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1、 银行保函 银行保函保函业务与风险管理美国银行保函业务BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函保函分类见索即付保函结构直接保函与间接保函主要类型风险管理BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函保函分类银行保函SuretyGuaranteeConfirmed PaymentOrderStandby L/CSimple SuretyJoint SuretySyndicationParticipationBankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函SuretyGuarantee从属性从属性保证债务成立独立性独立性范围和强度保证债务转移消灭与变更抽象性无条件性第一性BankofAm
2、erica银行保函课件 银行保函见索即付保函结构Introduction: PreambleMain section: Guarantee clauseDuration: Expiry clause Additional clauseLaw and jurisdictionBankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函Main section: Guarantee clauseDesignation of guarantor and beneficiary Currency and amount of guarantee Currency and amount of guarantee 见索
3、即付保函结构BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函见索即付保函结构Additional clauseReduction clause Identification clause Effective clause BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函见索即付保函结构Law and jurisdictionGeneral rule Exception BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函主要类型Tender GuaranteeAdvance Payment GuaranteePerformance GuaranteeQuality/Maintenance Guar
4、anteePayment GuaranteeLoan GuaranteeLetter of Indemnity for missing B/LStandby Letter of CreditBuilders GuaranteeBankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函Tender GuaranteePurpose To secure any claims by the party calling for tenders on the bidder in the event of withdrawal of the bid before its expiry date or if the
5、bid is modified unilaterally or if the bidder, upon being awarded the contract, refuses to sign the contract or provide further guarantees on request. Amount Stipulated in the terms of the call for tender, usually 2-5% of the value of the bid. Duration Usually short term. Special features The party
6、calling for tenders often needs more time to evaluate the tendersthan originally estimated. In general the bidders are then asked to extend the duration of their guarantees. The risks inherent in such an extension, e.g.: changes in the market, changes in price structures, inflation, additional costs
7、, etc., should not be underestimated. Tender guarantee often entails addi-tional obligations, e.g.: advance payment guarantee, performance guarantee. BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函Advance Payment GuaranteePurpose To secure any claims by the buyer on the seller for reimbursement of the buyers advance payme
8、nt on thecontract price before delivery of the goods (or advance payment of the full contract price) in the event that the seller has failed to meet his or her contractual delivery obligations either partly or in full. Amount The amount of the installment or advance payment,usually 10-15% of the con
9、tract price. Duration Up to delivery of the goods plus e.g. 15 daysSpecial features 1. The advance payment should be paid to the designated account held by the issuing bank. 2. Reduction clause, for example: If a letter of credit was opened and notified in connection with the underlying transaction,
10、 there is the option to include the following clause in the guarantee, in cases where the shipping documents have been submitted to. “Our guarantee shall be automatically reduced by% of the invoice value of each delivery by . Evidence of delivery is deemed to have been provided oncehas submitted the
11、 conforming Documents to the bankunder documentary credit No. ”. BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函Performance GuaranteePurpose To secure any claims by the buyer on the seller arising from default in delivery or performance of the terms of the contract ( e.g. construction, assembly, execution). Amount Stipula
12、ted in the contract. Frequently 5-20% ofthe value of the contract. Duration Until the contract has been fulfilled. Special features Due to long duration there should be Expiry Event and Expiry Date In international business, “pay or extend” claims are relatively frequently made with the object of ex
13、tending the validity of the guarantees. BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函Payment GuaranteePurpose This type of guarantee is often used instead of letters of credit in export-import business. Used for supply of goods on an open-account basis. Amount Contract price or part thereof.Duration Payment date plus e.
