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1、高三英语二轮复习：短文改错解题技巧讲解与训练短文改错口诀动词形, 名词数, 还要注意形和副;非谓语, 细辨别，习惯用法要记住:句子成分多分析，逻辑错误须关注; 冠词连词常光顾详解：一、动词形：主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。动词形常见错误：1 ) 一般过去时与一般 现在时错用。2 ) 第三人称单数形式错用。第三人称单数：I s/was2 ) and, bu t, o r , al so 前后动词时态不一致。( 具有对称性)4)主谓不一致。5)缺少谓语动词1 . 主谓宾结构缺少be动词2 、主系表结构( am /is/ar e/was/wer e)6)主动语态与被
2、动语态错用wash- is washed7 ) U sed t o 的运用错误例如： M y fav o r ite sp o r t ar e fo o tbal l , ( is)N o w m y p ictu r e and p r iz e i _ s hanging in the l ibr ar y , ( ar e)二、名词数：指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。改正方法：1 )根据名词前的修饰限定成份.2 )根据上下文的逻辑关系.例如：,so that I 11 get good marks in all my subject, (subjects)三、
3、还要注意形和副：注意形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。根据adj或adv的基本用法确定错误；修饰系动词(am/is/are/was/were)或名词用形容词；修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。例如：I m sure we 11 have a wonderfully time together, (wonderful)Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.(Unfortunately)四、非谓语. ，细辨别：这是
4、考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现在分词、过去分词，动名词和不定式错误。1 )不定式to do2)动名词doing作主语、宾语3) a n d连接的不定式或动名词前后一致( 尤其距离较远时)4 )现在分词和过去分词的区别等例如：,in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football,(interested)Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (playing)My parents love meand wi11 do al 1 they can A
5、 make sure (to)五、习惯用法要记住：主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and(of)W e m u st keep in m ind that we p l ay fo r the team instead A o u r sel v es,( o f)六、句子成分多分析：不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语境要选择不同的词语只有对句子结构和成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：T hey A ea
6、ger to kno w ev er y thing abo u t C hina and ( wer e)I l iv e in B eijing, wher e is the cap ital o f C hina, ( which)七、逻辑错误须关注：与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误，如称谓上的张冠李戴。例如：T he Sm iths did his best to m ake m e feel at ho m e, ( their )no way o f setting the m atter ex cep t by sel l ing the set. N o ws
7、o m eo ne at ho m e r eads instead, ( ev er y o ne)八、冠词连词常光顾：常考的错误形式有：连词bu t, and, o r 和s。 的用法错误，以及冠词的用法错误等。四不改：标点符号不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改( 不是不改，而是按错词或少词来改) 。在纲外生词不改。文中出现带汉语注释的词，在句中不可能用错短文改错具体考点详解考点1 . 名词命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数. 改正方法： （ 1 ） 根据名词前的修饰限定成份 ； （ 2 ） 根据上下文的逻辑关系.详解：1 . Sh e s a i d t h a t s h e a nd my
8、s c h ool ma t e a l l w i s h e d me s u c c e s s .2 . Af t e r c l a s s w e b e c ome s t ra ng e r a t onc e .3. Th e y w a nt me t o d e v ot e a l l my t i me t o my s t u d i e s s o t h a t I 1 1 g e tma rk s i n a l l my s u b j e c t .4. On t h e w a y u p I w a s b u s y t a k i ng pi c
9、t u re s i nc e t h e s c e ne ry w a s s ob e a u t i f u l .5. Th e re a re a d v a nt a g e f or s t u d e nt s t o w ork w h i l e s t u d y i ng a t s c h ool .6. He h a d no i d e a s t h a t t h e k i t c h e n w a s not f or g u e s t s .7. I l ook e d a t h i s ot h e r h a nd s .考 点 2 . 代词
10、命题特点：L 女性代词指代男性或相反；2 . 单数指代复数；3 代词词性误用。改正方法：联系上下文的逻辑关系。代词的错误特点：L 人称代词的偷换错误2.缺少人称代词的错误3人称代词数的一致问题4.人称代词格的一致问题详解:8. Th e Smi t h s d i d h i s b e s t t o ma k e me f e e l a t h ome .9. I h a v e a g ood f ri e nd w h o, s na me i s Li u Me i .1 0 . It w a s a b ou t noon w h e n w e a rri v e d a t
11、t h e f oot of t h e mou nt a i n. Th et h re e of t h e m w e re v e ry e x c i t e d . 1 1 . Soon I b e g a n t o e nj oy t a l k i ng t omy s e l f on pa pe r a s Iw a s l e a rni ng t o e x pre s s me i n s i mpl e Eng l i s h .1 2 . One d a y I w rot e a l i t t l e s t ory a nd s h ow e d t o
