：5. 拼写与标点符号拼写与标点符号是语言准确
3、性的一个方面。是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，应视其对交际影响的程度予以考虑。英，评分时，应视其对交际影响的程度予以考虑。英，美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6. 如如书写较差书写较差以至影响交际，将其以至影响交际，将其分数降低分数降低一个档次一个档次。7. 语言首先要求准确通顺。语言首先要求准确通顺。8. 鼓励写出新颖词汇，顺畅连接和复杂结构。鼓励写出新颖词汇，顺畅连接和复杂结构。总结总结：什么样的作文是一篇好作文：什么样的作文是一篇好作文无遗漏信息点，即要点全面无遗漏信息点，即要点全面篇章条理清晰：分段和过渡词篇章条理清晰：分段和过渡词句式复杂多样句式复杂多样地道的高级
4、词汇和恰当的词组地道的高级词汇和恰当的词组接下来，我们具体感知一下优秀作文的要素。接下来，我们具体感知一下优秀作文的要素。A good compositioncontent structure languagebe attractive, beautiful,completed in a limited time!What is a good writing？Structure: * Good beginning and ending(好的开头结尾好的开头结尾)* Well organized and smoothly developed (结构合理结构合理,行文流畅行文流畅) Languag
5、e:* No Chinglish (避免中文式英文避免中文式英文)* No Grammatical mistakes (没有语法错误没有语法错误)* With exactly used words and relatively changed sentence patterns (词语的准确运用和句式的富于变化词语的准确运用和句式的富于变化)明确写作步骤 1. Cross-question(审题审题) Main idea Style Verb tense Person2. Seize the major points /key words (抓要点抓要点)figure out the outl
6、ine(提纲提纲)4. Ensure the fluency (添加过渡，确保添加过渡，确保连贯）连贯）Conjunctions/ conjunctive adverbspassage5. Error correcting ( 查错改错查错改错)3. Sentences connection (连句成文连句成文)Words/phrases Sentencespassage高考作文高分卷的特点高考作文高分卷的特点外在美外在美：第一印象很重要！书写清：第一印象很重要！书写清楚，字母匀称，词、行间距适当，楚，字母匀称，词、行间距适当，卷面整洁。卷面整洁。结构美结构美：有合理的段落层次，多为：有合理的
7、段落层次，多为3段式，条理清晰；每段有每段的主段式，条理清晰；每段有每段的主题。题。词汇美词汇美：词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。likebe fond of,be addicted to/ helpdo sb a favor 句式美句式美：运用得当的运用得当的高级句式结构高级句式结构可以可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉而生辉 。衔接美衔接美：使用恰当的使用恰当的连接词连接词，对写一篇，对写一篇有有“英语味英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章的文章很重要，能使文章上下
8、衔接自然、条理清晰。上下衔接自然、条理清晰。卷面篇卷面篇养眼的养眼的当批到下午两点看当批到下午两点看到了它们到了它们太挤了太挤了太乱了太乱了太空了太空了太潦草了太潦草了太没谱了太没谱了老师最恨的作文老师最恨的作文大锅，标点呢？段呢大锅，标点呢？段呢？神，你别抄阅读理解行不神，你别抄阅读理解行不？俺们也会看试卷的！？俺们也会看试卷的！老师最喜欢的作文老师最喜欢的作文Great minds think alike!作文五档：（ 从教师阅卷印象角度划分）漂漂亮亮 （2125分）有模有样 （1620分）马马虎虎 （1115分）稀里糊涂 （610分）一塌糊涂 （05分）Three Rules:1.You
9、 learn to write by writing.2. There is no good writing; only good rewriting.3. When in dout, refer to Rule No. 1 and 2.二、感知典型范例词汇层面词汇层面1adj. 聪明的、脑筋好的聪明的、脑筋好的clever wise smart bright intelligent他昨天下午来的。他昨天下午来的。1. He came here yesterday afternoon.2. He didnt come here until yesterday afternoon.3. Not
10、until yesterday afternoon did he come here.4. It was yesterday afternoon that he came here.二、感知典型范例句型层面句型层面1令她吃惊的是，小女孩知道这么多事情。令她吃惊的是，小女孩知道这么多事情。1. He is surprised that the little girl knows so many things.2. To his surprise , the little girl knows so many things.3. What surprises him is that the lit
11、tle girl knows so many things.二、感知典型范例句型层面句型层面2二、感知典型范例段落层面段落层面1This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look.This village is very small，which
12、has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. However, it has changed a lot since 1978 . People here are leading a richer and happier life than before. Now it is taking on a new look.二、感知典型范例篇章层面篇章层面1DISCUSSION: What is a good writing？ How to catch the experts eyes? DISCUSSI
13、ON: What is a good writing？ Content: Everything which is related to your view needs to includ.(内容要完整内容要完整) （内容要点一个也不能丢，如果人家给的是文字（内容要点一个也不能丢，如果人家给的是文字提示，可以用笔在试题处标出提示，可以用笔在试题处标出1,2,3,4，如果人，如果人家给的是图，那要先看懂图的意思，六个图都家给的是图，那要先看懂图的意思，六个图都要看看再动笔，不要看了一个马上就写。）要看看再动笔，不要看了一个马上就写。）1) Traffic in Shanghai is too cr
