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1、一、介绍与其重要性句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种： 主语主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律，掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配，就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子成分详解表句子成分详解表句子成分句子成分意意义义充当充当词类词类例句例句主主语语表示句子表示句子说说的是什么人或什么的是什么人或什么事事名，代，数，不定名，代，数，不定式，式，动动名名词词，短，短语语或或句子句子We stud
2、y in HuangQiao Middle School.谓语谓语说说明主明主语语做什么，是什么或怎做什么，是什么或怎么么样样动词动词或或动词词组动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语宾语表示表示动动作行作行为为的的对对象象同主同主语语Both of us like English.表表语语与与联联系系动词连动词连用，一起构成用，一起构成谓谓语语，说说明主明主语语的性的性质质或特征或特征同主同主语语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定定语语用来修用来修饰饰名名词词或代或代词词形，代，数，名形，
3、代，数，名, 副，介副，介词词短短语语或句子或句子We have eight lessons every day.状状语语修修饰动词饰动词，形容，形容词词，副，副词词，表，表示示动动作作发发生的生的时间时间，地点，原，地点，原因，目的，方式，因，目的，方式，结结果等果等副副词词，介，介词词短短语语或句或句子子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语宾语补补足足语语逻辑逻辑上与上与宾语宾语是主是主谓谓关系关系形容形容词词，名，名词词，介，介词词短短语语等等She always keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基
4、础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！英语的句子成分： 一）一） 主语：主语： Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.二）谓语二）谓语由由_担任。担任。助动词或情态动
5、词助动词或情态动词加其加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. 动词动词/动词短语动词短语名词名词代词代词数词数词to do不定式不定式doing动名词动名词句子句子1.My father is a professor. 2.Whos that? Its me. 3.Everything here is expensive. 4.Th
6、e match became very exciting. 5.The story of my life may be of help to others.6.Three times five is fifteen.7.His plan is to seek work in the city. 8.My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. 三）三）表语 它的位置在_之后。是用来说明主语的_,_, _的.系动词、连系动词系动词、连系动词性质性质特征特征状态状态名词名词 n代词代词 pron形容词形容词 adjadj介词短语介词短语
7、数词数词to do不定式不定式句子句子（四）宾语 表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在_之后。_词后也会跟宾语。1.She covered her face with her hands.2. We havent seen her for a long time. 3.Do you mind opening the window? 4. Give me four please. 5. He wants to dream a nice dream. 6. We need know what others are doing. 7. We should care more about ou
8、r friends. 动词动词/动词短语动词短语介词介词名词名词 n代词代词 pron动名词动名词代词和数词代词和数词to do不定式不定式句子句子介词介词+名词名词（五）定语 是修饰_词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_。1.They are woman workers. 2.Toms father didnt write home until yesterday. 3.Mary is a beautiful girl. 4.The play has three acts. 5.This is her first trip to Europe
9、. 6.China is a developing country. 7.I have nothing to eat. 8.Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 名名前前后后 名词名词名词所有格名词所有格形容词形容词 adj数词数词形容词形容词 /序数词序数词 /to do 不定不定式式现在分词现在分词 doingto do 不定式不定式从句从句六）状语 状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。1. The best fish swim near the bottom. 2. I left
10、the village five years ago. 3. I arrived late because of the traffic jam .4. Well send a car to fetch you. 5. The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones6. The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.7. If he goes, so will I . 8. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
11、地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语原因状语原因状语目的状语目的状语结果状语结果状语伴随状语伴随状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语七）宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。1.They elected me captain of the team. 2.We try to make our country strong. 3.We found everything in good order there. 4.I should advise you to get the chance. 5.I saw him going upstairs. 6
12、.They found the house broken in.名词名词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语to do 不定式不定式现在分词现在分词 doingdone 过去分词过去分词宾语和宾语补足语一起构成宾语和宾语补足语一起构成动词的动词的复合结构复合结构八）主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语1.I was elected captain of the team.2.Our country will be made strong.与宾语补足语一样与宾语补足语一样口诀记忆 主谓宾表定状补，解释说明同位语。主谓宾表定状补，解释说明同位语。 句子主干
13、主谓宾（表），辅助成分定状补。句子主干主谓宾（表），辅助成分定状补。 定语修饰名词代，状修动词还有副。定语修饰名词代，状修动词还有副。 主谓人称数一致，宾语之后常有补。主谓人称数一致，宾语之后常有补。二.五种简单句基本句型1.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语2.主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语3.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语动词动词系动词系动词不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词主语主语+系系+表语表语主语主语+谓语谓语1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. 主语主语 系动词系动
14、词 表语表语2）The city will become rich. 主语主语 系动词系动词 表语表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：在这类结构中最常用的系动词是： “变化变化”类：类：_. “感官感官”类类: _. “持续持续”类：类：_. 其他：（似乎）其他：（似乎）_ _ (证明是证明是)_get/ become/ turn/grow/gotaste/ smell/ feel/look/soundstay/ keep/remainSeem appearturn out/ prove(to be)1主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 表语表语Exercises1.你的故事听起来很有趣。_.2.把
15、鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏的。_.3.这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。_.4.这个计划证明是可行的。_.You story sounded very interesting.Put the fish into fridge, or they will go bad.The hot day will remain/stay/ keep a few days.The plan turned out/proved （to be) practical.2主语 + 谓语1）Building has started. 主语主语 谓语谓语2）The train leaves at 7:40. 主语主语 谓语谓语
16、_搭配：搭配：The teacher teaches well. The child walks very slowly._搭配：搭配： The girl looked at the picture. The children ran to the forest.动词副词动词副词动词介词动词介词Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。 _Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.3主语 + 谓语 + 宾语1.The boss employed five more workers. 主语主语 谓
17、语谓语 宾语宾语1.My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.2.Few students like taking exams.3.He forgot to close the door.4.I hope I can speak English fluently. Exercise1.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。_.2.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。_.3.他许诺给我一个礼物。_.He drove so fast that he broke the traffic rules.He took out a beer and drank i
18、t up quickly.He promised to give me a gift.4主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语1）He has fetched us some new textbooks. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject. 4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.可接双宾语的常见动词有：可接双宾语的常见动词有：
19、ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise 顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_.下学期谁教你们生物？_.Mr. White告诉我为什么他要出国。_.By the way, has she paid you money?Who will teach you biology?Mr. White told me why he went abroad.5主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语1）The villagers didnt allow them to do this. 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 2）I will keep the box in the shade. 3）We found him a very good pupil.4）She let me stay in the company.Exercise他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。_.我建议他多读点书。_. 他修了机器。_.我们选他当班长。_.He always keeps his room cleanI suggest him reading more books.He had his machine repaired.We made him monitor.