12、my t e a c h e r .1 3. Some s t u d e nt s ma y a l s o s a v e u p f or ou r c ol l e g e or f u t u re u s e .1 4. I t ook i t i n me a nd w e w a l k e d .考点3. 介词命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1 ）介词的基本用法；2 ）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如t a l k , s e rv e , w a i t介词的错误：介词短语常常考，固定搭配要记牢。介词后边跟宾语，结合语境细推敲。详解：1 5
13、. W e d o not s e e m t o g e t mu c h t i me t o t a l k a b ou t t og e t h e r.1 6. I w a s s o t i re d t h a t I f e l l a s l e e p a t t h e mome nt my h e a d t ou c h e dt h e pi l l ow .1 7. Th e ma i n prob l e m w a s i n t h a t I a l w a y s t h ou g h t i n Ch i ne s e a nd t ri e dt
14、o t ra ns l a t e a ny t h i ng i nt o Eng l i s h .1 8. W e 1 1 t a l k w i t h ou r pl a n f or t h e w e e k e nd ov e r d i nne r.1 9. I a m w ri t i ng t o t h a nk y ou w i t h y ou r k i nd h e l p.2 0 . He w a s l ook i ng f or a g l a s s t h e c u pb oa rd .2 1 . Ea c h t h e s e l i ne s
15、s t a nd s f or a t rou b l e i n my l i f e .考 点4时态命题特点及改正方法：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。每年都考。要注意联系上下文，着眼于整个语篇的时态。通常整篇都是过去，突然一个句子用现在时。其中又以一般现在时和过去时互改为多。详解：2 2 . Th e y d i d not w a nt me t o d o a ny w ork a t h ome ; t h e y w a nt me t od e v ot e a l l my t i me t o my s t u d i e s s o t h a t - - -
16、2 3. Th e t i me pa s s e s qu i c k l y . Ev e ni ng c a me .2 4. Sh e l i k e d i t v e ry mu c h a nd re a d s i t t o t h e c l a s s .2 5. I d on t k now t h a t t h e y d on, t l i k e t o t a l k w i t h me . Some t i me s , w et a l k e d t o e a c h ot h e r v e ry w e l l i n c l a s s .2
17、6. I w i l l w ri t e a g a i n a nd s e nd y ou t h e ph ot os w e t a k e t og e t h e r.2 7. W e h a d g u e s t s l a s t ni g h t w h o h a v e not s t a y e d i n a B& B h ot e l a g o.考 点5. a nd b u t or误用及前后不一致命题特点：主要考查a nd、or、b u t、s o等并列连词的误用。How e v e r与a l t h ou g h / t h ou g h不能同时出现改正
18、方法；1 ）根据句意确定误；2 ）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误。详解:2 8. Sh e i s s mi l i ng a t me b u t nod d i ng a t me .2 9. It l ook s a s i f my pa re nt s t re a t me a s a v i s i t or a nd a g u e s t .30 . Th e f ood w a s e x pe ns i v e a nd t h e s e rv i c e w a s g ood .31 . I c a me i nt o t h e l i v i ng room a n
19、d s a w one of t h e m j u s t g o t h rou g ht h e k i t c h e n d oor b u t t u rn on t h e l i g h t .32 . W e f e d monk e y s , v i s i t i ng t e mpl e s a nd t ol d s t ori e s .33. Sh e l i k e d i t v e ry mu c h a nd re a d s i t t o t h e c l a s s .考点6.从句连词命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误主要涉及句子成份和复合句
20、的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2 ）复合句中从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。平行结构常使用等立连词and, but, or或连词词组not only but also ,either or , neither nor遵循就近原贝! ! 。主语+With, together with, as well as, besides,动词与主语一致and, but, or, also 前后动词时态不一致。（ 具有对称性）详解：34. It w a s a b ou t noon w e a rri v e d a t t h e f oot of t
21、h e mou nt a i n.35 . I d on, t k now t h a t t h e y d on, t l i k e t o t a l k w i t h me .36. Th e ma i n prob l e m w a s i n t h a t I a l w a y s t h ou g h t i n Ch i ne s e a nd t ri e dt o t ra ns l a t e e v e ry t h i ng i nt o Eng l i s h .37. W h a t t h i ng s a re i n ot h e r h ome
22、s , I w ond e r.38. Ea rni ng t h e i r ow n mone y a l l ow s t h e m t o s pe nd on a ny t h i ng a s i ft h e y pl e a s e .39. Th e y d i d not w a nt b re a k f a s t b e c a u s e t h a t t h e y w e re g oi ng ou t e a rl yi n t h e morni ng .考点7.冠词命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1 ）不定冠词a和a n