14、owded. 2) There has a highway connected with Beijing.3) Though shes almost 40，but she still plans to compete.4) I forgot my dictionary at home. 5) It will cost us much money to buy one. heavy.leftistakeAvoid Chinglish!改错1.I cant understand them when I meet new words,so I have to refer to them in the
15、 dictionary. 2.The ability to read English passages is slowly. 3.There is no doubt that English Study needs lotsof time and efforts. 4.Only by this way, can we keep up with otherstudents.5.Im LiHua, a new student of you. meet withlook uplowlearninginLi Huayours6.My English level is common and I cant
16、 speak verywell. 7.I believe we can get alone well with each other.8.Besides, I think speaking English is as important aswriting English.9.I study English for 12 years so I think I know English very well.10.There are some advice in teaching English. averageitalongspokenwrittenhave studiedisAdopt a v
17、ariety of sentence patterns 使用较丰富的句式使用较丰富的句式1. They even threw rubbish into the lake. They totally ignored the noticeable sign No littering nearby. (使用使用V-ing形式形式) They even threw rubbish into the lake, _ the noticeable sign No littering nearby.totally ignoringAdopt a variety of sentence patterns 使用
18、较丰富的句式使用较丰富的句式Not long ago I won the first prize in the English contest_in our school.(12 山东山东)held2. Not long ago I won the first prize in the English contest. It was held in our school. (使用过去分词使用过去分词) 3. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things. (使用名词性从句使用名词性从句)4. People suggest that
19、the conference be put off. (改被动语态改被动语态)_ the little girl knows so many things.What surprises him is that_the conference be put off.It is suggested that5. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper. (使用强调句型使用强调句型)6. I passed the physics exam because of your help. (用
20、虚拟语气）用虚拟语气）_he had read the news in the newspaper _ he knew what had happened. _the physics exam _your help. It was not until I couldnt have passed thatbut for/without7. I wont believe what he says. (使用状语使用状语 从句从句)8. The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written. (用定用定语从句从句)_he says
21、, I wont believe. The girl_is spoken highly of. No matter what/Whateverwhose composition was well written9. If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （用并列句）（用并列句）10. He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装使用倒装句句)_he come back from Beijing _he was sent abroad._ma
22、ke rapid progress.Study hard,and youllNo sooner had Hardly/scarcely . when.than四、明确写作步骤抄抄改改连连扩扩抓抓审审书面书面表达表达Please learn to Your compositionwhen you finish it from now. 书面表达评价表书面表达评价表 项目项目 自评自评 他评他评1.书写工整吗？有没有乱涂乱划书写工整吗？有没有乱涂乱划?2.句子开头注意大小写了吗句子开头注意大小写了吗?3.有没有注意标点符号有没有注意标点符号?4将文章分段了吗将文章分段了吗?分成了几段分成了几段?5
23、有单词拼写错误吗有单词拼写错误吗?几个几个?6.有时态错误吗有时态错误吗?误用了哪种时态误用了哪种时态?7.注意主谓一致了吗注意主谓一致了吗?8.有没有语态的错误有没有语态的错误?9.有没有使用关联词有没有使用关联词?使用得当吗使用得当吗?10.有没有词性的错误有没有词性的错误?哪一种哪一种?11.简单句表达正确吗简单句表达正确吗?12.是否注意使用了复杂的句子结构是否注意使用了复杂的句子结构?13.表达方式是否多样化表达方式是否多样化?注意长短句搭配了吗注意长短句搭配了吗?14.有没有用好词好句有没有用好词好句?用了哪些用了哪些?五、培养几种技能A)Simple sentence(简单句简单
24、句):Hearing the news, he was happy. B) Compound sentence A（并列句）（并列句）:He gave me a book but I forgot to bring it back home. C) Compound sentence B（复合句）（复合句）:What he is doing has nothing to do with me.“规范的英语句子规范的英语句子”就是我们经常就是我们经常讲的三种句子：讲的三种句子：1.学会使用规范的英语句子Here are 3 ways to make sentences:I.巧妙运用短语，写出规范
25、的简单句：巧妙运用短语，写出规范的简单句：1)借助名词短语做同位语借助名词短语做同位语如：如：李立，男，李立，男，19岁，岁，1991年生；籍贯：年生；籍贯：广东。广东。Li Li, a boy of 19, was born in Guangdong in 1991.2)借助介词短语做定语借助介词短语做定语 如：如：李飞李飞, 男，男，10岁，棕色短发，穿白色茄克。岁，棕色短发，穿白色茄克。Li Fei is a ten-year-old boy with short brown hair and in a white jacket.如：如：有了有了Tom的帮助，我们很快就找到的帮助，我们很
