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1、形容词及副词形容词及副词用以修饰名词，表示事物的用以修饰名词，表示事物的特征特征的词。的词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.在句中作在句中作定语定语、表语表语、宾语宾语补足语补足语等成分等成分e.g.Heisagoodstudent.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.当形容词修饰由当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后不定代词的之后.e.g.Isthereanythinginterestingintodaysnewspaper?The
2、treesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词你能说出几个？你能说出几个？aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable形容词和宾语一起构成形容词和宾语一起构成复合复合宾语宾语e.g.Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.Hemadeushappy.Colouritgreen.词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比比 较较级级最最 高高级级单单音音节节词词在在词词尾尾加加-er(-er(比比较较级级) )或或- -est(est(最最高高级级) )以以字字母母e
3、e接接尾尾的的词词加加-r-r或或-st-sttall tall hard hard large widelarge wide以以重重读读闭闭音音节节结结尾尾的的词词末末尾尾只只有有一一个个辅辅音音字字母母应应双双写写辅辅音音字字母母再再加加erer或或estestbig big hot hot thin thin fat fat wet wet 以以辅辅音音字字母母+y+y结结尾尾的的词词变变为为i i再再加加- -er,er,或或-est-esthappy happy dry dry earlyearly narrow narrow clever clever 多多音音节节词词和和多多数数
4、双双音音节节词词在在其其前前面面加加more more 和和most most difficult difficult popular popular slowlyslowlytallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlym
5、ostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节结尾的双音节词可加词可加-er或或-est原级原级goodgoodwellwellbadbadillillmanymanymuchmuchlittlelittlefarfaroldold比较级比较级最高级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldestTomisastallasMike.as+形容词原形形容词原形+asThereareasmanyst
6、udentsinourschoolasyours.TomisthreetimesasoldasMike. 否定否定 not as+形容词原形形容词原形+as “和和 不一样不一样” 或或 not so+形容词原形形容词原形+as “不及不如不及不如 TomisnotastallasMike.TomisnotsotallasMike. 比较级比较级+than Thisbridgeislongerthanthatone.Ourschoolislargerthantheirs.表示两者之间的选择，可使用表示两者之间的选择，可使用“Whichis+比较级，比较级，or?”表示不及另一方时，使用表示不及
7、另一方时，使用“less+原级原级+than”Whichislonger,thisoneorthat?Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone.Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.so+形容词原级形容词原级+that丛句丛句Heissobigthathecantentertheroombythedoor.too+原级原级+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.形容词原级形容词原级+enoughtodosth.“The+比较级比较级，the+比较级比较级”“比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级”Thesmall
8、erthehouseis,thelessitwillcostustheheat.Inspring,thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.one of the+最高级最高级+名词复数名词复数最高级+of(in)Thisis/wasthe最高级最高级+名词名词+that定语从句定语从句LuXunisoneofthegreatestwriterslastcentury.ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhangZiyiisthebest.B. B. 形容词的构成形容词的构
9、成 1.名词名词+ y变为形容词变为形容词 n + y: rainy, sunny foggy stormy, windy, snowy, frosty, cloudy, lucky, healthy, sleepy, noisy, guilty 2.名词名词+ ly变为形容词变为形容词n + ly: lovely, friendly, lonely, lively weekly, daily 3.名词名词+ 其它后缀其它后缀变为形容词：变为形容词：n+ ful: careful, beautifuln+ less: careless, uselessn+ ous: dangerous 1.H
10、e looked _ because he didnt pass the exam. (happy) 2.It is _ to shout at the old people. (polite)unhappyimpoliteCan you change the flowing words into opposites?+: possible _ patient_+: correct_ active_+: necessary_ friendly_+: honest_ +: regular_ impossibleimpatientincorrectinactiveunnecessaryunfrie
11、ndlydishonestirregulariminundisirWe can add prefixes to some adjectives to form opposites.某些形容词可以加上特定的前缀变成相应的反义词某些形容词可以加上特定的前缀变成相应的反义词用来修饰动词、形容词、用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或其它副词、全句或 名词词组及句子的词。名词词组及句子的词。e.g. very,early,out,soon,quickly,etc.Scientistsareworriedthatsomethingintheairmayleadtovariousdiseasesinclu
12、dinglungcancer.Shi Yuankai, one of the famous doctors in Shanghai,saidlongtimestayintheharmfulairtheairwithsomething smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) whichgoestothelungs,isamajorhealththreat.reallyTry to find out all the adverbs!especiallydirectlyAirqualityinthecapitalisbadbecauseoftheheavyfog.B
13、eijingsairwaswidelypollutedonMonday,accordingtotheChinaNationalEnvironmentalControllingCenter.In Beijing, the lung cancer rate has increased fast duringthepastfewyears.Increasingairpollutionmightbeblamed(v.把 归 咎 于 ) for the use of cars.Worsely,protectivewayslikewearingfacemaskshelpbecausethedustissm
14、all.Try to find out all the adverbs!veryhardlytoo1.1.修饰修饰动词动词2.2.修饰修饰形容词形容词3.3.修饰修饰副词副词4.4.修饰修饰整句整句goes directly toare really worriedhas increased quite fastWorse, protective ways like wearing face masks hardly help1.Shi Yuankai, one of the famous doctors in Shanghai, saidlongtimestayintheharmfulair
15、especiallytheairwithsomethingsmallerthan2.5micrometers(PM2.5)whichgoesdirectlytothelungs,isamajorhealththreat.2.Beijings air was widely polluted on Monday, according to theChinaNationalEnvironmentalControllingCenter.3.Worse, protective ways like wearing face masks hardly helpbecausethedustistoosmall
16、.When do we use adverbs ?1. 修饰动词修饰动词1.InBeijing,thelungcancerratehasincreasedquitefastduringthepastfewyears.When do we use adverbs ?3.修饰副词修饰副词1.Scientists are really worried that something in the air mayleadtovariousdiseasesincludinglungcancer.2.Airqualityinthecapitalisverybadbecauseoftheheavyfog.3.