23、互改；2 ）不定冠词a或a n和定冠词t h e互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。详解：40 . As e v e ry one k now s , i t s f a mou s mou nt a i n w i t h a l l k i nd s of pl a nt sa nd a ni ma l s .41 . W e ma y b e one f a mi l y a nd l i v e u nd e r a s a me roof , b u t - -42 . On Th u rs d a y I w i l l h a v e t o d e c i d e w h a t I
24、w a nt t o d oov e r a w e e k e nd .43. I h ope y ou, v e h a d pl e a s a nt j ou rne y h ome考点8.形容词和副词命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级笠。1 ）根据a d j .或a d v .的基本用法确定错误；2 ）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。详解：44. I w ou l d d e s c ri b e my s e l f a s s h y a nd qu i e t l y .45. Th e re h
25、 a v e b e e n re port s i n Ame ri c a a b ou t pe opl e t ry i ng t o s t e a lpe rs on i nf orma t i on f or b a d pu rpos e s .46. Fi nd i ng i nf orma t i on on t h e Ne t i s e a s i l y .47. So w h a t I l e a rne d f rom t h e j ob w a s mu c h more i mport a nt a s w h a t Ie a rne d .48. M
26、y pronu nc i a t i on w a s t e rri b l y .49. Th e y c a me b a c k l a t e l y a nd h a d s ome t e a .考点9.非谓语动词命题特点改正方法：1 ）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错用；2 ）动词不定式和动名词的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。详解：50 . Ea rni ng t h e i r ow n mone y a l l ow t h e m t o s pe nd on a ny t h i ng a s t h e ypl e a s e .51 . My pa re nt s
27、w i l l d o a l l t h e y c a n ma k e s u re t h a t I g e t a g oode d u c a t i on.52 . Soon I b e g a n t o e nj oy t a l k t o my s e l f on pa pe r a s I w a s l e a rni ng t oe x pre s s my s e l f i n s i mpl e Eng l i s h .53. W e f e d monk e y s , v i s i t i ng t e mpl e s a nd t ol d s
28、t ori e s .54. Some s t u d e nt s ma y a l s o t o s a v e u p f or ou r c ol l e g e or f u t u re u s e .答案1 （ schoolmate改为schoolmates） 2 （ stranger改为strangers） 3 （ subject改为subjects）4 （ picture改为pictures） 5 （ advantage改为advantages） 6 （ ideas改为idea） 7 （ hands改为hand）8 （ his改为their） 9 （ who, s改为who
29、se） 10 （ them改为us） 11 （ me改为myself）12 （ showed后加it）13 （ our改为their） 14 （ me改为mine） 15 去掉about） 1 6 .（ 去掉at） 17 （ 去掉was后的in） 18 （ with改为about） 19 （ with改为for） 20 （ glass后加in） 21（ each后加of） 22 （ did改为do） 23 （ passes改为passed）24 （ reads改为read） 25 （ talked改为talk） 26. （ take改为took） 27. （ have改为had） 28. （
30、but改为and） 29. （ and改为or） 30 （ and改为but） 31 （ but改为and） 32 （ visiting改为visited） 33 （ reads改为read）34 （ noon后加when） 35 （ that改为why） 36 （ 去掉that前的in） 37 （ What改为How） 38 （ 去掉if） 39 （ 去掉that） 40 （ famous前加a ） 41 （ a改为the） 42 （ a改为the） 43 （ had后加a） 44 （ quietly改为quiet） 45 （ person改为personal） 46（ easily改为ea
31、sy） 47 （ as改为than） 48 （ terribly改为terrible） 49（ lately改为late） 50 （ allow改为allows） 51 （ make前加to） 52 （ talk改为talking） 53 （ visiting改为visited） 54 （ 去掉to）英语短文改错典型练习（ - ）When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in thetests. I was feeling very nervous. I had studied at all at the weekend
32、as I had thought it would be easy test. I went through the test formany times but I could only answer three out from the twentyquestions. I did not want to fail the exam. Then, I put my book undermy d esk, opening it a nd sta rted looking for the a nswer. T he tea c herwa sn, t looking a t me, but I
33、 c opied something. Sud d enly, I felt a ha ndon my should er! T he tea c her c a ught me c hea ting. I d on, t know wha t tosa y. Luc kily, the tea c her d id not punish for c hea ting but instea dga ve me a sec ond c ha nc e.I ha ve a good friend who, s na me is Liu Mei. She is our monitora nd one