26、快就找到了他们的村子。了他们的村子。With the help of Tom, we soon found their village.4)借助非谓语动词短语做定语或状语借助非谓语动词短语做定语或状语 如：如：他们站在大树下，等待着总统的到来。他们站在大树下，等待着总统的到来。They were standing under the big tree, waiting for the president.Standing under the big tree, they were waiting for the President.3)借助介词短语做状语借助介词短语做状语II. II. 巧用连
27、接词，写出规范的并列句：巧用连接词，写出规范的并列句： 如：如：他给我很多钱，我不要。他给我很多钱，我不要。I was just walking down the street corner when I saw you. 如：如：我刚走到拐角处，就见到你了。我刚走到拐角处，就见到你了。 He gave me a lot of money but I refused. III. III. 用好从句和引导词写出规范的复合句：用好从句和引导词写出规范的复合句：1) 名词性从句名词性从句如：如：老师生气。原因：王力迟到。老师生气。原因：王力迟到。That Wang Li came late to s
28、chool made the teacher very angry.2) 定语从句定语从句如：如：中国中国,地处亚洲东部；特点：地大物博、人口地处亚洲东部；特点：地大物博、人口众多。众多。 China, which lies in the east of Asia, is a great country with a large area and population as well as rich natural resources. I was deeply moved by this, because I know Lei Feng is still living in our hear
29、ts.3) 状语从句状语从句如：如：雷锋还活在我们心中，我深受感动。雷锋还活在我们心中，我深受感动。2、灵活运用九种句式 有意识的将下列句式结构运用到作文中去，有意识的将下列句式结构运用到作文中去，可以迅速地让我们的作文靓起来。重要的是可以迅速地让我们的作文靓起来。重要的是我们要学会如何灵活的变通、巧妙地运用到我们要学会如何灵活的变通、巧妙地运用到考试作文中去。考试作文中去。1. People grow rice in the south of China. Rice is grown in the south of China. 2. They have printed one and a
30、half million copies of the dictionary since 1986. One and a half million copies of the dictionary have been printed since 1986.一、主动句与被动句的互换。一、主动句与被动句的互换。二、将陈述句改为倒装句。二、将陈述句改为倒装句。1.I could hardly understand the importance of English at that time. Hardly could I understand the importance of English at
31、that time. 2. We did not realize our mistakes until at that time. Not until at that time did we realize our mistakes.三、将简单句改为强调句三、将简单句改为强调句1.Smoking did great harm to his health. It was smoking that did great harm to his health. 2. Our money is earned through hard work by our parents. It is through
32、hard work that our money is earned by our parents.3. He went there yesterday. He did go there yesterday.四、将两个简单句合并为并列句四、将两个简单句合并为并列句1.You can do it. I can do it. One of us must do it. you I must do it.2.I want to buy this bike. I dont have enough money. I want to buy this bike, I dont have enough mo
33、ney.Eitherorbut五、将两个简单句合并为复合句五、将两个简单句合并为复合句1. 同位语和同位语从句同位语和同位语从句1)Liu Xiang is an excellent athlete. He won the first prize in Mens 110 Hurdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games. _, _, won the first prize in Mens 110 Hurdle Race in the 2004 Olympic Games.2) The word is true. The president will give our
34、school a speech. _ is true _ the president will give our school a speech.Liu Xiangan excellent athleteItthat2. 定语从句定语从句 1) The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, and its slogan is One World, One Dream, The 2008 Olympic Games, _ _2) In my opinion, the Great Wall and the Summer Palace are wel
35、l worth visiting. In my opinion, the Great Wall and the Summer Palace _3) Yesterday, we went to the East Gate, and we bought a lot of clothes. Yesterday, we went to the East Gate, _ _One Dream, will be held in Beijing.are the two places which are well worth visiting.where we bought aWhose slogan is
36、One World,lot of clothes.3. 主语从句主语从句1) His wonderful performance on the stage impressed me. most was his wonderful performance on the stage.2) It satisfied me. The dining hall provides us with a large variety of kinds of dishes. the dining hall provides us with a large variety of kinds of dishes.3)
