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1、并列句和复合句一、并列句一、并列句 由由并并列列连词把把两两个个或或两两个个以以上上的的简单句句连接接起起来来的的句句子子叫叫作并列句。常作并列句。常见分分类： 1. 表表示示同同等等、平平行行或或承承接接关关系系，常常用用连词and，both. . . and，not only. . . but also. . . ，neither. . . nor. . . ，as well as等。等。 2. 表表示示转折折关关系系，常常用用连词but，yet(然然而而), however(然然而而), while(而而)等。等。 3. 表表示示选择关关系系，常常见连词or，not. . . but(不
2、不是是而而是是), either. . . or. . . (要么要么要么要么)等。等。 4. 表示因果关系，常表示因果关系，常见连词because, as，for(因因为), so等。等。二、复合句二、复合句 由由一一个个主主句句和和一一个个或或一一个个以以上上的的从从句句构构成成的的句句子子叫叫作作复复合合句句。从从句句需需由由关关联词引引导。初初中中英英语教教材材主主要要涉涉及及的的复复合合句句有有状状语从句、从句、宾语从句和定从句和定语从句。从句。考点一考点一 状状语从句从句 状状语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中起起状状语的的作作用用，修修饰主主句句中中的的谓语、形形容容词或或副副词。状
3、状语从从句句由由从从属属连词引引导，从从属属连词不不充充当当句句子子成成分分，只只起起连接接作作用用。根根据据意意义上上的的不不同同，状状语从从句句可可分分为：时间状状语从从句句、条条件件状状语从从句句、目目的的状状语从从句句、让步步状状语从从句句、原原因因状状语从从句句、结果果状状语从从句句、比比较状状语从从句句、地地点点状状语从从句句等。等。从句类型从句引导词例句时间状语从句when, while, before, after, until, since, as soon asHe didnt get home until 9 p. m. last night. 他直到昨天晚上九点才到家。
4、Ill call you up as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。条件状语从句if, unless, as long asYoull be kept out of the party unless you have an invitation. 如果没有请柬，您是无法参加这个聚会的。从句类型从句引导词例句目的状语从句so that, in order thatThe new company gave away lots of ads in order that people can get to know it. 这家新公司散发了大量广告以
5、加强人们对它的了解。让步状语从句though/although, even if, whatever, wherever, wheneverThe whole library was in silence, although there were nearly 500 people reading in it. 尽管有将近500人在看书，但整座图书馆却寂静无声。从句类型从句引导词例句原因状语从句because, since, as, forSince everyone is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都到齐了，我们开始开会吧。结果状语从句so. . .
6、 that, such. . . thatYao Ming plays basketball so well that many Americans have also become his fans. 姚明篮球打得如此好以至于很多美国人也成了他的粉丝。从句类型从句引导词例句比较状语从句than, as. . . as. . . , not as/so. . . as. . .Im as old as Bob. 我和鲍勃年龄一样大。地点状语从句where, whereverWhere there is a will, there is a way. 哪里有希望，哪里就有出路。（有志者，事竟成）
7、状状语从句的注意事从句的注意事项1. 条件状条件状语从句和从句和时间状状语从句中的从句中的时态(1)如果主句使用一般将来时，条件状语从句和时间状语从句中使用一般现在时表示将来的动作Your dream must come true if you work hard. 如果努力，你的梦想一定会实现。Im going to be an engineer when I grow up. 长大后我想成为一名工程师。(2)如果主句使用过去进行时，时间状语从句中一般使用过去时态We were watching TV when my father got back. 爸爸回来时我们在看电视。元贝驾考网 ht
8、tp:/ 元贝驾考科目四 科目一 科目三 仿真试题2. 时间状状语从从句句中中not. . . until. . . （直直到到才才）与与before/ after引引导的从句的的从句的转换。I went to bed after I finished my homework. =I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 直到做完作直到做完作业我才去睡我才去睡觉。3. 结果状果状语从句中的特殊句式从句中的特殊句式(1)祈使句+and +简单句：祈使句表示条件，and引导的简单句表示在条件的基础上产生的良好结果，前后句意统一Eat more
9、vegetables and less meat, and youll keep in good health. 多吃菜少吃肉，你会保持健康的。(2)祈使句+or+简单句：祈使句表示条件，or引导的简单句表示在违背条件的基础上可能产生的不良后果，前后句意对立。or在句中表示“否则”，可与if引导的从句进行替换Keep quiet, or you wont hear what the teacher says. =Keep quiet, and you will hear what the teacher says. =If you dont keep quiet, you wont hear
10、what the teacher says. 保持安静，否则你听不见老师在说什么。(3)so. . . that. . . （如此以至于）与too. . . to. . . （太而不能）和not. . . enough to. . . （不足以）句式的转换He is so young that he cant look after himself. =He is too young to look after himself. =He is not old enough to look after himself. 他如此年轻以至于他不能照顾自己。 考点二考点二 宾语从句从句 一、在主从复合句
11、中作一、在主从复合句中作宾语的句子叫作的句子叫作宾语从句。从句。二、二、宾语从句的四个考点：从句的四个考点：时态主句是现在时，从句根据实际情况使用相应时态主句是过去时，从句使用过去时的某种形式从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时，不管主句使用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时语序从句一律用陈述语序，即主语 + 谓语连接词that在从句中作宾语时可以省略；作主语时不能省略what, when, where, how, whatever, whenever, wherever, who, whom, whose等特殊疑问词作连接词当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，连接词用whether或if，表示是