34、 of the exc ellent stud ents in our c la ss. Clever a s she is,but she word s very ha rd . W e ha ve a lot on c ommon a nd ha ve a lot tota lk . O ne evening she told me tha t something ha ppened when herpa rents wa s out. She wa s d oing her homeworksone Sund a y morning when she smelt something bu
35、rning. She stoppedlook out of the wind ow a nd find a c loud of smoke c oming out of herneighborJ s house . She c a lled 119 immed ia te. T en minutes la ter, thefiremen c a me a nd put out fire. Her neighbor wa s very tha nkful for herhelp.（ 三）I often d rea m of a tea c her, I d rea m of sta nd ing
36、 on the pla tformin the c la ssroom a nd give lessons to lovely boys a nd girls. I tea c hthem, pla y with them, but wa tc h them growing up. I a m a lwa ys youngwhen I wa s sta ying with them. I know there is not ea sy to be atea c her. Y ou ha ve to lea rn in ord er to tea c h. W ithout enoughknow
37、led ges, you c a n never lea rn well . W ha t is more , you ha ve to befriend s with your pupils a nd ta ke good c a re of him. O nly in this wa yc a n you be good tea c her a nd win respec t from them. T hough I a m astud ent now, I will work a s very ha rd to ma ke my d rea m c ome true.（ 四 ）It is
38、 a plea sure for me to write this letter to tell how muc h Ienjoyed my sta y in your whole fa mily la st week. T his wa s my firstvisit to a English fa mily. At first, I wa s worried a bout my poorEnglish. And when I sa w your wife a nd c hild ren wa iting for me withwa rm smile of welc ome on their
39、 fa c es. I immed ia tely knew tha teverything would be a ll right. T here a re ma ny more ha ppy memories ofthe week tha t I will keep them with me forever. I pa rtic ula rlyenjoyed d riving through the c ountrysid e with you a nd sa w the c ha ngingc olors of the lea ves on the trees. I a lso like
40、 the fishing trip. Itwa s suc h muc h fun.（ 五 ）I still remember my mid d le sc hool life in T ia njin yet. I wa s thenin a sc hool for stud ents from T ibet. As we were a ll left home a tea rly a ge, we met lots of problems in our d a ily life. W e ha d to d othe wa shing, c lea ning a nd shopping b
41、y us. However, we seld om feltlonely or helplessly. W e enjoyed our ha ppy life. At weekend s, we wouldpla y ba sketba ll, swimming in the pool, or go for a pic nic . W e wereliving in a big fa mily. W e trea t ea c h other a s brothers a nd sisters.If a ny one of you ha d a ny d iffic ulty in our l
42、ife a nd stud y, the otherwould help him out. It ha s been five yea rs when we gra d ua ted , butthose memories a re a s sweet a s ever before.（ 六 ）During the summer of 2001, I sta rted rea d books in English,mostly stories. I would lea rn a lot of new word s from these books, butI ha d terribly pro
43、blems memorizing them. I ha d to look up to the sa meword ma ny times, for whic h wa s quite troublesome. I rea lized I d oneed a wa y to remember a ll this voc a bula ry. It wa s a grea ta c hievement for myself. I sta rted writing d own word s from books tha tI rea d . I would c ome ba c k from sc
44、 hool, a nd then sit for a n hour a ndtwo. I wrote d own new word s a nd a d d ed it to my c ollec tion. By the endof la st yea r, my c ollec tion ha s grown to 3, 000 word s.（ 七 ）T his is a story told by my fa ther: W hen I wa s boy, the mostexc iting thing wa s when to c elebra te the Spring Festi
45、va l. My gra nd mawa s the best c ooker in the world but c ould ma ke the most d elic iousd ishes. O ne time, I just c ould n, t wa it for the Spring Festiva ld inner. As I wa s a bout ta ke a piec e from a c ooked d uc k, I sa w G ra nd main the kitc hen looking a t me. Sha ke her hea d , she sa id
