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1、词汇与语法第5讲虚拟语气& 倒装句虚拟语气在学位英语考试中的具体体现：1. 虚拟条件句;2. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用;1. 1. 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句: :虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句;与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句;与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。虚虚拟条件句条件句例句：1.表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now ， I would lend it to you.If I were you ， I would go to t
2、ell him the real feeling upon him.2.表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice ， he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy.3.表示与将来事实相反 I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow. If he were to be given another chance to do
3、 it again， he could certainly achieve more.考考试可能会涉及：虚可能会涉及：虚拟条件句的倒装条件句的倒装为了强调语气，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。 虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉去掉if if，把条件从句，把条件从句谓语中的助中的助动词、情情态动词或系或系动词放在句首放在句首实现的。例如：If I had been in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money. Had I been in that situation， I would not
4、have let the thief escape away with so much money. Should there be a drought， what should we do at that time ？ If there should be a drought， what should we do at that time ？虚虚拟条件句条件句 中的中的一一些含蓄表达些含蓄表达有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：otherwise， without， but for）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。 这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如：But f
5、or the help from you ， I would not have had the chance to go to college.Without many teachers advice, I could not have passed the examination so quickly.虚拟语气在从句中的运用虚拟语气在从句中的运用u在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气，表示愿望、建议或命令等。u根据虚拟语气的形式不同，可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。一、should类这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的，should
6、should可以省可以省略略。其具体运用体现在：1.在suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如： Mike suggests that Curie should leave the house at once.The leader ordered that the task（should） be finished as soon as possible.Jack proposed that we （should） deal with t
7、he problem by the view of development.2.与suggest ， order， demand ， propose， command， request， desire，insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion， order， demand ， proposal 等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。 如：如：The general sent the order that the battle（should） be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.My proposal is tha
8、t we（should） set a deadline for handing in the plan.3.在It is/was suggested （ordered ， demanded ， proposed ， etc. ） 结构以及necessary ， essential， important， strange， natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。 如：Its requested that we （should） keep the stability of the society for the peoples peaceful life. It is necessa
9、ry that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately.虚拟语气在从句中的运用虚拟语气在从句中的运用二、过去时态类二、过去时态类 英语中，还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子，也要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态（如：一般过去时、过去完成时一般过去时、过去完成时等）来体现的。 1. 1. wish wish ， would ratherwould rather 后的宾语从句。后的宾语从句。He wished He wished he had never been involved in such he had
10、 never been involved in such affairsaffairs. . Vivian wishes Vivian wishes she could get the job soonshe could get the job soon. . I would rather I would rather you could teach me againyou could teach me again. . 2. 2. It isIt is（about/highabout/high） time thattime that句型句型It is time It is time we w
11、ent out for a walkwe went out for a walk. .It was high time It was high time they had begun to prepare they had begun to prepare the experiment.the experiment. It is about timeIt is about time we gave up searching for we gave up searching for the missing dog.the missing dog.3. as if， as though引导的从句。
12、如：The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man.He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.4.由if only （要是，那该多好啊！）引导的惊叹句。如：If only I had passed the test ！If only it stopped raining！Tom Smith wished that his parents _ in the stricken area when the earthquake occurred.A. were not B. are
