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1、现现 在在 完完 成成 时时 态态ThePresentPerfectTense study EnglishHow long have you been studying English?I have been studying English for two years.(2009-now)2009started studying English2012studying2 yearshas been studyingWhen did you start studying English? In 2009.现在完成时现在完成时PresentperfecttensePresentperfectte
2、nse构成:助动词助动词have/has + 过去分词过去分词1.肯定句肯定句 现在完成时的肯定句式是现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）过去分词）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的注意：该句式中的have或或has是助动词是助动词，has用于第三人用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用称单数，其它人称一律用have。eg. He has eaten supper.They have eaten supper.2.疑问句疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词havehave或或hashas提提到主语之前。到主语之前。 ( (回答用回答用“YesYes，-have
3、/has-have/has“NoNo，-haven-havent/hasnt/hasnt t” ）3.否定句否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是现在完成时的否定句式是“havent/hasnthavent/hasnt过去分词过去分词”。 eg. Has he eaten supper?Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.eg. He hasnt eaten supper.They havent eaten supper.现在完成时态的分类现在完成时态的分类用法一、用法一、1。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,（强调结果现在还存在）
4、（强调结果现在还存在）例如例如Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我刚洗过衣服。我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是是“衣服干净了衣服干净了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(对现在的影响：不饿对现在的影响：不饿)Hashehadhisbreakfast?Yes,hehas.Whendidhehavehisbreakfast?Hehadbreakfastat6:00.1. My father bought many books for me yesterday . Now , I have
5、a lot to read because _2. I saw this film last week.Now, I know this film because I_.3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_my father has bought many books for me.have seen it beforehave done it.通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just (谓语动词之前谓语动词之前) （刚（刚刚）刚）, alrea
6、dy（已经（已经(肯定句肯定句) ）, before, yet（一般疑问（一般疑问(句末）句末） ：已经；否定句：还）：已经；否定句：还） never, ever (疑问句疑问句) twice recently(近来）近来）等状语连用等状语连用 1 Tom has already finished his homework. Tom hasnt finished his homework yet. 2 I have just had my lunch. She hasnt seen you before. 3 Have you ever eaten fish? I have never eat
7、en fish I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. Exercises1.I_(have)lunchalready.2.thetrain_(arrive)yet?3.Tom_never_(be)toChina.4
8、.Thetwin_just_(see)myfather.5.Thetwins_(see)myfatherjustnow.6._youever_(ride)ahorse?Never.have hadHas arrivedhasbeenhasseensawhave ridden7._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.8._ he _(see) this film yet? No. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it to
9、morrow. 9. How many times _you_(come) here? Once.Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseenwillseewill seehavecome1 你已经问过这个问题两边了，别再烦我了。2我能借你的字典用一下吗？对不起，已经借给tom了。3 你以前见过她吗？不，从来没有过。 4 你曾经去过北京吗？是的我去过那儿三次。5 你已经看完那本小说了吗？是的，我已经把它还给图书馆了。用法二用法二： 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示示一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去一
10、直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。A A 动词动词使用延续性动词使用延续性动词。B B 和表时间段的时间状语连用。和表时间段的时间状语连用。常与常与for或或since引导的时间连用引导的时间连用so far, up to/till now, in the last/past+一段时间，一段时间，all ones life, by now, these days, these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 yea
11、rs/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：注意：(1)since一段时间一段时间agofor时间时间段段;sincetwoweeksago=fortwoweeks;Ihavekeptthelibrarybookforaweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybooksinceaweekago.(2)since+时间点时间点for时间时间段段 since2000=for years(3)since+从句从句(常常
12、用一般过去时用一般过去时)TheGreenshavelivedinBeijingsincetheymovedtoBeijingfromParis(4)Itis/hasbeen+一段时间一段时间 +since从句从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了自从某事发生已有一段时间了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.一、用一、用for和和since填空。填空。_three hours_three oclock_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_a week_a long ti
13、me_1997 _two weeks_three years ago _ last monthforsinceforsincesincesinceforforsinceforsincesince用用forfor和和sincesince填空填空1.They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China.2. I havent seen her _ a long time.3. He has been living here _ 2001.4. She has been doing her homework _ two hours.5. Its 5