37、I learned from the story that as long as we have patience, confidence and perseverance, we can realize our dreams. as long as we have patience, confidence and perseverance, we can realize our dreams.What impressed meWhat satisfied me is thatWhat I have learnt from the story is that 推荐句型推荐句型What surp
38、rises astonished satisfied impressed me is thatWhat I would like to suggest advise put forward is thatWhat matters most is that What I learnconclude from the story is that4. 表语从句表语从句推荐句型：推荐句型： is no longer what it used to be.1) 我的家乡不再像以前那样了。我的家乡不再像以前那样了。 My hometown is no longer what it used to be.2
39、) 他不再是以前那样了。他不再是以前那样了。 He is no longer what he used to be.5. 状语从句状语从句 结果、程度结果、程度 sothat ; such that 让步让步 no matter how what when where. =whatever, however, whenever, wherever 时间时间 was doingwhen , as soon as, the moment, the next time, every time1)不管前面有多少困难，我们都要学会独立的不管前面有多少困难，我们都要学会独立的克服他们。克服他们。 _ _,
40、 we should learn to overcome them independently. 2) 我正沿着马路走，突然我听到有人叫我。我正沿着马路走，突然我听到有人叫我。 I _ along the road _ suddenly I heard my name called.No matter how many difficulties therewas walkingwhenare ahead of us,六、将两个简单句合并为一个由六、将两个简单句合并为一个由which引导的非限引导的非限制性定语从句制性定语从句1. Recently many students spend the
41、ir money on unnecessary things. Different people have different opinions about it. Recently many students spend their money on unnecessary things, about different people have different opinions.2. Many boys learn to smoke. It does harm to their health. Many boys learn to smoke, _ _whichwhich does ha
42、rm totheir health.七、七、it 作形式主语或形式宾语句型作形式主语或形式宾语句型1. You pretend to know what you dont know. Its no good. Its no good pretending to know what you dont know.2. It is easy to get on with Pam. I find. I find it easy to get on with Pam.八、分词结构代替状语从句八、分词结构代替状语从句1.If you work harder, you will do better in t
43、he exam next time. _, you will do better in the exam next time.2. Because my friend was frightened of losing his job, he said nothing to the police. _, my friend said nothing to the police.Working hard Frightened of losing his job 九、九、 将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成变成with 引导的短语或者复合结构引导的短语或者复合结
44、构。With + 宾语宾语+ adj./ adv./ 介词短语介词短语/ to dodoingdone常用句型常用句型 with a population of. with a total area of with a long history of years1) 这个地区占地这个地区占地2000平方千米，人口平方千米，人口10万。万。 This area covers an area of 2000 square kilometers, _2)我们学校周围种了很多花，吸引了大量的学我们学校周围种了很多花，吸引了大量的学生来参观。生来参观。 _, it attracts a large nu
45、mber of people.3) 我们学校是一所有我们学校是一所有100多年历史的名校。多年历史的名校。 Our school is a famous one _ _ with a population of 100,000. With many flowers surrounding our school with a history of over 100 years. 4）没有做完作业，这个小孩不敢去上学。）没有做完作业，这个小孩不敢去上学。 _, the boy dared not go to school.5) 这两个男人早早就睡了，蜡烛烧了一晚上。这两个男人早早就睡了，蜡烛烧了一
46、晚上。 The two men went to bed early, _ _.6) 他睡觉的时候嘴巴张得大大的。他睡觉的时候嘴巴张得大大的。 He sleep _.with candles burning a night long With homework not finished with his mouth wide open 七、实战演练巩固实战演练巩固1 请根据以下的情景说明请根据以下的情景说明, 使用使用5个规范的英个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容。语句子描述全部所给的信息内容。 标题为标题为 “My English Learning” 注：所给情景有时是中文要点，有时是表格
47、。注：所给情景有时是中文要点，有时是表格。 我学英语已经六年了，在英语学习上有了我学英语已经六年了，在英语学习上有了一定的进步，但总是觉得英语难学，尤其是一定的进步，但总是觉得英语难学，尤其是英语中的一些习惯用法。自己今后一定要努英语中的一些习惯用法。自己今后一定要努力学习这门有用的外语，力学习这门有用的外语， 争取早日掌握这门争取早日掌握这门语言。语言。我学英语已经六年了我学英语已经六年了I have been learning English for over 6 years. 在英语学习上有了一定的进步在英语学习上有了一定的进步I have made some progress in m
