《非谓语动词之ing形式.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词之ing形式.ppt（80页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、非谓语动词小结（二）ing形式济宁市育才中学ing形式形式动词语态形式 及物动词make 不及物动词go主动语态 被动语态主动语态一般式makingbeingmadegoing完成式havingmadehavingbeenmade havinggone注意：not要永远放在ing前面育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！-ing形式的基本用法（1）作主语：Seeingisbelieving.Talkingiseasierthandoing.Beingpraisedisagreatpleasure.Hisbeinglateagainmade
2、theteacherangry.ing作主语时，同不定句式作主语一样吗，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。如：Itisntmuchgoodwritingtothemagain.Itsnousewaitinghere.育才中学1.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？-_hernewbicycle.（1997上海）A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing2._themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.Thepresidentwillatt
3、endB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresidentsattending育才中学练一练练一练3.-Lucydoesntseemtobewhatshewas.-No_somuchinthewarhasmadehermorethoughtful.ASeenBHerseeingCHavingseenDTohaveseen育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！（2）作表语：Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.W
4、hatworriedthechildmostwas_tovisithismotherinthehospital（1998上海）AhisnotallowingBhisnotbeingallowedChisbeingnotallowedDhavingnotbeenallowed解析：答案B。动名词复合结构的否定式应把否定词not放在物主代词之后、动名词之前。child和allow之间为动宾关系，所以就用其被动式。育才中学（3）作宾语：作及物动词的宾语。Shelikesdrawingverymuch.；作某些短语动词的宾语。MaryisthinkingofgoingbacktoNewYork.；do
5、+限定词（my,some,any,the等）+-ing，表示“做事”之意，如：WeoftendoourcleaningonSaturdayafternoon.WillyoudoanyshoppingonSaturdaythisafternoon?育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！作介词的宾语：Hersisterisgoodatlearningphysics.Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.作形容词worth,busy等的宾语：Thisbookiswellworthreading.in
6、g作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：Wefounditnogoodtalkinglikethat.Doyouthinkitnecessarytryingagain?育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！ 下列动词要用动名词作宾语下列动词要用动名词作宾语育才中学admit/appreciate/avoid/consider(考虑)/discuss/dislike/deny/delay/enjoy/excuse/escape/fancy/finish/forgive/imagine/keep/keep
7、 on/mind/miss/ mention/practise/prevent/postpone/put off/pardon/report/risk/resist/suggest/understand 例句赏析：Fancyhavingafoollikethatforahusband!试想找这么一个傻瓜做丈夫!Betweenastonishmentandjoyshecouldnthelpburstingintotears.她惊喜交集禁不住放声大哭起来。育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！to作介词的短语动词be/get/becomeus
8、edto习惯于begivento沉溺于berelatedto和有联系beaddictedto沉溺于；对上瘾.beopposedto/objectto反对bedevotedto/devoteoneselfto献身于,爱beadmittedto被录取,准进入bereducedto/reduceto沦为,使沦为.Hewasreducedtobegginginthestreet.他沦为沿街乞。育才中学beattachedto附属于,爱慕,爱恋,敬仰beadjustedto/adjustto/adjustoneselfto适应beadaptedto/adaptoneselfto适应beknownto为所
9、知bemarriedto和结婚besentencedto被判处beconnectedto和连在一起育才中学beexposedto暴露于/遭受/接触becomparedto被比喻成compareto把比成be/become/getaccustomedto/accustomoneselfto惯于,有.习惯.beengagedto和订婚getdownto着手做leadto导致putonesmindto全神贯注于育才中学giveriseto引起givebirthto生育lookforwardto盼望payattentionto注意stickto坚持attendto处理,照料seeto负责contrib
10、uteto对做贡献makecontributionsto对做贡献applyoneselfto致力于育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！comecloseto几乎,将近replyto回答addto增加addupto加起来turnto转向,求助于feelupto能胜任lookupto向上看,尊敬育才中学admitto承认Headmittedtohavingbrokentheglass.他承认打烂了玻璃。belongto属于taketo喜爱,开始Shehastakentodrinkingrecently.他最近喜欢喝酒。clingto附着/坚
