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1、进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的故那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着“怎么这么热怎么这么热”，于是三五成群，聚在大树，于是三五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩
2、子们却在周下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到“强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇”。孩。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，“你看热的，跑什么？你看热的，跑什么？”此时这把蒲扇，此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲的味
3、道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的半个人
4、生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧道，袅长的时间隧道，袅定语从句讲解稿改定语从句定语从句什么是定语？什么是定语？an ugly boy修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词什么是定语从句什么是定语从句The boy who is ugly is my classmate.定语从句也称为形容词性从句，它在句子中修饰名词定语从句也称为形容词性从句，它在句子中修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用。或代词，起形容词的作用。 关系代词的作用：关系代词的作用：1.连接句子连接句子2.代替先行词（因此先行词不能再次出现在定语从句
5、中）代替先行词（因此先行词不能再次出现在定语从句中）3.在定语从句中充当作用。在定语从句中充当作用。4.分析关系代词分析关系代词1.充当成分；充当成分；2.能否用其它关系代词代替能否用其它关系代词代替3.能否可以省略能否可以省略5.1.Thisisthebookthathegaveme.6.2.Themanwhoisstandingovertherewantstoseeyou.7.3.WangFangisthegirlwhowasabsentfromyesterdaysmeeting.8.4.Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogether.9.5.Thisis
6、abookwhichdealswiththeFirstWorldWar.10.6.ThegirlwhoImetyesterdayisawell-knowndancer11.7.Thebicycleswhosepricesrangefrom100to400Yuansellwell.宾语，宾语，which，可以，可以主语，that， 不可以主语，that，不可以宾语，宾语，that，可以可以主语，主语，that,不可以不可以主语，whom ,不可以=thepricesofwhich=ofwhichtheprices whose指人指人指物指物主语主语宾语宾语that whichwhowhom关系代
7、词的用法关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以：关系代词在从句中可以：何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做做宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parents farm. 4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them. 5.I do
8、nt like the people. They smoke a lot. The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry. He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parents farm.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the peopl
9、e that / who they smoke a lot. The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who/that is smiling is Tom. ( (主语主语) ) These are the trees. They were planted last year.These are the trees that/which were planted last year.Putthetwosentencesintoone,usingtherelativeclauseMaryworksforacompany_.Thebookisabou
10、tagirl_.Whathappenedtothepictures_.Thepolicehavecaughtthemen _.which/thatmakesfurniturewhorunsawayfromhomethat/whichwereonthewallwhostolemycarsherunsawayfromhomethecompanymakesfurnitureThemenstolemycarthepictureswereonthewallActivity2Activity2Complete the sentences. Choose the best ending from Compl
11、ete the sentences. Choose the best ending from the box and change it into a relative clause.the box and change it into a relative clause.）whose 做定语做定语小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最好小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最好的学生。的学生。（ ）XiaoMingisthebeststudentinourclass.Hisfatherisanengineer.XiaoMingwhosefatherisanengineeristhebestst
12、udentinourclass.指人或物指人或物Thisisthebook.Itscoverisblue.ThisisthebookThisisthebook whosewhose coverisblue.coverisblue.Whosefather=thefatherofwhom=ofwhomtheparentWhosecover=thecoverofwhich=Ofwhichthecover关系代词关系代词: : 1. 先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中作主语 ，2. 先行词是人，关系词作先行词是人，关系词作宾语时，宾语时，用用who, that用用who
13、/whom/that4. 关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，表示引在定语从句中作定语时，表示引导词与名词为所属关系。导词与名词为所属关系。 Whose可以指人，也可指物，指物时可与可以指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。互换使用。This is the book This is the book whose cover is blue. cover is blue.This is the book This is the book of which the cover is blue the cover is blue. .3. 先行词是物，关系词在定语从句中作主先行词是
14、物，关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语语或宾语关系词用关系词用which/thatDo you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. 先行词前常有形容词先行词前常有形容词such , the same时，关系词用时，关系词用as，
15、构成，构成such-as (像像-之类之类)，the same -as (和和-同样的句型同样的句型例如：例如： Li Ming is not such a student as will cheat in the exam.I live in the same city as she lives in.介词介词+关系代词关系代词Sheisthegirl.Ialwaysshakehandswithher.改成一句改成一句_Theman_/_/_InoddedtoisMr.Li.Thisisthelibrary_/_youborrowbooksfrom?Sheisthegirlwho/whom/
16、thatIshakehandswithwhowhomthatthatwhich这时我们可以把介词提前：这时我们可以把介词提前：ThemantowhomInoddedisMr.Li.介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用whom（指人）（指人）which(指物指物)Themanwho/whom/thatInoddedtoisMr.Li.=ThemantowhomInoddedisMr.Li.Thisisthelibrarywhich/thatyouborrowbooksfrom.=Thisisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks.如何确定关系代词前的介词如何确定关系代词前
17、的介词1.1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系（根据句子意思），根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系（根据句子意思），请体会：请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsabout/ofwhichImnotsure.Besureof/aboutstheg.TherewasnoonetowhomIcouldturnforhelp.(turntosbforhelp向某人求助）向
18、某人求助）3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.如何确定关系代词前的介词如何确定关系代词前的介词4.4.要表示先行词的一部分时，可用要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词数词/ /代词代词 + of + + of + 关关系代词系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing. he was paid for cleaning
19、the windows, most of which hadnt been cleaned for years.考点三：介词考点三：介词+关系代词关系代词* “of+which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。分数词、数词等。e.g.1. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows,