14、 years _ we left school.6. How long has Mary been a teacher? _ two years ago. sinceforsinceforsinceSince用用for或或since填空。填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland_Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland_three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 oclock.5. I
15、ndia has been an independent country_1974.6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting_20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill_a long time. He has been in hospital _October9. Its ten years _ we met each other last time. 10. He has taught English _ 25
16、 years. 11. The Greens have lived on the farm _ 1990. 12. They have been practicing the guitar _ two hours. 13.How long have you been a reporter? _ 8 years ago. 14. I havent gone for a walk in the park _ a long time. 15. Hes been collecting stamps _ he was in primary school. 16. Peter has been to su
17、mmer camp _ 3 times. 1 我自从上周三以来都没有看过电视了。2 教室这么脏，谁没有扫？3 我自从98年来这儿，一直在二中教英语。4 她自从三岁开始一直在这儿住。5在刚刚过去的半年里我已经教了许多好朋友。6你爸爸在那个工厂工作多久了？自从我们99年搬家来这儿。三、非延续性动词与现在完成时三、非延续性动词与现在完成时短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：动词是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, g
18、o, join, leave, marry等。等。为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等来代替非延续性动词。等来代替非延续性动词。他入党五年了。他入党五年了。He joined the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.it is five years since he joined the Party电影开始五分钟了。电影开始五分钟了。 The film
19、began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变第一类第一类：动词：动词 be+adj.diefinishopen/closefallill/asleepmarrysb/getmarriedto第二类第二类：动词：动词 be+介词介词.start/beginleavejoin be deadbe away from be in/be a member ofbe open/clo
20、sedbe onbe overbe ill/asleepbe married to第三类第三类：动词：动词 另一个动词另一个动词 buyborrowget/beginto延续性延续性v.becomeputoneg.keephavebe延续性延续性v.wearHisfatherdied2yearsago.Thefootballmatchbeganat9:00a.m.Thetwinsjoinedthearmywhentheywere18yearsold.MyteacherleftNanjing3daysago.His father has been dead for 2 years/since t
21、wo years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/ in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old. My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago.巧记瞬间性动词的转换巧记瞬间性动词的转换“开始开始离离去去借借来来还还， 出生出生入入死死买买到到家，家，穿衣穿衣入睡入睡要要感冒感冒， 开开开开关关关关变变结束。结束。”1
22、beginbeon6 returnbeback2 leavebeawayfrom7 joinbein3 gobeoff8 diebedead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebehere10 arrivebehere10 reachbe here11put onwear13catch a coldhave a cold14openbe open15closebe closed17end/finishbe over16becomebe12fall asleepbe asleep,结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语 arriveat/insp/getto
23、/reachsp/come/go/movetospbeinsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethereHegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.2)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.4)Theycameherelastweek.They_heresince_.cometo/gobackto/returntobebacktogooutbeoutHecameouttwoyearsago.He_for_.2)Wereturn
24、toBeijingyesterday.We_toBeijingsince_.becomebeIbecameateacherin2000.I_ateacherfor_.2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver_dirtyfor_.closebeclosedopenbeopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_for_.2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor_forsixhours. get up be up; die be dead; leave sp. be away from sp.
25、fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep; finish / end be over;marry be married;1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I
26、 got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ;begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep; lose not have ;buy
27、have ;put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold; get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been i
28、nHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He
29、 _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.注意点四：注意点四：have been in, have been to 与与have gone to 的用法的用法1、have (has) been in 表示表示“在某地（多长时间）在某地（多长时间）”，现在仍在那里。常与表，现在仍在那里。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Mr. Brown has been
30、in Shanghai for three days. 布朗来上海已经有三天了。布朗来上海已经有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。他们到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示表示“曾经去过某地曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，例如：等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.