11、持fallto开始Aftersupperwefelltodiscussingpolitics.晚饭后我们开始讨论政治。respondto回答育才中学Hecamecloseto_(kill)intheaccident.Headmittedto_(break)theglass.育才中学being killedhaving brokenTheletterwewerelookingforwardto_yesterday.A.comingB.cameC.comeD.hascome大家还记得下面这道题吗？入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！1.Ifyout
12、hinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(2006湖南卷)A.getsB.gotC.togetD.getting2.Isntittimeyougotdownto_thepapers?(2006n重庆卷)A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking育才中学练一练练一练入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！3.Theparentssuggested_inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxi
13、oustocampoutduringthetrip.(2006上海卷)A.sleepB.tosleepC.sleepingD.havingslept4.Afterhebecameconscious,heremembered_and_ontheheadwithsrod.(2006江西卷)A.toattack;hitB.tobeattacked;tobehitC.attacking;behitD.havingbeenattacked;hit育才中学5.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(200
14、7全国II)A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose6.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsinthearea_.(2007陕西卷)A.needrepairingB.needstorepairC.needsrepairingD.needtorepair育才中学7.Icantstand_withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_talkingwhilesheworks.A.workin
15、g;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop8.Johnwasdoingfine.Everyoneregretted_outofschoolatsuchanearlyage.A.himtodropB.hisdroppingC.ittodrophimD.todrophim育才中学“我无法忍受和简在同一个办公室工作，她在工作的时候总是不停地说话。”9.Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman.Mygoodness!Icantimagine_thatold.(2006江苏)
16、A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeen育才中学在报纸上有个关于一位110岁老人的故事。天哪！我简直不能想像活到那么大年龄。入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！10.Ireallyappreciate_torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.（2001年上海高考试题）AtohavehadtimeBhavingtimeCtohavetimeDtohavingtime11.The_boywaslastseen_neartheEastLake.（2000年上海高考试题）Amissing;play
17、ingBmissing;playCmissed;playedDmissed;play育才中学12.Tonywasveryunhappyfor_totheparty（2000上海）AhavingnotbeeninvitedBnothavinginvitedChavingnotinvitedDnothavingbeeninvited13ShelikesbutshedoesntlikethisafternoonShedlikesomeotherdayAswimming；swimming；toswimBtoswim；swimming；toswimCswim；toswim；swimmingDswimmi
18、ng；toswim；toswim育才中学14HowaboutthetwoofusawalkdownthegardenAtotakeBtakeCtakingDtobetaking15ThepupilaskedtheteacherhowmuchtimehespentviolineverydayAtopractisetoplaytheBpractisingplayingtheCtopractisetoplayDpractisingtoplay育才中学16Shewasluckyenoughbythecar.AmissingbeinghitBtomisshittingCmissingtobehitDto
19、missbeinghit17WewereluckythatwejustescapedtherainAbeingcaughtinBtobecaughtinCcatchingDtocatch育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！18.Haveyouforgotten_$1000frommelastmonth?Willyoupleaseremember_ittomorrow?A.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing19.Articles(
20、物品)usedbypatientsmustbedisinfected(消毒)before_others.A.usingB.beingusedbyC.usedbyD.beingusing育才中学20.MrReadmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_someschoolsforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetupB。devote.to+n./V-ing形式是固定结构。hehad是定语从句。 育才中学21.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.A.thethiefhavin
