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1、CANADACanadaisacountryinNorthAmerica,extendingfromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewestandnorthwardintotheArcticOcean.Itistheworldssecondlargestcountrybytotalarea.CanadascommonborderwiththeUnitedStatestothesouthandnorthwestisthelongestintheworld.In1867,withtheunionofthreeBritishNorthAm
2、ericancoloniesthroughConfederation,Canadawasformedasafederaldominionoffourprovinces.ThisbegananaccretionofprovincesandterritoriesandaprocessofincreasingautonomyfromtheUnitedKingdom.ThiswideningautonomywashighlightedbytheStatuteofWestminsterof1931andculminatedintheCanadaActof1982,whichseveredthevesti
3、gesoflegaldependenceontheBritishparliament.Provinces and territoriesCanadaisafederationcomposedoftenprovincesandthreeterritories.Inturn,thesemaybegroupedintoregions:WesternCanada,CentralCanada,AtlanticCanada,andNorthernCanada(thelattermadeupofthethreeterritories:Yukon,NorthwestTerritories,andNunavut
4、).加拿大十省三地区分别为：阿尔伯塔省阿尔伯塔省（英语、法语：Alberta，成立年份：1905年）不列颠哥伦比亚省（英语：BritishColumbia，法语：Colombie-Britannique，加入年份：1858年）马尼托巴省（英语、法语：Manitoba，加入年份为1870年）纽芬兰与拉布拉多省纽芬兰与拉布拉多省（英语：NewfoundlandandLabrador，法语：Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador，加入年份：1949年）新不伦瑞克省新不伦瑞克省（英语：NewBrunswick，法语：Nouveau-Brunswick，加入年份：1867年）西北领地（英语：No
5、rthwestTerritories，法语：TerritoiresduNord-Ouest，加入年份：1870年）新斯科舍省新斯科舍省（英语：NovaScotia，法语：Nouvelle-cosse，加入年份：1867年）努纳武特地区努纳武特地区（英语、法语：Nunavut，于1999年从西北地区分割出来）安大略省安大略省（英语、法语：Ontario，加入年份：1867年）爱德华王子省（英语：PrinceEdwardIsland，法语：le-du-Prince-douard，加入年份：1873年）魁北克省（法语：Qubec，英语：Quebec，加入年份为1867年）萨斯喀彻温省萨斯喀彻温省（英
6、语、法语：Saskatchewan，成立年份：1905年）育空地区（英语、法语：Yukon，加入年份：1898年）Provinceshavemoreautonomythanterritories.(suchashealthcare,education,andwelfare)andtogethercollectmorerevenuethanthefederalgovernment,analmostuniquestructureamongfederationsintheworld.TemperaturesacrossCanadavaryaccordingtothelocation.Wintersc
7、anbeharshinmanyregionsofthecountry,particularlyintheinteriorandPrairieprovinces,whichexperienceacontinentalclimate.Innoncoastalregions,snowcancoverthegroundalmostsixmonthsoftheyear(moreinthenorth).CoastalBritishColumbiaenjoysatemperateclimate,withamildandrainywinter.PeopleAboriginalpeoplesinCanadain
8、cludetheFirstNationsInuit,andMtis.TheMtisacultureofmixedbloodoriginatedinthemid-17thcenturywhenFirstNationandInuitmarriedEuropeansettlers.TheInuithadmorelimitedinteractionwithEuropeansettlersduringtheearlyperiods.ThelandthatisnowCanadawasinhabitedformillenniabyvariousgroupsofAboriginalpeoples.Beginn
9、inginthelate15thcentury,BritishandFrenchexpeditionsexplored,andlatersettled,alongtheAtlanticcoast.FrancecedednearlyallofitscoloniesinNorthAmericain1763aftertheSevenYearsWar.Government and politicsCanadahasstrongdemocratictraditionsupheldthroughaparliamentarygovernmentwithintheconstructofconstitution
10、almonarchy,themonarchyofCanadabeingthefoundationoftheexecutive,legislative,andjudicialbranchesanditsauthoritystemmingfromtheCanadianpopulace.ThesovereignisQueenElizabethII,whoalsoservesasheadofstateof15otherCommonwealthcountriesandresidespredominantlyintheUnitedKingdom.Assuch,theQueensrepresentative