31、 玛丽从未去过长城。玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾经去过杭州吗？你以前曾经去过杭州吗？Have (has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。他们去过那个村庄好几次了。3、have (has) gone to 意为意为“到某地去了到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，例如：中。总之，说
32、话时该人不在现场，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到书店去了。他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。约翰逊到伦敦去了。have /has been to和和have / has gone to 的用法区别的用法区别 1“Have /has been to+地名地名”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已经回到说话地点，常与once、twice、ever、never等时间连用。2“have / has gone to +地名地名”表示去某地了，现在没有回答，人不在说话地点。
33、 巧记巧记： been to been to ，gone togone to 意不同，两者用法要记清；意不同，两者用法要记清； have been tohave been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行；地名，曾经到过某地行； have gone tohave gone to + 地点，到某地去了一走远。地点，到某地去了一走远。用have /has been to和和have / has gone to填空Hi，Lucy，youeverBeijing？No，I.Whataboutyoursister，Lily？Oh，sheChengdu，shewillcomebacknextweek.Ok，t
34、hanks.Yourewelcome.have been to haventhas gone to用法四用法四,用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各种形式填空.1) Where is Jack He _ his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village 5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ ying for years.6) _ yo
35、u ever _ America - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim He _ the farm.9) When_ he _ He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now - I _ to the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there la
36、st year 14) _ they often _ skating in winter试一试，用所给词的正确形式填空1I（live）heresinceIwastenyearsold.2I（live）herein1998.3-youyourbreakfast？-Yes，Ihave.-Whenyouit？-30minutesago.注意现在完成时的几个特殊方面：（一）现在完成时与一般现在时的区别have livedlivedHave haddid have 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所
37、以它不能和表示过去时的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现间状语连用；而一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。在不发生关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。一）现在完成时与一般现在时的句型转换eg：IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears-IstudiedEnglishthreeyearsago-ItisthreeyearssinceIstudiedEnglish注意点一：注意点一：现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较现在完
38、成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。间状语连用。 如：如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等等 试比较：试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）在
39、这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）动作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我我“现现在已经不在这儿任教了）在已经不在这儿任教了）用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列
40、句子。用括号中所给的动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange.4. We _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Yes, he _ (teac
41、h) us English for two years.7. I _(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?8. What _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them.9. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I dont know.10. My father _ (read) the novel twice.11. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year.12. T
42、he students _(study) in the middle school since last month.13. How long _ you _(know) him?14. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China.15. I _(give) my friend a nice book recently.16. Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see) the old man three times.17. _ she ever _(teach) you English?18. These chi
43、ldren _ (stay) in the park for two hours.1.A：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？：你收集贝壳有多长时间了？ B:自从我上中学以来。自从我上中学以来。 A：How long _ you _ _ shells? B：_ I _ to middle school.2.我滑冰已有五个小时了。我滑冰已有五个小时了。 I _ _ _ _ 5 hours.3.A:这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗这是你首次参加滑冰马拉松吗?B:不不,去年我参加过。去年我参加过。 A: Was this your _ _ _? B: No，I _ in a _ last year.4.A:你什么时候
44、得到第一双溜冰鞋？你什么时候得到第一双溜冰鞋？ B: 3年前。年前。 A: When did you _ your first _ _ _? B: Three years ago.5. A:他游泳有多长时间了？他游泳有多长时间了？ B: 他已游了半小时了。他已游了半小时了。 A: How long _ he _ _ ? B: He _ _ _ _ half an hour.have been collectingSince wenthave been skating forfirst skating marathonskated marathonget pair of skateshas be
