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1、题型分类指导之题型分类指导之短文改错专题短文改错专题How to correct a composition 题型特点题型特点: （1 1）词词法法内内容容。包包括括名名词词、代代词词的的数数与与格格，反反身身代代词词，动动词词时时态态语语态态，非非谓谓语语动动词词、短短语语动动词词的的用用法法，不不规规则则动动词词的的变变化化形形式式，形形容容词词的的比比较较级级，形形容容词词副副词词的的区区别别，介词的误用等。介词的误用等。（2 2）句句法法内内容容。包包括括主主谓谓一一致致、指指代代一一致致，并并列列连连词词，从从属属连连词词等等引引导导各各种种从从句句的的关关联联词词语语，感感叹叹句句
2、，疑疑问问句句，祈使句的结构等。祈使句的结构等。（3 3）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理、判断等）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理、判断等。 题型专项 -短文改错短文改错考点聚焦考点聚焦a.(2000) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. schoolmatesb.(04)After class we become stranger at once.strangersc.(01)They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that Ill ge
3、t marks in all my subject. subjects1.名词名词考点设置考点设置e.(02)On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.picturese.(04)That was a dinner we had waited for several month. 命题特点:本来用复数,却用单数.改正方法:(1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份;(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系.f. (04)You can find all kinds of information in just m
4、inute on the Internet.monthsminutesa.(04浙江)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own and discover and and interest which can even last a lifetime.b.(02)It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited.c.(04湖北)You have t
5、o be friends with your pupils and take care of him.their2.代词代词usthemd.(02春)When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place which I couldnt find.ite.(03)I was learning to express me in simple English. f.(02北京)They usually will try to change ,but they will take some time because they ge
6、t angry all their lives. 命题特点：代词与其所指代对象不一致。 改正方法：联系上下文的语气及逻辑关系。itmyselfa. (02) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.theb. ( 01)We may be one family and live under a same roof,but-c. (04天津) As we all left home at early age, we met lots of problems in our daily l
7、ife. an3.冠词ad.(04福建)Ten minutes later, the firemen came the put out fire.thee.(04湖南)I had thought it would be easy test.f. (05)I hope youve had pleasant journey home 命题特点及改正方法：英语中冠词只有三个，只能从以下几个方向出题：1）不定冠词a和an互改；2）不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；3）根据需要增删冠词。anaa.(01) we do not seem to get much time to talk about to
8、gether.b.(04)Im a newcomer here of a small town.c. (04)Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.d.(04)Well talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.4.介词aboutfromataboute.(05)I am writing to thank you with your kind help.forf. (05)Were leaving from our hometowns to spend the winter va
9、cation.for命题特点及改正方法：介词涉及搭配错误，因此可从以下方面确定错误：1）介词的基本用法；2）习惯搭配；3）动词词类确定错误，如例a，talk about 是及物动词，后边要接宾语。a.(01) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies so that-dob.(02) The time passes quickly. Evening came. c.(03)She liked it very much and reads it to
10、the class.d. (04)I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class. 5.动词passedreadtalke.(05辽宁)I was a high school student then,from low-income family.So I have to work to support my family. f.(05)I will write again and send you the photos we take
11、together. 命题特点：现在时与过去时的误用，句中一般没有时间状语。 改正方法：动词改错题是考查的重点，每年都考。要注意联系上下文，突破单句层次，着眼于整个语篇。tookhada. (04)I would describe myself as shy and quietly.quietb. (04)There have been reports in America about people trying to steal person information for bad purposes. personalc. (04)Finding information on the Net
12、is easily. easyd.(04天津)However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. helpless6.形容词、副词e.(05辽宁)I worked harder because I was afraid of losing the job.f.(05) My pronunciation was terribly.命题特点及改正方法：主要考查形容词和副词的误用、形容词及副词的比较级等。1）根据adj.或adv.的基本用法确定错误；2）修饰连系动词或名词用形容词；3）修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。hardterriblea.
