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1、专题五非谓语动词专题五非谓语动词-2-基础考法能力考法考法1考查非谓语动词做宾语、宾语补足语、主语和表语的用法1.不定式、动词-ing形式做宾语高考对非谓语动词做宾语的考查主要体现在:一些动词(如:decide)后接不定式做宾语的用法;动词-ing形式做介词的宾语及一些动词(如:imagine)后接动词-ing形式做宾语的用法。此外,部分动词,如:forget等后接动词-ing形式及不定式的区别也是考查的重点。-3-基础考法能力考法【典型例题1】(2017全国卷)Fast food is full of fat and salt;by (eat) more fast food people w
2、ill get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析:考查动词-ing形式。设空处做介词by的宾语,要用动词-ing形式。故填eating。考法总结空格前有介词by,提示词为eat,由此可知此处应用动词-ing形式做宾语。-4-基础考法能力考法【典型例题2】(2015全国卷)In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (us
3、e) electric equipment.解析:句意:除了朴素之美外,令人赞叹的是这些土坯房具有不使用电气设备就能自动进行空气调节的能力。介词without后面用名词或动词-ing形式做宾语。故填using。考法总结空格前有介词without,提示词为use,由此可知此处应用动词-ing形式做宾语。-5-基础考法能力考法【典型例题3】We have to prevent the air from (be) polluted.解析:句意:我们必须阻止空气污染。介词后面用名词或动词-ing形式做宾语。故填being。考法总结空格前有介词about,提示词为动词be,便可判断只能用动词-ing形式
4、做宾语。-6-基础考法能力考法【典型例题4】I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.解析:句意:我听到在我后面有个乘客朝司机喊,但他拒绝停车,直到我们到了下一站。refuse后接动词不定式做宾语,意为“拒绝做某事”。故填to stop。考法总结首先根据括号内的提示词为动词判断是用谓语动词形式还是非谓语动词形式;进一步分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词refused,因此设空处应填非谓语动词形式;再考虑refuse后常接动词不
5、定式做宾语,便可得出答案。-7-基础考法能力考法2.非谓语动词做主语(1)不定式做主语,通常表示某一次具体的动作;动词-ing形式做主语通常表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念。(2)考查以it做形式主语,动词不定式或动词-ing形式做真正主语的用法。-8-基础考法能力考法【典型例题5】(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.解析:句意:忽视这两项研究结果之间的差异将是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语部分是will b
6、e,one of the worst mistakes是表语,you make是省略关系代词的定语从句,修饰mistakes。很显然,“the difference between the two research findings”是主语部分,结合语境可知设空处用动词-ing形式做主语。故答案为Ignoring。考法总结对于长句,应分析其句子成分。先找到句中的谓语部分,即will be,可知其前全部为句子主语,需用动词-ing形式做主语。-9-基础考法能力考法【典型例题6】But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few mont
7、hs.It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析:句意:但是这条河并非是在几日之内甚至是几个月之内改变的。减少工业污染和净化河水花费了多年的努力。It takes/took(sb) some time to do sth.为固定句型,意为“做某事花费(某人)多长时间”。故填to reduce。该句型中,it做形式主语,动词不定式做真正的主语。考法总结首先根据括号内的提示词为动词判断是用谓语动词形式还是非谓语动词形式;进一步分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词took,且有it做形式主
8、语,便考虑此处为固定句型:It took(sb) some time to do sth.。-10-基础考法能力考法3.非谓语动词做宾语补足语(1)不定式做宾语补足语表示在谓语动词后发生的动作。(2)在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后,若接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语,表示动作已完成;若接动词-ing形式,表示动作正在进行;过去分词做宾语补足语表示被动、已完成。此外,在with复合结构中,非谓语动词做宾语补足语的用法也是高考的常考点之一。-11-基础考法能力考法【典型例题7】The manager was satisfied to see many new pr
9、oducts (develop) after great effort.解析:句意:经过一番努力之后,看到许多新产品被开发出来,经理感到很满意。此处为see sth done结构,动词develop与宾语many new products之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词做宾语补足语表示被动、完成。故答案为developed。考法总结提示词为动词,且句中已有谓语was satisfied to see,便会考虑此处为“动词(see/hear/feel/watch/notice等)+名词或代词+宾语补足语”结构;再根据所给的动词和其逻辑主语的关系确定答案。-12-基础考法能力考法【典型例题8】
