高中语法框架图

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1、高中语法框架图高中语法框架图一、句法：一、句法：1、按使用目的分：、按使用目的分： 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句. .2、按其结构可以分按其结构可以分按其结构可以分按其结构可以分: : 简单句简单句简单句简单句 五种基本句型五种基本句型五种基本句型五种基本句型并列句并列句并列句并列句 复合句复合句复合句复合句 定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句 名词性从句（名词性从句（名词性从句（名词性从句（ 主语、主语、主语、主语、 宾语、表语、同位语从句）宾语、表语、同位语从句）宾语

2、、表语、同位语从句）宾语、表语、同位语从句）3、倒装句、倒装句 (全部倒装全部倒装 部分倒装）部分倒装）4、虚拟语气、虚拟语气 （三种基本结构以及错综条件句）（三种基本结构以及错综条件句）5、非谓语动词、非谓语动词 （功能，尤其是现在分词与过（功能，尤其是现在分词与过 去分词的用法）去分词的用法）6、主谓一致、主谓一致二、词法：二、词法：7、名词结构、名词结构 （可数与不可数名词，不可数名词前加（可数与不可数名词，不可数名词前加不定冠词的用法）不定冠词的用法）8、动词的时态和语态（、动词的时态和语态（6种常用时态的熟练掌握，特种常用时态的熟练掌握，特别注意语境）别注意语境）9、情态动词、情态动

3、词 （特别注意表推测和不表推测的情态动（特别注意表推测和不表推测的情态动词的用法）词的用法）10、代词、代词 （几组代词的比较）（几组代词的比较）11、形容词与副词、形容词与副词 （相似形容词和副词的比较，倍数（相似形容词和副词的比较，倍数表达法）表达法）句法知识句法知识句子的种类句子的种类（一）按使用目的可分为（一）按使用目的可分为:陈述句、疑问句、陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句祈使句、感叹句.1）陈述句）陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法说明一个事实或陈述一种看法.光比声速度快光比声速度快光比声速度快光比声速度快. .这部电影很乏味这部电影很乏味这部电影很乏味这部电影很乏味. .Light

4、 travels faster than sound. （说明事实）（说明事实）The film is rather boring. （说明看法）（说明看法）2）疑问句）疑问句:提出问题提出问题,有以下四种有以下四种:A. A. 一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句一般疑问句: :你能按时完成工作吗？你能按时完成工作吗？你能按时完成工作吗？你能按时完成工作吗？ B. B. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句: :什么使得你如此伤心？什么使得你如此伤心？什么使得你如此伤心？什么使得你如此伤心？你怎么知道那件事？你怎么知道那件事？你怎么知道那件事？你怎么知道那件事？C. C. 选择疑问句选择疑问句

5、选择疑问句选择疑问句: :你是要茶还是要咖啡？你是要茶还是要咖啡？你是要茶还是要咖啡？你是要茶还是要咖啡？D. D. 反意疑问句反意疑问句反意疑问句反意疑问句: :他不认识她他不认识她他不认识她他不认识她, ,对不对？对不对？对不对？对不对？Can you finish the work in time?Can you finish the work in time?How do you know that?How do you know that?Do you want tea or coffee?Do you want tea or coffee?He doesnt know her, d

6、oes he?He doesnt know her, does he?What made you so upset?What made you so upset?3 3 3 3）祈使句）祈使句）祈使句）祈使句: : : :提出请求提出请求提出请求提出请求, , , ,建议或发出命令，省略主语建议或发出命令，省略主语建议或发出命令，省略主语建议或发出命令，省略主语youyouyouyou的句子。的句子。的句子。的句子。Work hard, and you will succeed.4 4）感感感感叹叹叹叹句句句句: :表表表表示示示示说说说说话话话话人人人人惊惊惊惊奇奇奇奇、喜喜喜喜悦悦悦悦、愤