21、gcaughtB.B.catchthethiefC.C.thethiefbeingcaughtD.D.thethieftobecaught（4）作定语：asleepingcarasleepingchild注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。另外，-ing作定语用时，其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行或经常性习惯性的，反之，就不能用-ing作定语，要使用定语从句，如：ThegirlwhowrotealetterthereyesterdaycanspeakEnglishverywell.育才中学请注意以下
22、区别：分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done表示已经完成的动作tobedone表示尚未开始的动作beingdone表示正在进行之中的动作育才中学1.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.“A.readB.readsC.toreadD.readingD。reading在这里意为内容是，上面写着。限制性定语。相当于whichreads.。育才中学2.Theflowers_sweetinthebot
23、anicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（04上海）A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt3.Amanisbeingquestionedinrelationtothe_murderlastnight.（04江苏）A.advisedB.attendedC.attemptedD.admitted练一练练一练未未遂遂的的4.Thepicture_onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(00北京春季)A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangs D.beinghung5.Itse
24、emsthatIoncemetwiththeman_us.A.servedB.beingservedC.tohaveservedD.serving育才中学6.Theoldman_hasbeenillformonths.A.tooperateonB.operateonC.operatedD.beingoperatedon7.Lastyearwehadadrought_80days.A.lastedB.lastingC.tolastD.beinglasted7.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_.A.20dollarsremained
25、B.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars育才中学8.IfIcorrectsomeone,Iwilldoitwithasmuchgoodhumorandself-restraintasifIweretheone_.A.tocorrectB.correctingC.havingcorrectedD.beingcorrected育才中学如果我要纠正别人的错误，我会尽量设身处地的诙谐和委婉的说明。入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！（5）作宾语补足语：Wecanseesteam
26、risingfromthewetclothes.注：当-ing在复合宾语中作宾语补足语用时，句中宾语就是这个-ing的逻辑主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,find,have,keep等。育才中学1.Enteringtheroom,IfoundMary_atthedeskand_aletter.A.seating;writingB.seated;writingC.seated;wroteD.sitting;written2.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_hishandintothepocketofapasseng
27、er.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting育才中学练一练练一练入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！3.Whydoyoustandandwatchthemilk_.A.boilingB.boiledC.fromboilingD.havingbeenboiled4.Walkingalongtheriver,weheardsomeone_forhelp.A.shoutingB.shoutC.shoutedD.havingshouted育才中学5.Whydoyouhavethewater_allthetime?A.run
28、B.toberunningC.runningD.beingrunning6.Johnlefthiscoat_onthesofa.A.layingB.lyingC.laidD.lain7.Whydoyoustandandwatchthemilk_over?-Oh,sorry.Iwasthinkingof_tothezoo.A.boiling;takenB.boiled;takingC.boiled;beingtakenD.boiling;beingtaken育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！8.Acookwillbeimmediatel
29、yfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked育才中学（6）作状语：1.表伴随Cantyouread?Marysaidangrilypointingtothenotice.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Travelingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质
30、教辅资料！2.表原因Havingeatentoomuch,hecouldntgotosleep.Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldntaffordtosendtheboytohospital.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.育才中学3.表结果Hisparentswerekilledintheacciden