10、The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog followed them.(改错题)解析:句意:这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园里散步,他们的宠物狗跟在后面。with their pet dog.为with的复合结构,follow与其逻辑主语dog之间为主动关系,即dog 是follow动作的执行者,应该用动词-ing形式做宾语补足语。故把followed改为following。考法总结分析句子成分可知,句末是一个with的复合结构,再考虑做宾语补足语的动词follow与其逻辑主语的关系为主动
11、关系便可看出错误所在。-13-基础考法能力考法4.非谓语动词做表语高考对非谓语动词做表语的考查主要有:不定式做表语的用法(表示预计要发生的动作)、动词-ing形式做表语的用法(说明主语的特征,意为“令人的”)和过去分词做表语的用法(说明主语的状态,意为“感到的”)。【典型例题9】We got a little (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.解析:本题考查“get+过去分词”表示状态。got在该题中为连系动词,且sunburn与we之间为动宾关系,故应用过去分词做表语。因此答案为sunburned或su
12、nburnt。考法总结给出的提示词为动词,并且句中也有了谓语动词got,考虑设空处应用非谓语动词形式;再分析sunburn与其逻辑主语we之间的关系可判断应用过去分词。-14-基础考法能力考法考法2考查非谓语动词做状语的用法高考对非谓语动词做状语的主要考查点有:动词-ing形式做状语,表示主动和进行,或表示自然而然的结果;过去分词做状语表示被动和完成;动词不定式做状语表目的。此外,only to do表示出乎意料的结果,以及“主语+系动词+形容词(表情感)+to do”结构中不定式的用法也常在高考中出现。-15-基础考法能力考法【典型例题10】The sunlight is white and
13、 blinding,(throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground.解析:句意:阳光炽白炫目,在地上投下轮廓鲜明的影子。sunlight和throw之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式短语做结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。故答案为throwing。考法总结提示词为动词,且空前有逗号无连词,句中已有谓语动词is,考虑此处用非谓语动词做状语;再根据throw与逻辑主语的关系及句意可知,应用动词-ing形式。-16-基础考法能力考法【典型例题11】Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried
14、 it on,only (find) it didnt fit.解析:句意:她急切地从包裹里拿出裙子穿上,结果发现它不合身。only to do表示出乎意料的结果。故填to find。考法总结给出的提示词为动词,句中已有谓语动词took和tried,故此处考虑用非谓语动词做状语;再根据空前的only及句意可判断此处为“only+不定式”结构。【典型例题12】(2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western T
15、V reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析:所给动词permit和其逻辑主语I之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词表被动。答案为permitted。-17-基础考法能力考法【典型例题13】(2016四川卷)For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something (eat)!解析:句意:25天的时间,她不曾离开幼崽,甚至不去找东西吃!此处表示未发生的动作,且something是动
16、词eat的承受者。故填to eat。-18-基础考法能力考法考法3考查非谓语动词做定语的用法高考对非谓语动词做定语的考查主要有:不定式做定语,表示在谓语动词之后发生的将来动作;动词-ing形式做定语,表示主动和进行;过去分词做定语,表示被动和完成。【典型例题14】(2016浙江卷改编)To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2012.解析:研究是“被实施的”,且已经于2012年完成,表示“被动和完成”用过去分词。故填conducted
17、。考法总结所给词为动词,空格前为名词,考虑此处做定语修饰名词,再分析该名词与提示词之间的逻辑关系可以判断出此处应用过去分词。-19-基础考法能力考法【典型例题15】(2015全国卷)Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.解析:句意:香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie &Kent说,他们经常在这儿为住在上海和香港的人安排方便的度假。该句的谓语动词是ar
18、ranges,所以此处应填非谓语动词;people和live之间是主动关系,故填living做后置定语。答案为living。考法总结分析句子结构快速找到谓语动词arranges,从而判断此处应填非谓语动词;再根据逻辑主语people与live之间为主动关系,确定用动词-ing形式。-20-基础考法能力考法分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”首先判定所给动词是否充当句子的谓语,如果是,就用谓语形式;如果句子中并不缺谓语,则用非谓语形式。【典型例题】(2016全国卷)It could be anythinggardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it i
19、s,(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.解析:句意:它可以是园艺、烹饪、音乐、运动等任何事情,但无论是什么,务必保证它是让你释放日常压力的而不是让你担忧的事。动词原形置于句首,构成祈使句。故填make。-21-1.(2016全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will include(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a res