12、否人称一随主，二随宾，三不变【温馨提示温馨提示】当当主主句句谓语动词为think，suppose，guess, believe等等词，主主语为第一人称，从句表达否定意第一人称，从句表达否定意义时，形式上，形式上应否定主句。例如：否定主句。例如：I dont think that he is right. 我我认为他不他不对。考点三考点三 定定语从句从句 一、基本构成一、基本构成1. 定定义：在在复复合合句句中中作作定定语，修修饰主主句句中中某某一一名名词或或代代词的的从从句句叫叫作作定定语从从句句。被被定定语从从句句修修饰的的词叫叫先先行行词，通通常常位位于于定定语从句之前。从句之前。2. 句
13、句式式：含含有有定定语从从句句的的复复合合句句基基本本结构构：先先行行词 + 关关系系词 + 定定语从句。从句。二、关系代二、关系代词的基本用法的基本用法作主语作宾语作定语指人who/thatwho/whom/that/省略whose指物which/ thatwhich/that/省略whose Do you know the girl who/ that has won the first prize in the singing competition? 你你认识歌咏比歌咏比赛中中获得一等得一等奖的那个女孩的那个女孩吗？ Many laugh-making stars whose mast
14、er is Zhao Benshan have become famous these years. 近年来很多近年来很多师承承赵本山的笑星成名了。本山的笑星成名了。【温馨提示温馨提示】1. 以下情况只用以下情况只用that：(1)先行词前有最高级或序数词修饰The Transformers is the greatest movie that I have ever seen. 变形金钢是我看过的最棒的一部电影。The first gift that I got from Uncle Liu was a toy panda. 我从刘叔叔那里得到的第一件礼物是一只玩具熊猫。(2)先行词前有on
15、ly，all, any，no，last，just，very等词修饰Miss Yu seems to be the only teacher that can help us now. 现在可以帮助我们的老师好像只有于老师了。(3)先行词是something，anything，nothing，everything，little，few， many，all，no，none等Is there anything that I can do for you? 我可以为你做点什么？(4)先行词既有人又有物I love the schools and teachers that give me happin
16、ess. 我喜爱给我带来欢乐的学校和老师。2. 以下情况只用以下情况只用who/ whom: (1)先行词是anyone, anybody, one, ones, those等Anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 任何违法之人都将受到处罚。(2)在there be结构中，先行词指人时，关系代词用whoThere are some boys who are playing basketball on the playground. 操场上有些男孩在打篮球。3. 以下情况只用以下情况只用which：(1)引导词前有介词且先行词指物This is t
17、he house in which Im living. 这就是我住的房子。(2)非限制性定语从句中He bought a new computer, which can work faster and better. 他买了台新电脑，这台电脑可以工作得更快更好。三、关系副三、关系副词的基本用法的基本用法用 法例句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示时间的名词（year，season，day等）I still remember the days when we worked together. 我仍然记得我们在一起工作的日子。where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先
18、行词是表示地点的名词（place，school，room等）This is the school where we once studied. 这就是我们曾经学习过的学校。why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词Can you tell me the reason why he hasnt come here? 你能告诉我他不来这儿的原因吗？【巧学妙巧学妙记】定定语从句的用法从句的用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句从句紧跟先行跟先行词，关系，关系词引引导要弄清。要弄清。定人要用定人要用who或或whom，定物，定物wh
19、ich当先用。当先用。关系代关系代词用用that，定人定物有本，定人定物有本领。when用来定用来定时间，where用来定地点。用来定地点。关系代关系代词作成分，唯作作成分，唯作宾语可省略。可省略。单项选择1. (2012达州中考达州中考)Do you enjoy My heart will go on? No, I prefer songs _ loud. A. that is B. which isC. that are D. what are【解解析析】选选C。由由先先行行词词songs指指物物且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语可可知知关关系系代代词词为为that/which，再再
20、由由先先行行词词为为复复数数形形式式可可知知定定语语从从句句的谓语为的谓语为are。2. （2012六六盘水水中中考考）Do you know if we will go for a picnic this Saturday? I think we will if we _ any classes. A. wont have B. didnt haveC. dont have D. arent having【解析解析】选选C。在。在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。3. (2012恩施中考恩施中考)I dont know when _ tomo
21、rrow? I will call you as soon as he _. A. will he come; arrivesB. he will come; arrivesC. he will come; will arrive【解解析析】选选B。when引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句用用陈陈述述语语序序；as soon as 引引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，故选导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，故选B。4. （2012达达州州中中考考）That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing. Do you know _?