31、t,leavinghimanorphan.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.再比较：Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofindthatitwasSunday.育才中学4.表时间Whencrossingtheroad,pleasebecareful.Dontmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.5.表条件Workin
32、ghard,youllgetagoodachievement.Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothesite.6.表让步Workingsohard,hefailedagain.育才中学使用时要注意（以do为例）：1）doing表示的必须是主语发出的动作；2）doing表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的；3）havingdone表示的是主语发出的动作，且早于主句的动作；4）havingbeendone与主语之间构成被动关系，且早于主句的动作；5）一般不用beingdone作状语；6）有时可以由while，when,once,
33、although,until,if,unless等连词引导。育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！附：with结构面面观所谓“with结构”，也称为with独立主格结构，是指“with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构。其中，宾语一般由名词或代词充当，而宾语补足语则具体的需要由形容词、副词、介词短语、分词短语（现在分词和过去分词）及不及物动词短语等充当。常见的with结构主要有下列几种情形(仅以with为例）：育才中学1.with+名词（代词）+形容词Imtosleepingwiththewindowopen.我习惯于开着窗户睡
34、觉。2.with+名词（代词）+副词Thestreetlooksmorebeautifulwithallthelightson.所有的灯都亮着，街道上看起来更加漂亮。3.with+名词（代词）+介词短语Hewassleepingwithhisheadonhisarm.育才中学4.with+名词（代词）+过去分词（强调宾语是动作的承受者或动作已经完成）Hesattherewithhiseyesfixedonme.Withtheproblemsolved,wehavemoreconfidence.Withhimtakencareof，wefeltquiterelieved.5.with+名词（代词
35、）+ingWefoundtheplaceveryeasilywiththeboyleadingtheway.Canyouseethehugeboxwithalonghandleattachingtoit?育才中学试比较：Withmyhomeworkdone,IbegantowatchTV.我作业做好了，就开始看电视。Withmybikebeingrepaired,Icangonowhere.我自行车在修，哪儿也去不了。育才中学6.with+名词（代词）+不定式短语（表示该动作的将来含义或尚未完成）Icantdooutwithallthesedishestowash.我不能出去，因为所有这些碟子
36、都要洗。Intheafternoon,withnothingtodo,Iwentonaroundofthebookstore.由于下午无事可做，我到书店转了转。7.with+名词（代词）+名词Shediedwithhersonyetachild.她去世的时候，儿子还是个孩子。育才中学8.句法省略【省略特征】with独立主格结构中的省略主要是指在“with+n+介词短语”结构中的省略，其特点是省去with及介词短语中的名词修饰词，也就是：“n+介词+n”。Sherantothehero,withflowersinherhand.Sherantothehero,flowersinhand.Shec
37、amein,withabookinherhand.Shecamein,bookinhand.育才中学使用独立主格结构要注意一下几点使用独立主格结构要注意一下几点1.当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！2.在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或havin
38、gbeen）不能省略：(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。(2)在Therebeing名词的结构中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行家。育才中学3.独立主格结构没有所有格形式。如：Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主编来了，我们开始开会。比较动名词复合结构：Thechief-editorsarrivingmadeusverysurprised.育才中学5.独立主格结构作时间或原
39、因状语时，可用完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语之前。如：Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.听众坐好后，音乐会开始了。Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed.由于汤姆一再迟到，他的老板非常失望。育才中学1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.ThevisitingMinisterex
40、pressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added育才中学练一练练一练入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！3.Cantyouread?Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing4.Autumn_on,theleavesonthetreesbeganfalling
41、.A.comingB.comeC.comesD.wascoming育才中学5.InpartsofAsiayoumustnotsitwithyourfeet_atanotherperson.A.pointedB.pointingC.pointsD.tobepointing6.Withhisson_,theoldmanfeltunhappy.A.tobedisappointedB.disappointingC.beingdisappointedD.todisappoint育才中学7.Beforehewentabroadhespentasmuchtimeashe_English.A.couldlea