13、not C. have not been D. had not been答案：D (2005学位真题)The proposal that business companies _guided by professionals for their new scheme of developments was accepted without disagreement.A. be B. areC. was D. were答案：A (2005学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾Professor Wang said that he would rather his student Jane
14、_ to the conference.A. go B. went C. gone D. going答案：B (2005学位真题)If I _ a book on the habits of mice, Id not start working without sufficient observation on them. A. were to write B. have written C. write D. am writing答案：A (2005学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾 _, the police would have caught the criminal earl
15、ier.A. Had they received the clue in time B. If they received the clue in timeC. They have received the clue in time D. Did they receive the clue in time答案：A (2005学位真题)_ the interference from the local residents, the delegation would have caught the train bound for Edinburgh.A. Due to B. Except for
16、C. In case of D. But for 答案：D (2005学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾All the participants believe that it is high time that the two neighboring countries _ a fresh round of negotiation regarding the economic cooperation.A. starting B. started C. have started D. being starting答案：B (2005学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾The
17、suggestion that colleges _ administrated by professors was approved by the board.A. isB. areC. be D. were答案：C (2006学位真题)The player asked he an opportunity to explain his case.A. gives B. be given C. is givenD. should give答案：B (2007学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾虚虚拟语气气 真真题回回顾The new findings by the research c
18、rew suggested that the governments housing plans _not practicable. A. be B. should be C. was D. were答案：答案：D (2005学位真学位真题)The chairman insist that there a meeting to be held within the shortest possible time.A. isB. will be C. was D. be答案：D (2007学位真题)My suggestion was that he _ the offer as soon as p
19、ossible.A. should take B. takes C. would take D. took答案：A (2007学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾If all the people in the world spoke the same language, cultural and economic ties _ be much closer among countries now.A. will B. should C. shall D. would答案：D (2007学位真题) I wish I _ in the sun by a swimming pool ins
20、tead of sitting in this classroom.A. have lain B. were lying C. lay D. lie答案：B (2008学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾It is essential that all the reports to be published _ twice.A. be checked B. would be checkedC. were checked D. will be checked答案：A (2008学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾_ for their support, he would have
21、 gone penniless.A. If it is not B. If it isC. Were it D. Were it not 答案：D (2009学位真题)I arrived late; I _ the traffic to be so heavy this morning.A. wasnt expectingB. wouldnt expectC. havent expectedD. hadnt expected 答案：D (2009学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾It is high time that the international community _tog
22、ether to fight against terrorism.A.work B works C. worked D. working答案：C (2012学位真题)The demand made by the workers is that their salaries _to cover the increased cost of living.A.increased B. be increasedC. be increasing D. were increased答案：B (2012学位真题)虚拟语气虚拟语气 真题回顾真题回顾倒装句考点归纳倒装句考点归纳uu英语句子通常有两种语序：英语句
23、子通常有两种语序： 陈述语序、倒装语序。陈述语序、倒装语序。uu将将谓谓语语的的一一部部分分或或全全部部置置于于主主语语之之前前的的语语序序叫做倒装语序。叫做倒装语序。uu倒倒装装可可分分为为二二种种：将将整整个个谓谓语语提提到到主主语语之之前前的的叫叫完完全全倒倒装装；而而只只将将be 、情情态态动动词词或或者者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装。uu学位考试考察的重点是学位考试考察的重点是部分倒装部分倒装。部分倒装部分倒装uu(1)(1)OnlyOnly在句首，修饰副词，介词词组或状语从句时在句首，修饰副词，介词词组或状语从句时uu1.1.OnlyOnlyth
24、enthendidhefinditimportanttogetalongdidhefinditimportanttogetalongwithothers.withothers.uu2.Only2.Onlyinthiswayinthiswaycanwemakegreatprogress.canwemakegreatprogress.uu3.Only3.Onlyafterhecamebackafterhecamebackwereyouabletoseewereyouabletoseehim.him.uu以关联连词以关联连词notonly.butalsonotonly.butalso开首的句子或者分
25、句也是如开首的句子或者分句也是如此。此。uuNotonlydidtheybreakintohisoffice,buttheyalsoNotonlydidtheybreakintohisoffice,buttheyalsodestroyhiscomputer.destroyhiscomputer.(2)当句首状语为否定词否定词或带有否定含义的词语否定含义的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, scarcely 以及以及not until, no sooner.than, hardly.when, .no.等。1.SeldomhadIs
26、eensuchabeautifulpicture.2.HardlyhadIarrivedhomewhenthephonerang.3.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.4.AtnotimehaveIsaidsuchathing.uuInnocase_belatefortheannualboardmeetingtobeheldnextFriday.uuA.shouldyouB.youshoulduuC.willyouD.youwilluu答案：答案：A （2007学位英语真题）学位英语真题）uuNotuntilthemid-