46、 , It isn, t agood time to d o tha t, d ea r. At onc e I a pologize a nd c ontrolled mea t my best till the d inner sta rted . Y ou know, tha t wa s a d inner weha d wa ited for severa l month. ”（ 八 ）T here a re a d va nta ge for stud ents to work while stud y a t sc hool.O ne of them wa s tha t the
47、y c a n ea rn money. For the most pa rt,stud entsworking to ea rn money for their own use. Ea rning their own moneya llow them to spend on a nything a s if they plea se. T hey would ha ve toa sk their pa rents for money or for permission to d o things by themoney. Some stud ents ma y a lso to sa ve
48、up for our c ollege or futureuse.（ 九 ）Dea r Mr. Brown ,I a m writing to tha nk you with your kind help. Before you c a meto tea c h us, I ha d not interest in English. My pronunc ia tion wa sterribly. I c ould only spea k a few word s. But one a nd a ha lf yea rla ter. I now think English fun to lea
49、 rn. I got a lot of from yourenc oura ging word s. I will a lwa ys remember wha t you sa id , u If you tryto , you c a n be N o. 1!” I hope you, ve ha d plea sa nt journey home a ndwill c ome to China a ga in sometimes in the future. I will write a ga ina nd send you the photos we ta ke together.Y o
50、urs sinc erely,Li Min(十)Dea r friend s,It is rea l a good c ha nc e to ha ve met a ll of you here. W e ha vespent severa l prec ious weekend in lea rning in the English Club.Although we ha ve been member for a short period of time, we ha ve ma d ea grea t progress. T ha t is bec a use we a re a ll v
51、ery muc h a c tive a nd thea c tivities a re not only enjoya ble a nd a lso helpful, Besid es, theforeign tea c hers here work ha rd a nd try his best to ma ke thea c tivities lively a nd interested . I a m very plea sed to sa y tha t a llof us grea tly improved our spoken English so fa r. I a m loo
52、kingforwa rd to see a ll of you a ga in in the nea r future!T ha nk you.专练答案( *)第一行：in改为o u t 第二行：ha d 后加n o t 第三行：ea sy前加a n；去掉for第四行：from改为of 第五行：opening改为opened ； a nswer改为a nswers第六行：but改为s o 第七行：d on t改为d id n t第八行：punish后加me（ 二）第一行：who s改为whose . 第二行：去but第三行：on改为in ；ta lk 后加 a bout第四行：wa s改为we
53、re； homeworks改为homework第五行：stopped 后加t o 第六行：find 改为found第七行：immed ia te改为immed ia tely第八行：去掉the（ 三）第一行:d rea m后加being/bec oming第二行:give改为giving； but改为a nd第三行：wa s改为a m ； there改为it 第四行：knowled ges改为knowled ge/lea rning第五行：lea rn改为tea c h第六行：him改为them； be后加a 第七行：去掉a s（ 四）第一行：me改为you 第二行：in改为with； a 改
54、为a n 第三行：But/Y et第四行：smile改为smiles第五行：去more第六行：去掉them第七行：sa w改为seeing第八行：like改为liked ； suc h改为so（ 五）第一行：去yet.第二行：去were； ea rly前加a n第三行：us改为ourselves 第四行；helpless 第五行：swimming改为swim第六行：trea t改为trea ted ； you改为us 第七行：other改为others； when改为sinc e（ 六）第一行：rea d 改为rea d ing,或前加to 第二行：terribly改为terrible .第三
55、行：去掉to；去掉f o r 第四行：d o改为di d第五行：myself改为me；books 前加 the第六行：a nd 改为or第七行：it改为them 第八行：ha s改为ha d（ 七）第一行：boy前加a .第二行：去掉when； c ooker改为c ook第三行：but改为a nd ； 第四行：wa it后加for； ta ke前加t o 第五行：Sha ke改为Sha king第六行：a pologize改为a pologized ； me改为myself 第八行：month改为months（ 八）第一行：a d va nta ge改为a d va nta ges； stu
56、d y改为stud ying 第二行：wa s改为is第三行：working改为w o r k 第四行：a llow改为a llows；去掉if第五行：would 后加n o t 第六行：by改为with；去掉t o 第七行：our改为their（ 九） 第一行：with改为for 第二行：not改为no； terribly改为terrible第三行：yea r改为yea rs； English后加i s 第四行：去掉of第五行：去掉to； plea sa nt前加a 第六行：sometimes改为sometime第七行：ta ke 改为 took（ 十） 第一行：rea l改为rea lly 第二行：weekend 改为weekend s第三行：member改为members；去掉第二个a第四行：去掉muc h第五行：a nd改为but； his改为their 第六行：interested改为interesting第七行：grea tly前加ha ve； see改为seeing