13、 (00) She is smiling at me but nodding at me . andb. (01)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.c. (02)The food was expensive and the service was good.but7.连词d. (04湖北)I teach them, play with them, but watch them growing up.e.(04湖南)The teacher wasnt looking at me, but I copied so
14、mething.orandsof.(05福建)The activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful.命题特点及改正方法：主要考查and、or、but、so等并列连词的误用。1）根据句型结构确定错误；2）根据句意确定错误；3）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误buta.(01)My parents will so all they can make sure that I get a good education.tob.(02)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.talkingc.(
15、03) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.8.非谓语动词visitedd.(04江苏)Shake her head, she said, “-” Shakinge.(05福建)I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future.seeingf.(05山东)Were busy prepare for our trips.命题特点：1）谓语动词和非谓语动词的错
16、用；2）动词不定式和现在分词（或动名词）的错用；3）现在分词和过去分词的错用等。 改正方法：1）根据动词的基本用法确定错误（如c)；当两个动词相连时，要特别检查各个动词是否正确(如b); 2)根据非谓语动词在句子中的成分确定错误(如a); 3）进行句子结构分析，如当动词出现在句首时，要认真分析这个句子是否是祈使句，如果不是，这个动词就可能用法错误（如d)。preparinga.(02) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.inb.(04) I dont know that they dont like to talk
17、 with me.whosec. (03)The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate everything into English.how9.句子结构d.(01)What things are in other homes, I wonder.e.(04福建)I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei.whywhenf.(05辽宁)And I came to understand that was not easy to earn mon
18、ey.g.(05)Earning their own money allows them to spend on anything as if they please.h.(02)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.ititit命题特点及改正方法：句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，主要涉及句子成份和复合句的关联词等。解答这类题从以下方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）复合句中边接方句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。10.正确命题特点：每年一个小题a.(01)Lik
19、e most of my schools, I have neither brothers nor sistersin any other words, I am an only child.b.(04)There are no need to spend money.11.其他c.(05)So what I learned from the job was much more important as what I earned. 命题特点及改正方法：其他可能涉及的考点有固定句型、习语、习惯搭配、主谓一致、名词及动词辨析和被动语态等。进行逻辑、语境分析以及积累一些常见习语搭配是解题关键。an
20、yisthan2006年高考短文改错热点：名词、连词、时态、复合句、习惯用语、冠词、非谓语动词、2006年高考短文改错冷点：代词、主谓一致、介词、形容词、副词考点预测考点预测Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 76._the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since 77. _long ago, many adults and children called their friends together 78. _to spend
21、hours, even days play games.One of the reasons people 79. _like to play is that sports help them to live happily.In other words, 80. _ they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are 81. _playing games,they move a lot.That is how sports are good activities 82. _for their health.Having
22、 fun with their friends make them happy. 83. _Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play.In American 84. _big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.85. _20052005高考湖北卷高考湖北卷Practice makes perfect. 谚谚 熟能生巧熟能生巧butwomenthewhyplayingmakesfeelinghavebuy（1）通通读读全全文文，了
23、了解解文文章章主主旨旨大大意意，确确定定文文章章的的题材、体裁，把握文章的背景知识。题材、体裁，把握文章的背景知识。（2）逐逐句句分分析析，把把握握结结构构。粗粗略略分分析析词词法法、句句法法、逻辑上是否有问题。逻辑上是否有问题。 （3）逐行修改，先易后难。）逐行修改，先易后难。（4）复复读读全全文文，验验证证答答案案。一一要要注注意意错错误误点点的的分分散与比例，二要注意答题是否合乎规范。散与比例，二要注意答题是否合乎规范。应试技巧点拨答题规范常见的不规范答题： (1). a a (2). a a (3). a a (4). catch sight him of (5). catches c
24、atches (6). a 去掉a (7) . A the (8). A A The (9). him hev此此题题要要求求改改正正所所给给短短文文中中的的错错误误。对对标标有有题题号号的的每每一行作出判断：一行作出判断：如如无无错错误误，在在该该行行右右边边横横线线上上画画一一个个勾勾（）；如如有有错错误误（每每行行只只有有一一个个错错误误），则则按按下下列列情情况况改正：改正：此此行行多多一一个个词词：把把多多余余的的词词用用斜斜线线（）划划掉掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。 此此行行缺缺一一个个词词：在在缺缺词词处处加加一一个个漏
25、漏字字符符号号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。此此行行错错一一个个词词：在在错错的的词词下下划划一一横横线线，在在该该行行右右边横线上写出改正后的词。边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。注意：原行没有错的不要改。解题解题要求要求 短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。名词爱考名词爱考“数数”与与“格格”，冠词在前，冠词在前“错错”“多多”“少少”。动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半搭配错，多漏误用想周到。介词多半搭配
26、错，多漏误用想周到。句法涉及到句法涉及到“一致一致”，从句多考关系词。，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。“1126”惯常比惯常比，回读复查敲定稿。，回读复查敲定稿。注注：“一一致致”：包包括括主主谓谓一一致致，代代词词及及相相应应的的限限定定词词在在数数、性性、称称方方面面的的一一致致，主主语语与与主主语语补补语语，宾宾语语和和宾宾语语补补语语的的一一致致等等。 “1126”1126”：指指的的是是通通常常1010个个题题项项有有一一处处是是正正确确的的，一一处处（或或两两处处）属属多多余余，两两处处（或或一一处处）需需补补加加成成分分，6 6处需更改。当然，此非处需更改。当然，此非“定势定势”，仅作参考。，仅作参考。改错歌诀改错歌诀Your good advice is always appreciated!