42、rningB.learnedC.tolearnD.couldlearn育才中学spendtime(in)doing.是常用句型。hecould是定语从句。 8.“WhereisDavid?”“Heisupstairs_readytogoout.”A.toget B.gettingC.tobegettingD.havinggot入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！9.Sheiswritingalettertoafriendofhers,_himtotheparty.A.HavinginvitedB.invitingC.toinviteD.invi
43、ted10._allmyletters,Ihadadrinkandwentout.A.FinishedB.HavingfinishedC.FinishingD.Tofinish11._Sunday,thestudentsareathome.A.BeingB.TobeC.ItisD.Itbeing12._severaltimes,theyoungscientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperiments.A.HavingbeenfailedB.HavingfailedC.ThoughfailedD.Becauseoffailure13.Whilebuildingatunne
44、lthroughthemountain,_.A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdiscoveredunderground.D.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake14.Findinghercarstolen,_.A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughlyC.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhel
45、p15.Shesetoutsoonafterdark_homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived16._hiskey,hecouldntentertheroom.A.HavingbeenlostB.HehadlostC.HavinglostD.Losing17.Hisfatherwhowasamillionairedied,_himalotofmoney.A.havingleavingB.leavingC.toleaveD.left18.Though_money,hisparentsmanagedtosendh
46、imtouniversity.A.lacked B.lackingofC.lacking D.lackedin19.There_nofreshdrinkingwaterandnogoodfarmland,itwasnotacomfortableplaceinwhichtolive.A)beB)wasC)wereD)being育才中学20.Somanydirectors_,theboardmeetinghadtobeputoff.A)wereabsentB)beenabsentC)hadbeenabsentD)beingabsent21.AftertheArabstateswonindepend
47、ence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellboys_togotoschool.A.tobeencouragedB.beenencouragedC.beingencouragedD.beencouraged育才中学22._,amanwhoexpresseshimselfeffectivelyissuretosucceedmorerapidlythanamanwhosecommandoflanguageispoor.(CET-41997,6)A)OtherthingsbeingequalB)Wereotherthing
48、sequalC)TobeequaltootherthingsD)Otherthingstobeequal23.Allthings_,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A)consideredB)consideringC)beconsideredD)havingconsidered育才中学24.Thiscrophassimilarqualitiestothepreviousone,_bothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil.AbeingB)beenC)tobeD)havingbeen25.Alltheex
49、ampapers_,theteachersenttheclasshome.A.havingbeenhandedinB.havinghandsinC.handinginD.beinghandedin育才中学1)有些分词(短语)可用来表示说话人的态度，看问题的角度，或者对所叙述的情况进行解释，它们便成了句子的独立成分，其逻辑主语也就不再是句子的主语。【例如】Strictlyspeaking,nobodyisallowedinhere.严格地讲，谁也不允许在这儿。(speaking的逻辑主语并不是nobody)Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromtheSouth.从他的
50、口音判断，他一定是南方人。(这句中不是he在“判断”)育才中学小贴士入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！Takingallthingsintoconsideration,hisworkisasuccessfulone.全面考虑起来，他的工作还是很成功的。试比较Takenasawhole,thereisnothingwiththebook.总的来说，这本书没有问题。Generallyspeaking,newspapersfollowtheAmericanway,butconferencereportsandschoolbooksusetheBri
51、tishspelling.一般来说，报纸采用美式英语的拼法，而会议报道和教科书则采用英式英语的拼法。育才中学Putfrankly,itisnotthethingtosay.恕我直说吧,那不是该说的事情。经常这样用的分词(分词词组)有：frankly(broadly,generally,properly,strictly)speaking,judgingfrom(by),talkingabout,speakingof,lookingat,takingintoconsideration,putfrankly等。育才中学2)有些ing作状语，在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用，便把它们视为连词或介词。