7、愤愤愤怒怒怒怒等等等等情情情情绪绪绪绪. .由由由由how how 和和和和whatwhat引导引导引导引导好好干，你就会成功的。好好干，你就会成功的。好好干，你就会成功的。好好干，你就会成功的。多好的消息啊！多好的消息啊！多好的消息啊！多好的消息啊！What good news it is!What good news it is!How good the news is!（二）句子按其结构可以分为（二）句子按其结构可以分为（二）句子按其结构可以分为（二）句子按其结构可以分为: : : :简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句. . . .1

8、.判断下列句式判断下列句式判断下列句式判断下列句式a.Both my wife and I are from Beijing. Both my wife and I are from Beijing. b.My father and mother go to work at 7 in the morning.My father and mother go to work at 7 in the morning.c.He likes playing basketball while I like playing He likes playing basketball while I like p

9、laying volleyball.volleyball.d.Remember to write to your parents as soon as you get Remember to write to your parents as soon as you get there.there.简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句e. Pe. Peter received a letter just now saying his eter received a letter just now saying his grandma w

10、ould come to see him soon. grandma would come to see him soon. f. No person shall smoke or carry a lighted f. No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarettecigarette，cigar or pipe in this areacigar or pipe in this area” ”（二）句子按其结构可以分为（二）句子按其结构可以分为（二）句子按其结构可以分为（二）句子按其结构可以分为: : : :简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并

11、列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句. . . .1 1）简单句）简单句）简单句）简单句: :只含一个主谓结构只含一个主谓结构只含一个主谓结构只含一个主谓结构. . 她喜欢集邮她喜欢集邮她喜欢集邮她喜欢集邮. . 2 2）并并并并列列列列句句句句: :含含含含两两两两或或或或两两两两个个个个以以以以上上上上主主主主谓谓谓谓结结结结构构构构, ,句句句句间间间间由由由由并并并并列列列列连连连连词词词词或或或或分分分分号号号号 连接连接连接连接. . 食物很精美食物很精美食物很精美食物很精美, ,但他却没什么胃口但他却没什么胃口但他却没什么胃口但他却没什么胃口. . 3 3）复

12、合句）复合句）复合句）复合句: :含一个主句和一个或几个从句含一个主句和一个或几个从句含一个主句和一个或几个从句含一个主句和一个或几个从句, ,从句由从属连词引导从句由从属连词引导从句由从属连词引导从句由从属连词引导. . 我们到达电影院的时候我们到达电影院的时候我们到达电影院的时候我们到达电影院的时候, ,电影已经开演了电影已经开演了电影已经开演了电影已经开演了. .She is fond of collecting stamps.She is fond of collecting stamps.The food was good, but he had little appetite.Th

13、e food was good, but he had little appetite.The film had begun when we got to the cinema. The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 简简 单单 句句1 1）主）主）主）主+ + + +动（动（动（动（SVSVSVSV）2 2 2 2）主）主）主）主+ + + +系系系系 + + + +表（表（表（表（SVPSVPSVPSVP）3）主）主+动动 +宾（宾（SVO）4）主）主+动动 +间宾间宾 +直宾（直宾（SVOiOd）5 5）主）主）主）主+ +动动动动

14、+ +宾宾宾宾 + +补（补（补（补（SVOCSVOC）6 6）There be There be 句型句型句型句型六种基本句型六种基本句型a.You are sitting on the train home.b.There comes the bus !c.She is an English teacher.a.Tom teaches Chinese.a.There existed a nation in the ocean.a.Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.b.We think it our duty to study well.

15、主主主主+ + + +动（动（动（动（SVSVSVSV）主主主主+ + + +动（动（动（动（SVSVSVSV）主主主主+ + + +系系系系 + + + +表（表（表（表（SVPSVPSVPSVP）主主+动动 +宾（宾（SVO）There be There be 句型句型句型句型主主+动动 +间宾间宾 +直宾（直宾（SVOiOd）主主主主+ +动动动动 + +宾宾宾宾 + +补（补（补（补（SVOCSVOC）判断下列句子属于何种句式判断下列句子属于何种句式Exercises a.What lovely children are !b.What a fine weather it is !c.