48、y English. 但总是觉得英语难学，尤其是英语中的一些习惯用法。但总是觉得英语难学，尤其是英语中的一些习惯用法。But I always feel English is hard to learn, especially some English idioms are difficult. 自己今后一定要努力学习这门有用的外语自己今后一定要努力学习这门有用的外语 I will work hard at this useful foreign language. 争取早日掌握这门语言。争取早日掌握这门语言。I will try hard to grasp this foreign lang
49、uage. My English Learning I have been learning English for over 6 years. It is six years since I began to learn English. I have made some progress in my English. With the help of my teachers and classmates, I have made progress in my English. Now Im doing well both in writing and reading in English.
50、 But I always feel English is hard to learn, especially some English idioms are difficult. But I still find it hard to learn English, such as some difficult idioms. I will try hard to master this foreign language. Difficult as it is, I have made up my mind to master this useful language by my hard w
51、ork. My English Learning It is six years since I began to learn English. With the help of my teachers and classmates, I have made progress in my English. Now Im doing well both in writing and reading in English. But I still find it hard to learn English, such as some difficult idioms. Difficult as i
52、t is, I have made up my mind to master this useful language by my hard work. 实战操练：实战操练：最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。客观地介绍讨论情况。60%的同学认为的同学认为1、不应收门票、不应收门票2、公园是公众休闲的地方、公园是公众休闲的地方3、如收票，需建大门、围、如收票，需建大门、围墙，会
53、影响城市形象墙，会影响城市形象40%的同学认为的同学认为1、应收门票，但票价不、应收门票，但票价不宜高宜高2、支付园林工人工、支付园林工人工资资3、购新花木、购新花木注意：注意：1、信的开头已为你写好、信的开头已为你写好2、参考词汇：门票：、参考词汇：门票：entrance fee实战演练巩固实战演练巩固2160的同学的同学认为认为公园公园不应该不应该收费。收费。 Sixty percent of the students think that the park should not charge entrance fees Sixty percent of the students hold
54、 the view that entrance fees should not be charged 被动句被动句Sixty percent of the students have the idea that people should be allowed to enter parks without charge.In the opinion of 60of the students, people can enter parks for free 2公园是公众休闲的地方。公园是公众休闲的地方。 A park is a place for the public to rest and e
55、njoy themselves A park is a place where people rest and relax 定语从句定语从句3如如收门票收门票，需建大门，需建大门围墙，会围墙，会影响影响城市城市形象。形象。 If entrance fees are charged, it will be necessary to build gates and walls, which will affect the appearance of the city （which指代上文）指代上文） With entrance fees charged, it will be necessary
56、to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of the city 440%的同学认为应收门票，的同学认为应收门票， 但票价不宜高但票价不宜高。 40 of the students think that entrance fees are necessary, but the prices should not be high There are 40of the students who think that entrance fees should be charged, but fees should b
57、e low（定语从句）（定语从句）In the opinion of 40 of the students, entrance fees should be charged low5门票收入支付园林工人工资门票收入支付园林工人工资购买新花木。购买新花木。 The income from entrance fees is used to pay the gardeners and buy new plants and flowersThe money from entrance fees is made use of to pay garden workers and buy new plant
58、s With money from entrance fees, the gardeners are paid and new plants as well as young trees are bought （With的短语）的短语）（被动句）（被动句） Dear Editor, Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believed a public park should be free of charge. People
59、need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Without doubt, Charging entrance fees will keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city. On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
