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1、Chapter9Circulatorysystem-Closedtubularsystem-BloodcirculatoryorcardiovascularS心血管系统-LymphvascularS淋巴管系统ThecardiovascularSheartArtery动脉veinCapillary毛细血管1.Capillaries1)LM:endothelium:basementmembrane:pericyte:/flattenedwithprocesses/function:i.supportii.undifferentiatedcellendothelialcell:processesmi
2、crovilli-like,finger-likedplasmalemmalvesicle/60-70nm, constitute about 25-35% oftotalvolume/transendothelialchannelfunction:transportlargemoleculesandstorageofmembrane(forenlarge,enlongated,pore-formedandmicrovilli)EM:classificationContinuouscapillary:-Structuralfeature:endothelialcell:-more plasma
3、lemmalvesicles-tightjunctionbasallamina:complete-Distribution:CT,MT,lungandCNSFenestratedcapillary-Structuralfeature:endothelialcell:-havefenestrae or pore (60-80nm in D, with 4-6 nmdiaphragm)basallamina:complete-Distribution:gastrointestinaltract,endocrineglandandrenalglomerulusSinusoidcapillaries(
4、enlargecapillary)-Structuralfeature:endothelium:gap,porebasallamina:incompleteorno(absent)-Distribution: liver, spleen and bonemarrow2.Artery-largeA:aorta,pulmonarytrunk-medium-sized A: all named A, thediameter1mm(radialA,ulnarA)-smallA:300umD1mm1)Medium-sizedAmuscularA-Tunicaintimaendotheliumsubend
5、otheliallayer:CT-collagenousF-elasticF-smoothmuscleinternalelasticmembrane:wave-liked,pink-coloredband-elastin-Tunica media: thickestlayersmooth muscle: 10-40layersof,circularlyelastic F: produced bySMcollagenousF:producedbySM-Tunicaadventitia:LCTwithsmallBV-vasavasorum,NFandLVexternalelasticM2)Larg
6、eA:elasticA-Structuralfeatures:a.Tunica intima is thick, and internalelasticMisnotprominantb.Tunicamedia:consistsof40-70layersofelasticmembrane,CFandSMLargeAelasticMSM3)SmallA:-largeSA:internalEM3-4layersSMnoexternalM-smallSA:nointernalM1-2layersSM2.Veins-threetype-correspondwithAexceptforLV-threela
7、yers-structuralfeatures:a.largerdiameter,thinnerwalls-collapsedb.no internal and external elastic membrane,sotheboundariesbetweenthreetunicaarenotveryclearc. contains more CT, less smooth M, SM arearrangedinbundlesd.veinvalve:/infoldingoftunicaintima/semilunar-liked/preventbackflowofblood4.Heart-atr
8、ium(rightandleft)-ventricle(rightandleft)ThewallofheartESEsubendocardiallayerendocardiummyocardiumepicardium1)Thewallofheart-endocardium:endotheliumsubendothelial layer: more dense CT-containfibroblast,CF,EF,SMsubendocardial layer: LCT, with BV, NandconductingS-Purkinjefiber-myocardium:cardiacM:a.at
9、rialmuscle:/atrial granules: 0.3-0.4um in D, containatrialnatriureticpolypeptideorcardionatrinb.ventricularM:thick,long,branchesLCT:richincapillaries*atrioventricularfibrousannulus:DCT-epicardium: viscerallayer of pericardium-serousmembrane:mesotheliumLCT: more fat cell-subepicardiallayer-cardiacval
10、ve:formed by infoldingofendocardium:endothelium+DCTpreventthebackflowofblood2)ConductingScomponents:-sinoatriolnode(SAnode):locatedinepicardiumofrightatrium-atrioventricularnode(AVnode) and bundles (AVbundles):locatedinsubendocardiallayer-networkofPurkinjefiber:threetypesofcellsa.pacemakercell(Pcell
11、):mainly distributed in SA and AVnodesmall, fusiform or polygonal inshapedenclosedbyDCTlessorganelle:myofibril,plasmalemmalvesiclesandmoreglycogenb.transitionalcell:mainly distributed in periphery ofSANorAVNandAVbundleThestructureisbetweenpacemakercellandcardiacMthinnerandshorterthanCMmoremyofibrilthanPcellc.Purkinjecell:mainly constitute AV bundle andbranchesshorter, boarder than CM, with 1-2centrallylocatednucleirichinmitochondria,glycogen,lessmyofibrilwell-developedintercalateddisksThanks!