14、g. 15 daysSpecial features abstract guarantee payable upon first demand presentation of documents, such as: copy of invoice, copy of transport documents, etc. BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函Loan GuaranteePurpose Amount Amount of the credit. Usually includesa margin to cover accrued interest and incidental
15、expenses. Duration Expiry date of loan contract plus e.g. 15 daysSpecial features abstract guarantee payable upon first demand clause for foreign exchange rate To secure any claims by the lender on the borrower due to acredit ( loan, etc. ) not being repaid in accordance with the terms of the contra
16、ct. BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函Letter of Indemnity for missing B/LPurpose To secure any claims by the shipping line/shipping company on: the buyer as a result of release of goods arriving from overseas without the original B/L being presented ( e.g. due to delays in transit or even loss ), the supplier
17、 due to issue of a replacement bill of lading ( original misplaced or lost ). Amount Duration Value of the goods plus cost margin ( at the discretion of the shipping line ). Usually 150%to 200% of the value of the goods. 1-2 years, but in practice frequently unlimited or until the original bill of l
18、ading or beneficiarys written statement of release has been presented.Special features In practice, the wording of the guarantee is frequently stipulated by the ship-owner and must be sent directlyby the debtor, with a counter-guarantee from the bank, to the shipping line. The bank gives its counter
19、- guarantee by adding the following clause: “We, hereby irrevocably guarantee all payment commitmentsmade in the above letter of indemnity up to the aggregate amount of under our reference No. ”. BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函Purpose Amount Duration Special features Standby Letter of CreditTo secure any c
20、laims by the obligee on the obligor due to non-contractual delivery or performance or payment by the agreed date or credit repayment on due date. 5-20% of the value of the contract, the amountof the contract price or part thereof, or the amount of the loan. Contingent upon the purpose of the guarant
21、ee Standby L/C could be governed by UCP600, or ISP98. Unlike guarantees, Standby L/C could be confirmed, always under the provisothat the terms of the Standby L/C provide for this. BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函直接保函与间接保函Direct GuaranteeIndirect Guarantee Country risk Bank risk Legal provisions or other re
22、quirementsBankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函直接保函与间接保函Principal Beneficiary Principals bank Direct GuaranteeAdvising bank 1. Underlying transaction2. Order 3. Guarantee4. Advice order 5. Guarantee adviceBankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函直接保函与间接保函Principal Beneficiary Principals bank Indirect GuaranteeGuaranteeing bank 1
23、. Underlying transaction2. Order 3. Order and counter-guarantee 4. Guarantee BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理信用风险操作风险法律风险BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理信用风险国家信用银行信用商业信用BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理操作风险基本原则 确定见索即付保函/从属性保函 根据保函性质选词造句 善意清晰与单据化 BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理操作风险条款选择与控制 1. 保函出具与保函生效 从时间上区分出具日期和生效日
24、期 生效条款事件化或单据化 BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理操作风险条款选择与控制 2. 保函转让权益转让 新受益人与不可抗辩性 自由转让与部分转让 款项让渡 受益人没有发生变化 可能的抗辩 款项受让人地位并不优于受益人 BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理操作风险条款选择与控制 3. 保函减额 减额条款安排 减额条款必须在保函中规定 必须提供担保人可以衡量的一种方式 以单据或日期作为判别的一种标准 BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理操作风险条款选择与控制 4. 保函索赔条款 索赔声明 索赔单据 索赔地点BankofAmeric
25、a银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理操作风险条款选择与控制 5. 审核索赔要求标准 合理谨慎 表面严格相符 纯单据化 合理时间BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理操作风险条款选择与控制 6. 或展期或付款在收到与保函条款一致的或展期或付款要求时: 如担保人不通知申请人而决定付款,则丧失求偿权; 如申请人要求展期,担保人可以决定展期或付款. 在这两种情况下,担保人都不丧失求偿权; 如申请人要求担保人既不付款也不展期,担保人对保函展期则丧失求偿权. 但是担保人若无欺诈证据, 必须付款.BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理操作风险条款选择与控制 7. 保函终止条款
26、 保函自动终止情形 失效日与非工作日失效 失效日与失效事件BankofAmerica银行保函课件 银行保函风险管理操作风险条款选择与控制 8. 保函终止条款 URDG与适用法律 URDG与司法管辖 BankofAmerica银行保函课件出口商出口商A进口商进口商议付行议付行开证行开证行4、缺少、缺少3/3 B/L单据单据2、出具提货担保、出具提货担保5、开证行付款、开证行付款 提货担保提货担保（Shipping Guarantee)3、提货、提货1、装船发货、装船发货托收行托收行A出口商出口商B6、3/3 B/L7、邮寄单据、邮寄单据8、通知但无法联络通知但无法联络Case StudyBankofAmerica银行保函课件