20、earch centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.2.Many people benefit from the new ways (invent) to fix birth defects of the head and face.introducing考查动词-ing形式。动词include后需跟动词-ing形式做宾语,所以此空填introducing。invented考查过去分词。invent和句子谓语动词benefit之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且空处和其逻辑主语ways构成动宾关系,故用过去分词做后置定语。-22-3.Helen and
21、 Lisa think that there are many different ways(spend) their spare time.to spend考查动词不定式。句意:海伦和丽莎认为有很多方式来度过她们的空闲时间。way to do sth为固定搭配,表示“做某事的方式”。4.When (combine) properly,the five elements form a perfect system which almost works for every bined考查过去分词。分析该句结构可知,该句为省略句,when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语“the five el
22、ements”一致,并且从句中含有be动词,故从句可省略主语和be动词,combine和其逻辑主语为动宾关系,故用过去分词。-23-5.This was a surprising ending for my opponent and for the persons(watch) this contest.6.In my opinion,giving someone a hug and holding their hands (comfort) them can only be done in person.watching考查动词-ing形式。watch和persons为主谓关系,故用动词-i
23、ng形式。“watching this contest”做定语,修饰the persons。to comfort考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,空处表示拥抱和握手的目的,故用动词不定式。-24-7.Brian finds his smartphone functioning much faster,(install) a new operating system.8.An elderly man,Jean Papich,84,sat in the drivers seat,(turn) the key and hitting the gas skilfully.having installe
24、d考查动词-ing形式。句意:安装了一个新的操作系统后,布赖恩发现他的智能手机运行得更快了。“安装”的动作发生在“发现”这一动作之前,空处和主语布赖恩是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式的完成式。turning考查动词-ing形式。分析句子结构可知,空处与句子主语是主谓关系,应用动词-ing形式做伴随状语与hitting并列。故填turning。-25-9.(use) the Internet to communicate with others may be easier,but it lacks many qualities that a face-to-face conversati
25、on possesses.Using考查动词-ing形式。分析句子结构可知,此处为动词-ing形式短语做主语。故用动词-ing形式Using。10.Youd better get yourself (prepare) for the winter.Its cold here.prepared考查过去分词。get sb prepared意为“让某人准备好”,是固定用法。故填prepared。-26-1.Dear classmates,isnt it time that we got down to make learning plans?2.Eve said she would rather t
26、o watch a movie with friends or take part in some outdoor activities.makemaking考查动词-ing形式。句意:亲爱的同学们,难道我们不该制订学习计划了吗?动词短语get down to中的to为介词,后面要跟动词-ing形式做宾语,故改为making。删除to考查动词不定式。句意:伊芙说她宁愿和朋友看电影或参加一些户外活动。would rather后加动词原形。-27-3.With her eyes filling with tears,Jean came to Mr Lis office to explain wha
27、t had happened.fillingfilled考查过去分词。本题考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,因为fill与宾语eyes之间为动宾关系,故应用过去分词filled。4.Last Friday,I was standing near a subway exit,tried to call a taxi.But no luck.5.Eat more fruit and vegetables but less meat is commonly thought as a healthy habit.triedtrying考查动词-ing形式。try与句子主语之间为主谓关系,故用动词
28、-ing形式trying做伴随状语。EatEating考查动词-ing形式。句意:多吃水果和蔬菜少吃肉通常被认为是一种健康的生活习惯。分析句子结构并结合谓语动词可知,此处应用动词-ing形式短语做主语。-28-6.The announcement was presented as a letter writing by the couple to their new baby boy,Max.writingwritten考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知,空处做a letter的后置定语,因write与a letter构成动宾关系,所以使用过去分词做后置定语。7.After the adventu