22、For 5 years. A. how soon he will come backB. how long he has stayed thereC. how long has he stayed thereD. how often does he go there【解解析析】 选选B。由由宾宾语语从从句句的的语语序序为为陈陈述述语语序序可可排排除除C、D；再再由由答答语语是是for引引导导的的时时间间状状语语可可知知宾宾语语从从句句是是how long引引导导的的，故选故选B。5. （2011广广东中中考考）The first thing _ my brother is going to d
23、o this afternoon is to write a letter. A. which B. that C. why D. who 【解解析析】选选B。在在定定语语从从句句中中若若先先行行词词是是物物且且被被序序数数词词修修饰饰时时关系代词用关系代词用that，故选，故选B。6. (2011济南南中中考考)Julie, do you know _ yesterday afternoon? By bus. I guess. A. when Mr. Green will get to Quancheng SquareB. when will Mr. Green get to Quanche
24、ng SquareC. how Mr. Green got to Quancheng SquareD. how did Mr. Green get to Quancheng Square【解解析析】选选C。考考查查宾宾语语从从句句的的用用法法。根根据据回回答答中中的的By bus我我们们可可以以判判断断是是对对交交通通方方式式的的提提问问。A和和B选选项项中中when不不符符合合句句意意；又宾语从句须用陈述语序，而又宾语从句须用陈述语序，而D选项为疑问语序。故选选项为疑问语序。故选C。7. （2011兰州州中中考考）Jane is one of the students in the clas
25、s _ have ever been to China. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom【解解析析】选选A。由由先先行行词词是是students，且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语，因此用关系词因此用关系词who。故选。故选A。8. （2011山山西西中中考考）Mr. Li, I found a watch on the playground. You should try to find out _. A. whose is the watchB. who is the owner of the watchC. whom does the watch
26、belong to【解析解析】选选B。 宾语从句应该用陈述语序，故选宾语从句应该用陈述语序，故选B。9. （2011宁宁波波中中考考）What a new computer! Can you tell me _? Just the day before yesterday. A. how much you paid for itB. how much did you pay for itC. when you bought itD. when did you buy it【解解析析】选选C。从从句句应应用用陈陈述述语语序序，故故排排除除B项项和和D项项；由由答答语语“前前天天”知知问问的的是是
27、时时间间：“你你能能告告诉诉我我什什么么时时候候买买的的吗吗? ”，故选故选C。10. （2011广广东中中考考）Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend. But nobody knows if it _. A. is fine; will rain B. will be fine; rainsC. will be fine; will rain D. is fine; rains【解解析析】选选A。第第一一个个if作作“如如果果”讲讲，引引导导条条件件状状语语从从句句，从从句句用用一一般般现现在在时时表表将将来来。第第二二个个if作作“是是否否”讲讲引引导导
28、宾宾语语从从句句，可以用将来时。故选可以用将来时。故选A。12. （2011临沂沂中中考考）The policeman asked the small girl _. A. why she was crying B. why was she crying C. why she is crying D. why is she crying【解解析析】选选A。宾宾语语从从句句用用陈陈述述语语序序，再再由由主主句句是是一一般般过过去去时时可确定从句时态为过去时，故答案为可确定从句时态为过去时，故答案为A项。项。13. （2011襄襄阳阳中中考考）Do you know the man _ is re
29、ading the book over there? Yes, hes Mr. Green, our PE teacher. A. which B. what C. whom D. who【解解析析】选选D。先先行行词词the man 是是人人，且且在在定定语语从从句句中中作作主主语语，应用关系代词应用关系代词who。15. （2011泰泰安安中中考考）Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well play chess instead. A. will rain B. rained C. is raining D. rains【解析解析】选选D。在。在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。