16、There used to have an old temple over there.d.Come here a moment, do you?e.To try some of this juice- perhaps youll like it .f.May you happy!g.Tom, cleans the window this afternoon.h.He looked sad at me.改错：改错：they are !be willbe happy !cleansadly（三三三三）基基基基本本本本句句句句型型型型: : : :英英英英语语语语中中中中千千千千变变变变万万万万化

17、化化化的的的的句句句句子子子子归归归归根根根根结结结结底底底底都都都都是是是是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的: : : :1 1）主）主）主）主+ + + +动（动（动（动（SVSVSVSV） I work.I work.2 2 2 2）主）主）主）主+ + + +系系系系 + + + +表（表（表（表（SVPSVPSVPSVP） Things are getting betterThings are getting better. She turned docto

18、r. She turned doctor.表表表表状状状状态态态态存存存存在在在在的的的的系系系系动动动动词词词词：be, be, seem, seem, appear, appear, prove, prove, look, look, smell, taste, sound, feelsmell, taste, sound, feel表状态延续：表状态延续：表状态延续：表状态延续：remain, stay, keep, continueremain, stay, keep, continue表状态变化：表状态变化：表状态变化：表状态变化：become, grow, get, come, g

19、o, turnbecome, grow, get, come, go, turn3）主）主+动动 +宾（宾（SVO） She studies English.4）主）主+动动 +间宾间宾 +直宾（直宾（SVOiOd） My mother made me a new dress. 双双及及物物动动词词有有：give, send, teach, bring, show, tell, make, sing, sell, read etc.5 5）主）主）主）主+ +动动动动 + +宾宾宾宾 + +补（补（补（补（SVOCSVOC） I saw him come into the house yest

20、erday.I saw him come into the house yesterday.能带宾补的动词：能带宾补的动词：能带宾补的动词：能带宾补的动词：1 1）感感感感官官官官动动动动词词词词：see, see, watch, watch, look look at, at, observe, observe, notice, notice, feel, find, hear, listen tofeel, find, hear, listen to2 2）使让动词：）使让动词：）使让动词：）使让动词：have, make, let, get, forcehave, make, let,

21、get, force3 3）其其其其它它它它：want, want, wish wish expect, expect, allow, allow, permit, permit, forbid, forbid, ask, order, advise etc.ask, order, advise etc.1 英语句子必须有谓语动词。英语句子必须有谓语动词。他像他爸爸。他像他爸爸。 这本书值得一读。这本书值得一读。 我反对你的意见。我反对你的意见。五种基本句型的推导：五种基本句型的推导：2 一个句子内一个句子内有且只有一个有且只有一个动词充当谓语（并列谓动词充当谓语（并列谓语除外），其余动词应为

22、语除外），其余动词应为非谓语或从句的谓语非谓语或从句的谓语。他给我一些水喝。他给我一些水喝。He is like his father.The book is worth reading.Im against you.He gave me some water to drink.3 英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型构成。英语的任何句子都由五种基本句型构成。它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准，是英语它是我们判断句子正确与否的标准，是英语写作、阅读写作、阅读的基础。的基础。4 注意基本句型与注意基本句型与习惯表达习惯表达。今天我玩得很开心。今天我玩得很开心。 时间不够了。时间不够了。Today I pl

23、ayed happily.I had a good time today.Time was not enough.We had not enough time.RevisionExercises :Exercises :1. 把下列简单句按基本句型分类：把下列简单句按基本句型分类：1.No body is here. / 2. He passed me a cup of tea. / 3. Tom doesnt know the pop star. / 4.My mother stays at home. / 5. The milk tastes good. / 6. The car caug

24、ht fire. / 7. The teacher has told me the fact. / 8. He is reading a book. / 9. He gave me a lecture yesterday. / 10. She is very friendly./ 11. I can swim. / 12. I have had a good time / 13. I found him talking. / 14. This English book is very interesting. 主主 + 谓谓 ：（：（ ） 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 ：（：（ ） 主主 + 系系

25、 + 表表 ： ( ) 主主 + 谓谓 + 双宾双宾 ：( ) 主主 + 谓谓 + 宾宾 + 宾补宾补 ：( ) 4, 11, 3, 6, 8, 12 1, 5, 10, 14 2, 7, 9 132. 2. 更正下列句子的错误更正下列句子的错误Exercises :Exercises :1. He came the room. 2. The music sounds. 3. I have seen. 4. He gave a pen me. 5. The boss made the boy to work hard. 6. My father bought a book to me. 1.