29、re,I have hundreds of interesting stories share with my families.share前加to考查动词不定式。此处表示“我有很多有趣的故事要和我的家人分享”,应用动词不定式做定语。-29-8.Looked at the cute and happy dog today,Paul realizes that he was right to take him home.9.Under these conditions,the only choice to developing global economy is cooperation.Look
30、edLooking考查动词-ing形式。look和句子谓语realizes之间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且look和句子主语Paul构成逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式做伴随状developingdevelop考查动词不定式。choice,determination,decision,effort,right等名词后的定语常用动词不定式。-30-10.Comparing with letters and public phones,mobile phones are much more convenient.ComparingCompared考查过去分词。compare和句子谓语are之
31、间没有连词,故用非谓语动词,且和句子主语mobile phones构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式。-31-Colourful fruit and vegetables are helpful to our health.Their 1.(nature) colors help protect our bodies from disease.Think about the colors of fruit and vegetablesthe red of tomatoes,the orange of carrots,the green of apples and the purple of
32、 grapes.You can enjoy 2.(eat) fruit and vegetables of all colorsgreen,yellow,blue,purple,and white.Each color 3.(be) important to our health.These colors work together to protect 4.(we) bodies.Scientists have studied them and discovered 5. good of colorful fruit and vegetables.The list below shows s
33、ome benefits of some colors in fruit and vegetables:Red gives us a healthy heart.It can 6.(possible) reduce heart disease.Red helps improve our memory.-32-Yellow is good 7. our eyes.White can reduce cholesterol(胆固醇).Green is helpful to eyes.It also gives us strong bones and 8.(tooth).Blue helps us k
34、eep a good memory as we grow old.It also helps fight heart disease.So,9. you are buying or eating fruit and vegetables,remember 10.(try) different colors of them.-33-【解题导语】本文介绍了不同颜色的水果和蔬菜对我们身体的好处。1.natural考查形容词。句意:它们天然的颜色帮助保护我们的身体免遭疾病。设空处修饰名词,要用形容词形式。故填natural。2.eating考查非谓语动词。句意:你可以享受吃各种颜色的水果和蔬菜的乐趣绿
35、色、黄色、蓝色、紫色和白色。enjoy doing sth为固定搭配。故填eating。3.is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:每种颜色对我们的健康都很重要。此处表示一般性的情况,应用一般现在时;主语为Each color,故谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。4.our考查代词。句意:这些颜色共同起到保护我们身体的作用。设空处修饰名词bodies,做定语,应用形容词性物主代词。故填our。-34-5.the考查冠词。句意:科学家们已经对颜色进行了研究,并发现了有色水果和蔬菜的好处。good在此做名词,其后有of短语修饰,表特指。故填定冠词the。6.possibly考查副词。句意:它可能会减少心
36、脏疾病(的发生)。设空处修饰动词,要用副词形式。故填possibly。7.for考查介词。句意:黄色对我们的眼睛有好处。be good for.意为“对有好处”,为固定短语。故填for。8.teeth考查名词的数。tooth是可数名词,且要与and前面的bones并列,故用复数形式。故填teeth。9.when/while/if考查连词。句意:因此,当/如果你购买或食用水果和蔬菜时,记得尝试不同的颜色。根据句意可知,设空处可用于引导时间状语从句,填when或while;也可引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”,填if。-35-10.to try考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知,设空处表示“记得去做某事”,故填不定式。remember to do.意为“记住要做”。
