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1、Definitions of a TouristPopular:FA Tourist is a person who makes a tour, traveler, especially for recreation.(Oxford Concise Dictionary)Definitions of a Tourist Behavioural:FA tourist is a person traveling from their home region for a temporary period of at least one night and involves a search for
2、leisure experiences for interaction with the environment and/or cultural characteristics of the places and people they choose to visit (Leiper, 1979, P. 10).Definitions of a TouristFTechnical:FA (domestic) tourist is a person who has traveled away from their normal residence to visit some other plac
3、e(s) at least forty kilometers distant, within their home country, for a period of at least one night and not more than three months. (Leiper:11)Attributes of a TouristF1. Away from Home Region, Home region is usually more psychological and cultural than geographicF2. Duration, usually considered sp
4、ending more than one night away from the home region. Twenty-four hours is also a common minimum. F3. Spare Time Behaviour, Tourists are usually persons who are using leisure time. F4. Person Environment Interaction, involves a relationship between the visitor and the environment. In almost all case
5、s the visitor desires some sort of contact with the new area. Domestic TouristFA (domestic) tourist is a person who has travelled away from their normal residence to visit some other places) at least forty kilometers distant, within their home country, for a period of at least one night and not more
6、 than three months. (Leiper p 11). International Tourist International Tourist: temporary visitors staying at least twenty-four hours in a country other than their own and whose purpose of journey can be classified under one of the following headings:a) leisure (recreation, holiday, health, study, r
7、eligion, and sport)b) business (family, mission, meeting, conference etc.)ExcursionistFExcursionist: temporary visitors staying less than twenty four hours in the country visited, including passengers on cruise ships. (Leiper, pp. 12). Usually thought of as a leisure visitor but needing further clar
8、ification. Inbound and OutboundFOutbound tourist and tourism industry refers to those people and that part of the tourism industry that deals with people leaving a country or region of origin.FInbound tourist and tourism industry refers to those people and that part of the industry that deals with p
9、eople entering a country or region that is not their country of residence. FWhat does the acronym WTO stand for?World Tourism OrganisationFThe World Tourism Organization (WTO) now is the United Nation World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). It is the leading international organization in the field of tr
10、avel and tourism.FIt serves as a global forum for tourism policy issues and a practical source of tourism know-how.(http:/www.world-tourism.org/index.htm)UNWTO plays a central and decisive role in promoting the development of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism, paying partic
11、ular attention to the interests of developing countries.The Organization encourages the implementation of the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism, with a view to ensuring that member countries, tourist destinations and businesses maximize the positive economic, social and cultural effects of tourism a
12、nd fully reap its benefits, while minimizing its negative social and environmental impacts.http:/www.unwto.org/aboutwto/index.phpFIts membership includes 160 (please update the new figure) countries and territories and more than 350 (please update the new figure) Affiliate Members representing the p
13、rivate sector, educational institutions, tourism associations and local tourism authorities.FDirect actions that strengthen and support the efforts of National Tourism Administrations are carried out by UNWTOs regional representatives (Africa, the Americas, East Asia and the Pacific, Europe, the Mid
14、dle East and South Asia) based at the Headquarters in Madrid.FUNWTO is committed to the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, geared toward reducing poverty and fostering sustainable development. http:/www.unwto.org/aboutwto/index.phpPacific Asian Travel AssociationFPATAs mission is to enhanc
15、e the growth, value and quality of Pacific Asia travel and tourism for the benefit of its membershipPATA has long been an advocate of balancing growth with responsible conservation measures (http:/www.pata.org/home.cfm)Pacific Asian Travel AssociationFFounded 1951 making it the oldest international
16、tourism organistionF2300 + members including NTOs other NGOs and businessesF(Above data needs to be updated, please go to find out)FWTTC is what might be called the second of the “Big Three” NGOs in international tourism.FWTTC is the global business leaders forum for Travel & Tourism. FIts Members a
17、re CEOs from all sectors of industry, including accommodation, catering, entertainment, recreation, transportation and other travel-related services. FThis organization has a rather green tinge as expressed in the preamble to its policy framework and its strategic priorities:http:/www.wttc.org/The W
18、orld Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)FEnvision the future for Travel & Tourism and make it Everybodys Future.F2. Measure and communicate Travel & Tourisms strategic and sustainable economic contribution.F3. Promote the positive image of Travel & Tourism as
19、 a provider of jobs and career opportunities.F4. Encourage free access, open markets and open skies, and the removal of barriers to growth.The World Travel and Tourism CouncilFMatch infrastructure and customer demand.FDevelop access to capital resources and technological advancement.FPromote respons
20、ibility in natural, social and cultural environments. (http:/www.wttc.org/stratdev/default.asp)FThe big three (UNWTO, WTTC and PATA,) provide research material so governments and larger businesses can plan strategically. FThey also offer some protection to the people in the tourism destinations and
21、the environment. From major reports to codes of ethics they have a good side. FYet they can also be criticized. They are made up largely of governments and major players, small operators and special interest groups are excluded by cost and the fact that they do not see much of what is being done by these organizations being relevant to the “local” conditions. FI would suggest if you were to ask local tourism businesses how many have heard of these three organisations only a very small percentage would have heard of them.
