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1、Section one EssaysUnit 1 OutlineUnit 1 OutlinevWriting Focus: learn to write an outline for an essayvPoints to Emphasize: write an outline according to the generally accepted formatUnit 1 Outline Why do we need to learn writing outline?vAn outline is essential for writing any paper, esp. for course
2、papers, term papers and thesis.vIt is the skeleton of an essay. So it can help the writer to organize his ideas.vIt can make others have an orderly overview of the essay. How to write an outline1. Two main types of outlinesSentence outline:vComplete sentencesvCorrect punctuationvMore detailed overvi
3、ewvEasier and faster to write the final essayTopic outline:vWords and phrasesvNo punctuationvBrief and clear overviewvEasier and faster to write the outlineUnit 1 OutlinevAn outline must start with thesis statement.Unit 1 Outline2. Analysis of two samplesvCompare the following two outlines for a pap
4、er on foreign trade.Thesis: Foreign trade is beneficial to and indispensable for all nations. . Introduction: the utilization of different economic resources and the development of different skills form the foundation of foreign trade . Trade in commodities (visible trade) is necessary between natio
5、ns. A. No nation has all the commodities it needs. B. A nation may not have enough of certain commodities. C. A nation may sell certain commodities at a profit. D. Latest innovations and different styles of commodities may make foreign trade necessary. Exchange of services between nations (invisible
6、 trade) is part of foreign trade. A. Nations compete in providing transportation for foreign trade. B. Prudent exporters purchase insurance for their cargoes. C. Tourism brings a nation huge profits. D. Technology is also exported and imported. . Conclusion: the purpose of foreign trade is to earn m
7、oney for necessary imports.Thesis: Foreign trade is beneficial to and indispensable for all nations. . Introduction: the foundation of foreign trade . The necessity of visible trade A. Lack of certain commodities B. Insufficiency of particular items C. Comparative advantage in certain items D. Lates
8、t innovations and different styles of commodities . The necessity of invisible trade-exchange of services between nations A. Transportation B. Insurance C. Tourism D. Technology . Conclusion: the purpose of foreign tradeUnit 1 Outline3. The following are a few rules for writing outlines:v1): Avoid s
9、ingle subdivisions. If there is a major point marked “”, there must be at least another marked “”; if there is an “A”, there must be a “B”, and so on.Unit 1 Outlinev2): Avoid mixing types. A topic outline is written in phrases, and a sentence outline in sentences. Do not mix these two types.Unit 1 O
10、utlinev3): Use parallel structures for the headings of the same rank. Make sure subheads of like rank are of equal importance and are related to the heading and arranged in logical order.Unit 1 Outlinev4): Make sure the thesis statement is a complete sentence in the affirmative; do not use a questio
11、n, a phrase or a dependent clause. Exercises: outline Exercises: outlineThesis:Thesis: Some twins are identical and others are not. Identical twins A. born together B. are of the same sex C. look exactly the same . Fraternal twins A. born together B. are not always of the same sex C. do not look exa
12、ctly the same. Further features about identical twins and fraternal twins A. Monzygotic twins 1. born from the same egg 2. have the same genetic characteristics B. Dizygotic twins 1. come from different eggs 2. have different genetic characteristics Peoples attitude to twins A. people in the past: a
13、fraid of twins B. scientists now: particularly interested in studying twinsUnit 1 OutlinevWrite an outline (sentence or topic) according to the title “Should Private Cars Be Encouraged?”vvSuggested outlineSuggested outlineThesis:Thesis: Private cars shouldnt be encouraged. Introduction: a sign of modernization Three reasons 1. the most populous country 2. air pollution and sound pollution 3. various kinds of trouble a: high maintenance fees b: petrol fees c: traffic accidents Conclusion: government policy