45、en swimminghas been swimming for6. 6. 你上网多久了你上网多久了? ?7. 7. 我上网三小时了。我上网三小时了。8. 8. 你什么时候开始集邮的？你什么时候开始集邮的？9. 9. 我五年前开始集邮的。我五年前开始集邮的。10. 10. 他收集贝壳十年了。他收集贝壳十年了。How long have you been surfing the Internet?Ive been surfing the Internet for three hours.When did you start collecting stamps?I started collecti
46、ng stamps five years ago.He has been collecting shells for ten years.11、他一直在这条街住了近、他一直在这条街住了近20年了。年了。12、我打扫房间已经扫了、我打扫房间已经扫了3个小时了。个小时了。13、自从、自从4岁起我就一直学英语。岁起我就一直学英语。14、你六点起就一直在给他讲电话？、你六点起就一直在给他讲电话？15、雨下多久了？、雨下多久了？I have been cleaning the room for three hours.He has been living in the street for about
47、20 years.Ive been studying English since I was 4 years old.Have you been talking with him on the phone since 6:00 p.m.?How long has it been raining?1.Shes_(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem_(be)inHongkongfortendays.3.Bothofthem_(come)toHongkongtendaysago.4.Halfanhour_(pass)sincethetrain_(leav
48、e).5.Mary_(lose)herpen._you_(see)ithereandthere6._you_(find)yourwatchyet7.-Areyouthirsty-NoI_just_(have)someorange.8.We-already_(return)thebook.9._they_(build)anewschoolinthevillage10.I_(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme11.Myfather_(read)thenoveltwice.12.I_(buy)abookjustnow.13.I_(lost)mywatchyesterd
49、ay.14.Myfather_(read)thisbooksinceyesterday 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) -have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour
50、 ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago
51、. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ 1 His father died two years ago.His father _ _ _ for two years.2. He has been in the army for three years._ _ three years since he _ the army.3. I began to study at this school five years ago.I _ _ at this school _ five years.4. Have you ever visited Beijing?Have you ever _ _ _ ?5
52、. I am a teacher. I became a teacher five years ago.I _ _ _ _ for five years.I _ _ _ _ _ five years ago.6. I bought the car five years ago.I _ _ the car for five years.7. I have borrowed a new book from the school library.I _ _ a new book from the school library for two days.8. The boy has come back
53、.The boy _ _ _ for an hour.9. The film has begun.The film _ _ _ _ five minutes.10. The man in a hat has left.The man in a hat _ _ _ _ half an hour ago.11. Both students havent finished their homework._ _ _ finished their homework.动词的过去分词的规则变化，在动词后加ed，规则变化有以下四种：原形+ed如：worked,passed词尾是e时，直接加d如：likedli
54、ved若词尾为“辅音字母加y”，则改y为i加ed。词尾为“元音字母+y”时，直接加d；如:playedstayedstudiedcried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed.如：stoppeddropped动词的过去分词的规则变化不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律AAA: put put put letlet letABA: becomebecamebecomeABB: standstoodstoodABC: eat ateeatenAAAcost-cost-cost read-read-readput-put-put cut-cut-cutlet-let-le
55、t set-set-setbeat-beat-beat hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt spit-spit-spit rid-rid-rid一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-comebecome-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词例词例词-eep-e
56、pt-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词含规则动词)1.另有一些其它形式的变化。have(has)-had-hadleave-left-leftlose-lost-lostmake-made-madefeel-felt-feltspell-spe
57、lt-speltstand-stood-stood2.改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat(babysit)win-won-wonshine-shone-shonehold-held-heldfind-found-foundhear-heard-heardhang-hung(hanged)-hung(hanged)ABB(含规则动词含规则动词)ABC原型原型过去式过去式过去分过去分词词例词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,t
58、hrow,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,writeABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。take-took-takengive-gave-givenfall-fell-falleneat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozenride-rode-riddenget-got-gotten(got)forget-forgot-forgotten(forgot)特殊：am/is-was-beenare-were-been,do(does)-did-donego-went-gonesee-saw-seenshow-showed-shown(showed)lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)