27、1950s_mostautomakersbeginofferingseatbeltsasoptionalsafetyfeatures.uuA.didB.hadC.doD.woulduu答案：答案：A (2008年学位英语真题年学位英语真题)uuNosooner_thetopofthemountainthanitstartedrainingcatsanddogs.uuA.didtheclimbersreacheduuB.theclimbersreacheduuC.havetheclimbersreacheduuD.hadtheclimbersreacheduu答案：答案：D (2005年学位英语
28、真题年学位英语真题)(3)在省去省去if的虚拟条件从句中。的虚拟条件从句中。1.ShouldIbefreethisafternoon,Iwouldcomeandhelpyouwithyourlesson.(future)2.WereIinyourplace.Iwouldnotbefitforyourjob.（present）3.Haditnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunkwithallonboard.（past）uu_,thepolicewouldhavecaughtthe_,thepolicewouldhavecaughtthecriminal
29、earlier.criminalearlier.uuA.HadtheyreceivedtheclueintimeA.HadtheyreceivedtheclueintimeuuB.IftheyreceivedtheclueintimeB.IftheyreceivedtheclueintimeuuC.TheyhavereceivedtheclueintimeC.TheyhavereceivedtheclueintimeuuD.DidtheyreceivetheclueintimeD.Didtheyreceivetheclueintimeuu答案：答案：答案：答案：A A (2005(2005年学
30、位英语真题年学位英语真题年学位英语真题年学位英语真题) )uuAshisadvisor,IbelievethatheisboundtoAshisadvisor,Ibelievethatheisboundtoaccomplishmuchatyouruniversityaccomplishmuchatyouruniversityhebehebeadmitted.admitted.uuA.mightA.mightB.whetherB.whetheruuC.hadC.had D.shouldD.shoulduu答案：答案：答案：答案：D D （20072007年学位英语真题）年学位英语真题）年学位英语
31、真题）年学位英语真题）(4)在So.that的句型中。Soexcitedwashethathecouldnttsayaword.Sowarmistheweatherthatwedecidetogoshopping.uuThoughIamalwaysfreeonSundays,IseldomThoughIamalwaysfreeonSundays,Iseldomwatchtelevision._.watchtelevision._.uuA.SodoesmysisterA.SodoesmysisteruuB.MysisterdoesntB.MysisterdoesntuuC.Mysisterist
32、ooC.MysisteristoouuD.NordoesmysisterD.Nordoesmysisteruu答案：答案：答案：答案：D (2007D (2007年学位英语真题年学位英语真题年学位英语真题年学位英语真题) )uuAsamatteroffact,ourlifestylesarechangingAsamatteroffact,ourlifestylesarechangingandand ourbodieschanging.ourbodieschanging.uuA.assuchB.sosuchC.suchasD.soA.assuchB.sosuchC.suchasD.soarear
33、euu答案：答案：答案：答案：D (2007D (2007年学位英语真题年学位英语真题年学位英语真题年学位英语真题) )uu注意以下考点：注意以下考点：注意以下考点：注意以下考点：uu(5)当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。如：uuHermotherisawarm-heartedoldlady,soismine.uuuu在Soitis(was)with的句型或者当So表示“的确如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯定某种说法，或者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。uuLiPingstudieshard,sohedoes.uu因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。uuYousayTomw
34、enttotheballyesterday.Sohedid,andsodidI.(6)当neither,nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物时“IdidntmeanwhatIsaid,youknow.”“Neither(Nor)didI”.JohnsnotbeentoLondon,neitherhasBen.（7）用于“形容词（或名词、动词）”+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中Prettyassheis,sheisnotclever.Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.注:从句的表语
35、是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词uu_,Bobstillwentonwiththeexperiment.uuA.AshewastireduuB.AswashetireduuC.TiredashewasuuD.Astiredasheuu答案：答案：C (2008年年6月学位英语真题月学位英语真题)巧记倒装句巧记倒装句uu巧计倒装顺口溜uuNB前倒后不，uuO,NU主倒从不倒，uu2N前倒后也倒，uuNM前后均不倒。uuNB代表Notonly，butalso引导的并列句。notonly位于句首时，所引导的前面的分句倒装，后面的分句不倒装。故此称为“前倒后不倒”。如：uuNotonlydid he co
36、me，butalsohewasveryhappyO代表only状语从句；NU代表Notuntil状语从句。此两种结构位于句首时，倒装主句而不倒装从句，即：“主倒从不倒”。如：1）Onlywhenhetoldmedid I knowit2）NotuntilIbegantoworkdid I realizehowmuchtimeIhadwastedNosoonerthan,Hardly/Scarcelywhen等句型也属此类用法。如：Nosooner（Hardly）had we reachedhomethan（when）itbegantorain2N代表Neithernor所引导的并列句。2N若位
37、于两分句之首，则前后分句均倒装。即“前倒后也倒”。如：NeitherdoIknowhername，nordoeshe.NM即Nomatter引导的状语从句。此时前面从句及后面主句均不倒装。即“前后均不倒”。如：Nomatterhowbusyhe is，healwayscomestohelpus1.You like singing and dancing.A. So do I B. So I do C.I do so D. do I so2.Her mother is a warm-hearted old lady.A. So my mother is B. So is my motherC.
38、Is my mother so D. My mother so is 3. Not untilsixteento school.A. he was；did he go B. he was；he went C. was he；he did go D. was he；went he4. Hardly when it began to rain.A. had he got home B. he had got home C. had got home he D. he home had got5. Little .A. did I think of it B. I thought of itC. d
39、id think I of it D. thought of it I 6. Never before in her life such beautiful and precious jewelry.A. he saw B. did he see C. has she seen D. she has seen7. So busy that he has no time to spare. A. he was B. was he C. he isD. is he8. Only in this way .A. we can well do itB. can we well do it C. we can do it wellD. can we do it well