52、【例如】Grantingthathehadthebestintention,hisconductmightworkgreatmischief.就算他出于好意，他的行为也会引起极大不快。Thereweretenpeopleintheroom,includingme.试比较Thereweretenpeopleintheroom,meincluded.Supposing（that）therewasanearthquake,whatwouldbetherightwaytoescape?如果发生地震，正确的逃生方法是什么？育才中学Notcountingtheretirementpension,Mrand
53、MrsKupeear2,600dollarsamonthbyrunningaflowerstore.不包括他们的退休金，库佩夫妇经营花店每个月赚2600元。Assumingthatthereisthechance,whatistheuseifhecannotcomebackintimeandavailhimselfofit?即使有此机会，如果他不及时赶回来加以利用，又有何用？Consideringherage,herknowledgeofcomputerprogrammingisreallymarvelous.考虑到她的年龄，她的计算机程序设计知识实在令人叹服。经常这样使用的分词有：admit
54、ting(that),assuming(that),concerning,granting,excepting,failing,saving,supposing(that),touching等。育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！少数过去分词也起到连词或介词的作用，其中有些可以和同源动词的doing形式互换，意思并没有什么不同。如：Simplystated,onlyafoollikeSamwillbelievethishumbug.说得简单些，只有萨姆那样的傻瓜才会相信这种鬼话。Giventheirinexperience,theyve
55、doneagoodjob.考虑到他们缺乏经验，这项工作他们干得不错。Giventhatthepatientshavesomedisabilities,westilltrytoenablethemtobeasindependentaspossible.育才中学Granted/Grantingthetruthofwhatshehassaid,sheoughtnottobesopridetous.就算她说得对，她也不应该对我们如此傲慢。Judged/Judgingbyhisstrangebehavior,theguymustbeathief.这家伙举止怪异，一定是个小偷。Wearetodeliver
56、theordereddigitalcameratoyourdoorprovided/providing（that）youpaythemoneyintoouraccount.倘若您将货款汇入我方账户，我们就会把您定购的数字相机送上门了。育才中学3)有些不定式也具有上述功能Truthtotell/Totellthetruth,yourplanisimpractical.说实话，你的计划不切合实际。Tobefair,shehasmadeagreatcontributiontoourcompany.说句公道话，她对我们公司做出了很大的贡献育才中学Soastosay,yourdaughteristhem
57、ostdiligentamongthem.可以这么说，您女儿是他们当中最用功的。Tospeakbluntly,thatstudentissuretofailtheEnglishexamination.说白了，这名学生英语考试一定会不及格的。Tosumup,heisacompetentmonitor.总之，他是个很能干的班长。育才中学4)“悬垂分词悬垂分词”问题问题前节说过，分词(短语)有意义上的逻辑主语，它或是句子的主语，或者另有自己的主语，不然称这种分词为“悬垂分词”，这样的句子一般认为是不能接受或错误的。【上述1）2）3）也有人认为是“悬垂分词”。】【例如】Lookingoutofthew
58、indowofourhotelroom,therearelotsofmountains.(这句话听起来好象是那些山从窗户往外看。)Admiredbyeverybody,dozensoflettersreachedtheveteransoldier.(这句话听起来好象是信件被赞扬。)Sittingunderanappletreeonenight,anideacametoNewton.(这句话听上去好象是某种思想坐在树下。)育才中学然而，某些句子中作状语的分词的逻辑主语虽然不是句子的主语，但可能是句中的另外某一成分，对这样的句子也不再认为是“悬垂分词”。【例如】Seeingherhealthsin
59、kingrapidly,alarmclutchedthefathersheart.她父亲看到她健康迅速恶化，很是惊慌。(分词seeing的逻辑主语当然不是alarm，但它包含在宾语heart的定语fathers之中。)Hissummerholidayswerespentinthecountryside,helpinghisfatherwithfarmwork.他在乡下过暑假，帮助父亲干农活。(分词helping的逻辑主语包含在主语holidays的定语his之中)育才中学以上句子之所以能被接受，是因为它们能清楚表达意思，不会引起误解，如第一句中alarm是抽象名词，不会误解为seeing的逻辑
60、主语；第二句中主语holidays是无生命的名词，不可能误解为helping的逻辑主语。育才中学_suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(2001全国)AA.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered5)如果句子谓语是被动语态，分词的逻辑主语可以包含在by后面的动作执行者之中(有时这个执行者并未明确表示出来)。这样的句子也可以被接受，而非“悬垂分词”。【例如】Ideascanbeexpressedaccuratelyandeffectively,usingsimplesentences.用简单的句子可以准确有力地表达思想。Knowingasmuchasyoudo,thesituationiseasilyexplained.像你这样了解情况，很容易解释这一形势。以上两句中的分词using和knowing的逻辑主语当然不是它们句子的主语ideas和situation，而是没有明确表达出来的express和explain两个动作的执行者。育才中学入高中高考英语群：入高中高考英语群：4980299，享优质教辅资料！，享优质教辅资料！BYEBYE育才中学