26、He came into the room 2. The music sounds wonderful 3. I have seen the film.4. He gave a pen to me. 5. The boss made the boy work hard. 6. My father bought a book for me . Exercises :Exercises :3. 3. 翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：翻译下列句子并分析句子结构：1. 1. 我经常在早晨读英语。我经常在早晨读英语。 2. 2. 玛丽是个聪明的学生。玛丽是个聪明的学生。3. 3. 我的老师交给我一封信我的老

27、师交给我一封信 4. 4. 我母亲经常叫我努力学习。我母亲经常叫我努力学习。5. 5. 我们叫我们的老师王先生我们叫我们的老师王先生 6. 6. 他正在房里做家庭作业。他正在房里做家庭作业。1. I often read English in the morning. 2. Mary is a clever student. 3. My teacher gave me a letter. 4. My mother often asks me to study hard. 5. We call our teacher Mr. Wang. 6. He is doing his homework i

28、n the room. 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾主主 + + 系系 + + 表表 主主 + + 谓谓 + + 双宾双宾 主主+ + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + +宾补宾补主主+ + 谓谓 + + 宾宾 + + 宾补宾补主主 + + 谓谓 + + 宾宾并并 列列 句句把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来的句子。来的句子。四种类型四种类型1. 由由and, not only but also, neithernor, then连接；表同等概念。连接；表同等概念。Not only do the nurses want a pay increase, but al

29、so they want reduced hours. 2. 由由eitheror, or, otherwise等连接；表选择等连接；表选择Either she leaves or I will. 3. 由由but, still, yet, however, while, when等连接；等连接；表转折。表转折。My mother likes coffee while my father likes tea. 4. 由由so, for, therefore 等连接；表因果。等连接；表因果。He found it difficult to read, for his eyes were fail

30、ing. Exercises :注意逻辑关系注意逻辑关系1. Give him an inch hell take an ell. A. but B. and C. for D. so 2. did the students dance, their teacher sang. A. Neither or B. Either or C. Bothand D. Not onlybut also3. Feathers fall to the ground slowly stones fall much faster. A. and B. while C. but D. yet 4. We must

31、 get up early tomorrow, well miss the first bus to the Great. A. however B. but C. or D. so 6. I thought wed be late for the concert, _ we ended up getting there ahead of time.7. Search the website of the Fire Department in your city, _you will learn a lot about Firefighting.8. They were surprised t

32、hat a child should work out the problem _they themselves couldnt.butandwhile5. He worked hard, he failed. A. while B. and C. so D. yet9. I was just about to lie down to rest _I saw a snake in the grass.when句子的连接和标点符号句子的连接和标点符号1、句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大、句号连接两个并列句子，第二个句子的首字母大 写。写。 My name is Tom. I am fi

33、ve.2、分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不、分号连接两个并列分句，第二个句子的首字母不 大写。大写。 Tom is five; he studies in a primary school.3、引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。、引号前用逗号而不用冒号，英语中没有书名号。 Tom said, “ The movie Titanic is wonderful!”重点：逗号的运用。重点：逗号的运用。1、逗号连接内部结构，即句子的状语（从句），定语、逗号连接内部结构，即句子的状语（从句），定语（从句），同位语（从句）插入语等。（从句），同位语（从句）插入语等。1). Since h

34、e is ill he is absent.2). To save class time our teacher has us students do half of the exercises in class.3). Polar bears live mostly on sea ice which they use as a platform for hunting seals. 4). The workers most of them women are from the country.请为下列句子加上逗号。请为下列句子加上逗号。，2. 逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个逗号加连词相当于句号，连接两个并列句子。并列句子。I am five, and I study in a primary school.Translate the sentences (注意标点）注意标点）:我走进教室，看见他正在读书，我没有打扰他，我走进教室，看见他正在读书，我没有打扰他，拿了书就出了教室。拿了书就出了教室。When I came into the classroom, I saw him reading. I took my book and went out, without interrupting him.