17、Worse,protectivewayslikewearingfacemaskshardlyhelpbecausethedustistoosmall.When do we use adverbs ?2.修饰在形容词修饰在形容词1.Shi Yuankai, one of the famous doctors in Shanghai, saidlongtime stay in the harmful air especially the air withsomethingsmallerthan2.5micrometers(PM2.5)whichgoesdirectlytothelungs,isam
18、ajorhealththreat.2.Worse,protectivewayslikewearingfacemaskshardlyhelpbecausethedustistoosmall.When do we use adverbs ?4.修饰整句修饰整句3.We can take a walk, for the wind blows _ in March than in February. (gentle) 4.Of all the pollution fighters, trees protect our environment _ (good). So we should plant m
19、ore trees. 1._, we can save more electricity during Earth Hour. (actual)Actuallycarefullymore gentlybestWhat can we do to save the earth?sort v. 分类2.We can sort the rubbish as _ as our classmates.(careful)1. 频率副词频率副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never I usually watch TV.2. 程度副词程度副词 ver
20、y, quite ,so, such ,really ,rather, too , enough Its very/so hot today.3. 方式副词方式副词(-ly) My father shouted at me angrily.4. 疑问副词疑问副词 how long, how far, how often, how soon, how much -How long have you been away from your hometown? -Since 5 years ago.D. D. 副词的分类副词的分类1. 在大多数的形容词后加在大多数的形容词后加-ly sweetly,
21、 beautifully, loudly 2. happily, angrily, noisily3. 4.以以le结尾的，去结尾的，去e+yE. E. 方式副词的构成方式副词的构成 以以e结尾结尾,+ ly, nicely，politely，safely（true- truly）辅音字母加辅音字母加-y结尾，变结尾，变y为为i再加再加-ly terrible-terribly, possibly, comfortably 1. 1. 许多形容词加许多形容词加-ly-ly可以构成副词，但有些以可以构成副词，但有些以-ly-ly结尾的结尾的词不是副词，而是形容词。词不是副词，而是形容词。如：如：
22、friendly, lonely, lovely, lively, likely, daily2. 2. 有些形容词和副词同形：有些形容词和副词同形：如如：early，late， fast，high，hard，straight（请注意（请注意hardly的意思及用法）的意思及用法）易错点：易错点：1. much, still, a bit, even, far, a lotmuch, still, a bit, even, far, a lot等常用来修饰等常用来修饰等常用来修饰等常用来修饰比较级比较级比较级比较级 * *She isShe is muchmuch taller taller
23、than Mrs. Liu. than Mrs. Liu. * *This problem isThis problem is a littlea little more difficultmore difficult than the other than the other one.one.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的注意点：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的注意点： 2. 在比较级中为了避免重复，在在比较级中为了避免重复，在在比较级中为了避免重复，在在比较级中为了避免重复，在thethe后常用后常用后常用后常用oneone，thatthat, ,thosethose等词来替代前面提到过的名
24、词等词来替代前面提到过的名词等词来替代前面提到过的名词等词来替代前面提到过的名词 Marys hair is the same color as her mothers. * *The weather here is warmer thanThe weather here is warmer than thatthat of Shanghaiof Shanghai * *This pen is shorter than thatThis pen is shorter than that oneone. .副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基
25、本相同词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g.形容记的最高级前要用定冠词形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowlymostslowly1.Thebreadis_thanthesecakesA.verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious2.LinTaojumpe
26、d_inthelongjumpintheschoolsportsmeetingA.farB.fartherC.farthestD.quitefar3.Whentheymetinthehotel.Theytalkedandlaughed_A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.happiestCCA4.Inourcityits_inJuly,butitiseven_inAugustA.hotterhottestB.hothotC.hotterhotD.hothotter5.HainanisaverylargeIsland.Itisthesecond_islandinchina.A.
27、largeB.largerC.largestD.mostlargest6.Anelephantis_thanatiger.A.heavyB.veryheavyC.theheaviestD.heavierDCD 7. A horse is _ than a dog . A. much heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy 8. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless 9. Which su
28、bject is _ , physics or chemistry ? A. interesting B. most interesting C. more interesting D. the most interesting CDC10. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box . A. strong B. stronger C. much stronger D. the strongest 11. Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy . A. less more B. few much C. more little D. little many 12. When the famous singer started to sing , everyone began to shout very _ . A. loudly B. loud C. heavily D. high AAA