11、,theGovernorGeneralofCanada,carriesoutmostoftheroyaldutiesinCanada.Thedirectparticipationoftheroyalandvice-royalfiguresinanyoftheseareasofgovernanceislimited,though;inpractice,theiruseoftheexecutivepowersisdirectedbytheCabinet,acommitteeofministersoftheCrownresponsibletotheelectedHouseofCommonsandhe
12、adedbythePrimeMinisterofCanada,theheadofgovernment.Toensurethestabilityofgovernment,thegovernorgeneralwillusuallyappointasprimeministerthepersonwhoisthecurrentleaderofthepoliticalpartythatcanobtaintheconfidenceofapluralityintheHouseofCommonsandtheprimeministerchoosestheCabinet.PartyEachMemberofParli
13、amentintheHouseofCommonsiselectedbysimplemajorityinanelectoraldistrictorriding.Generalelectionsmustbecalledbythegovernorgeneral,ontheadviceoftheprimeminister,withinfouryearsofthepreviouselection,ormaybetriggeredbythegovernmentlosingaconfidencevoteintheHouseMembersoftheSenate,whoseseatsareapportioned
14、onaregionalbasis,serveuntilage75.ForeignrelationsCanadaneverthelesshasanindependentforeignpolicy,mostnotablymaintainingfullrelationswithCubaanddecliningtoofficiallyparticipateintheIraqWar.CanadaalsomaintainshistorictiestotheUnitedKingdomandFranceandtootherformerBritishandFrenchcoloniesthroughCanadas
15、membershipintheCommonwealthofNationsandtheFrancophone.EconomyCanadaisoneoftheworldswealthiestnations,withahighper-capitaincome.Itisoneoftheworldstoptentradingnations.LikeotherFirstWorldnations,theCanadianeconomyisdominatedbytheserviceindustry,whichemploysaboutthreequartersofCanadians.Canadaisunusual
16、amongdevelopedcountriesintheimportanceofitsprimarysector,inwhichtheloggingandpetroleumindustriesaretwoofthemostimportant.EconomicintegrationwiththeUnitedStateshasincreasedsignificantlysinceWorldWarII.NAFTA( North American Free Trade Agreement) Initialing Ceremony, October 1992Canadasofficialnational
17、sportsarehockeyinthewinterandlacrosseinthesummer.Hockeyisanationalpastimeandthemostpopularspectatorsportinthecountry.OttawaOttawaisthecapitalofCanada.thecityliesonthesouthernbanksoftheOttawaRiver,amajorwaterwayformingthelocalboundarybetweentheprovincesofOntarioandQuebec.TorontoTorontoisthelargestcit
18、yinCanadaandtheprovincialcapitalofOntario.ItislocatedinSouthernOntarioonthenorthwesternshoreofLakeOntario.Withover2.5millionresidents,itisthefifthmostpopulousmunicipalityinNorthAmerica.NiagaraFallsOverviewofCanada Official Name: CanadaCapital:OttawaType of government:aconstitutionalmonarchywithparli
19、amentarydemocracy,aswellasbeingafederation. Area:9,976,162sqkmOfficial Language:EnglishandFrenchPopulation:over31million People: 84.6% are White people, 1.6% are Black, 0.4% are Hispanic, 6.9% are Asian, and 6.5% are other native peoples. Religion: Christianity 77%, None 16.2%, Islam 2.0%, Judaism 1
20、.1%, Hinduism 1.0%, Buddhism 1.0%, Sikhism 0.9% (2001) Major Rivers: Mackenzie, Yukon, Nelson, SaskatchewanNational flower: Canada has no national flower. There are only national flowers for each province. Flag&CoatofArmsWhite:peaceandhonestyRed:hardiness,bravery&strengthThe11-pointedmapleleafinthemiddledoesnotrepresentanythingQuestions:1.Who came first and settled Canada?2.Which country is the largest country in North America?3.Which two cities are home to the largest Chinese communities in North America?
