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1、定语从句中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在定语从句的功能、结构和关系词的用法上,重点考查由that,which,who引导的定语从句。高频考向一定语从句的关系词定语从句在句中作定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose或关系副词when,where,why等引出。who,whom,that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他是想见你的那个人吗?He is the man (who/whom/
2、that) I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那个人。which,that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如:Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。whose用来指人或物,在句中只用作定语。如:Please pass me the book whose cover is green.请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。关系副词有when,where,why,
3、它们在句中作状语。如:Ill never forget the days when we studied together.我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.这是我爸十年前工作的城市。【例1】 The woman _ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.(2016,成都)Awho Bwhich Cwhose 解析:分析题干可知,本句是含有定语从句的主从复合句。“_ is singing on the TV show”是定语从
4、句,先行词the woman指人,且关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应用who/that引导定语从句。which引导定语从句时先行词通常指物,whose引导定语从句时在从句中只能作定语。答案:_A【例2】 Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _ people cannot get at home.(2016,河南)Athat Bwho Cwhom Dwhat解析:句意为“如果电影院能提供人们在家里不能获得的电影体验,电影院可能会有一个更加光明的未来。”由句意及句子结构可判断,
5、空格处所填内容引导定语从句,且在从句中作宾语。that指代人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;who和whom指代人,who在从句中可作主语,whom作宾语;what不能作关系代词引导定语从句,由先行词experience是表示物的名词可得知正确答案。答案:_A【例3】 This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago.Awhere Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich解析:先行词school在定语从句中作studied的地点状语。答案:_A高频考向二关系词只能用that而不用which的情况当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:This is
6、 one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是关灯。当先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如:All that we have to do for our students is
7、to tell them how to speak English in class.我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课上说英语。Im going to buy everything that I need.我要去买我所需要的一切东西。当先行词前面有only,just,very,any,no等词修饰时。如:Thats the only thing that we can do now.那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。当先行词指代的既含有人又含有物时。如:They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他们正在
8、谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。【例4】 This is one of the most interesting cities _ I have ever visited.(2016,兰州)Awho Bthat Cwhich Dwhere解析:分析题干和选项可知,此题考查定语从句中关系代词的选择。“_ I have ever visited”为定语从句,先行词cities指事物且关系词代替先行词在从句中作visited的宾语;另外,当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时,关系代词只能用that而不用which。答案:_【例5】 Look at the boy and his dog _ are comi
9、ng this way.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhom解析:先行词指代的既含有人又含有物时,关系代词用that。答案:_BC高频考向三关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况当先行词为all,any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如:Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。当先行词为that,this,those或these且指人时。如:Those who hadnt bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没
10、买着票的人挤在候车厅里。当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时,在口语中用who或whom引导均可,但如直接位于介词后作宾语时,只能用whom。如:The guest (who/whom) Ill first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。I met a few friends of mine,among whom was my old classmate.我遇见几位朋友,其中一位是我的老同学。【例6】 Success will belong to those _ never say “impossible”Awhom Bwhat Cwho Dwhich解析:先行词是those,故关系代词用who。答案:_C