20、 most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which DD介词前置介词前置注意：关系代词注意：关系代词which ,whom 在定语从句中在定语从句中做宾语时，定语从句中有介词时，定语从做宾语时，定语从句中有介词时，定语从句中的介词可以前置于关系词的前面，构句中的介词可以前置于关系词的前面，构成成:介词介词+which/whom 的结构。的结构。1）此时，）此时，which ,whom 虽然是充当宾语的虽然是充当宾语的成分，但是不能被省略。成分，但是不能被省略。2）有些动词词组
21、中的介词不能前置于）有些动词词组中的介词不能前置于which ,whom 前面。如：前面。如：look for, look after, take care of, look forward to .Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now? Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?Prac
22、tice: 用合适的介词填空. This is the table _ _ we often play pingpong.2. This is the room _ _ we lived last year.3. The person _ _ I talked just now is a teacher.4. The pencil _ _ he was writing just now broke.5. Which is the door _ _ you knocked ?6. This is the camera_ _ I took the picture.on whichin whichw
23、ith/to whomwith whichat whichwith which定语从句中的关系副词定语从句中的关系副词：when, where, whywhen, where, whyl关系副词关系副词when,where,why的用法以及与关的用法以及与关系代词的区分。系代词的区分。l关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时,才有可能才有可能用上关系副词用上关系副词。lDo you still remember the days when we stayed there together?lT
24、his is the place where we had a good time. Do you know the reason why he didnt come here?l关系副词关系副词when, wherewhen, where和关系代词和关系代词that, whichthat, which的区分：的区分：关系代词在句子中充当的是主语关系代词在句子中充当的是主语, ,宾语宾语( (或表语或表语) )的成分的成分, ,而而关系副词关系副词充当的是充当的是状语状语. .l所以我们要关注所以我们要关注: :一是定语从句是否完整一是定语从句是否完整, ,不完整要用不完整要用关系代词关系代词
25、, ,二是及物动词后缺少宾语的二是及物动词后缺少宾语的, ,也要用关系代也要用关系代词词. .请比较以下句子请比较以下句子：lThisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.lThisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.对比练习：对比练习：I like the village _ we visited last summer. I like the village _ we met last summer.Which/that; where2. Do you still remember the day_ we spent togethe
26、r? Do you still remember the day_ we first went to Beijing ?Which/that; when3. There must be a good reason _ he is often late. This is the reason _ he gave me.Why; which/that重点句型：重点句型：The reason why. is that他上次迟到的原因是因为他起床晚了他上次迟到的原因是因为他起床晚了The reason why he was late last time was that he got up late.
27、他被老板拒绝是因为他不会操作电脑他被老板拒绝是因为他不会操作电脑The reason why he was turned downed was that he couldnt operate the computer.lExercises:lFillintheblankswithappropriaterelativepronounsandadverbs.l1.Isthistheroom_youcleanedlasttime?l2.Isthistheroom_welivedbefore?l3.Thisisthegarden_theystayedforanight.l4.Thisisthegard
28、en_theyvisitedlasttime.l5.Tomhasforgottentheday_helefthishome.l7.Shestillrememberstheyear_shefoundherfirstjob.l8.Shestillrememberstheyear_shespentinJining.thatwherewherethatwhenwhenthat定语从句考点：定语从句考点：主谓一致主谓一致要点要点6I,whoyourgoodfriend,willsurelylendyouahandwhenyouareintrouble.A.isB.areC.amD.wasHeisoneo
29、fthestudentswhohavegotstraightAs.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasgotstraightAs.含有插入语的定语从句含有插入语的定语从句要点要点9JimisthenewcomerIbelievehasgreatpotential.A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which定语从句和同位语从句的区别定语从句和同位语从句的区别要点要点10Thenews(that)hetoldmeisreallyencouraging.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameisreallyencouraging.定语从句
30、定语从句同位语从句同位语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sisterMy sister, who is twenty, works in works in a bank.a bank.The man The man who came here yesterday has has come e again.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开
31、。写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。Notice:非限制性定语从句的特点非限制性定语从句的特点最大的区别：最大的区别： 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句有逗号有逗号 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句不用不用that，why 非限制性定语从句与主句关系不密切；非限制性定语从句与主句关系不密切；拿掉仍然清晰拿掉仍然清晰 任何关系代词或关系副词都不能省任何关系代词或关系副词都
32、不能省.(即即使是充当宾语使是充当宾语)什么时间只能用非限制性定语从句什么时间只能用非限制性定语从句?sun,earth,moon独一无二的独一无二的Welivedontheearth,whichmovesaroundthesun.father,mother,wife,husbandTomsfather,whoisadoctor,is50yearsold.专用名词；人名；地名专用名词；人名；地名HongKong,TheTianAnMenSquare指前面整个情况指前面整个情况Hepassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentshappy.在非限制性定语从句中限制性定语从句中,
33、 which 可以指代前面整个句子可以指代前面整个句子Eg. 1. I missed the class, which made my class teacher very angry. 2. He stole the money, which made his boss angry.Practice:1.The letter is from my sister, _is working in a factory.2.The boss dismissed the man , _had stolen his money.3.He is a kind man, _I always get help
34、 from.4. The house was replaced last week, _ roof was blown off.5. These are all the books, _are of great help to me.6. He was late this morning, _ made his teacher very angry.who whowhomwhosewhichwhich* As 和和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：引导非限制性定语从句的区别：1.Which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引导
35、从句，引导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。可放在句首、句中或句尾。2.Which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。3.而而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如正如.那样那样”，且已形成固，且已形成固定结构。定结构。4. 如：如：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected, as can be described Etc.5. eg. Einstein, as is known to all , is a famous scientist.6. As is reported, China has become an important country in the world.7. He didnt come to attend the meeting, as is expected.8. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.9. My son now goes to the school, which I used go to when I was a child.结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！41
