初中英语代词讲解ppt课件

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1、1;.人称代词人称代词物主代词物主代词反身代词指示反身代词指示代词代词相互代词相互代词疑问代词疑问代词不定代词不定代词一一.概念概念二、分类二、分类:按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：主格主格I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they,宾格宾格me,you,her,him,it,us,you,themadj性性my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their,n性性mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirsmyself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,our

2、selves,yourselves,themselves,oneselfthis,that,these,those,eachother,oneanotherwho,whom,which,whose,what代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具有名代词是代替名词的一种词类。用来代替上文中提到过的人或物。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。词和形容词的功能。some,any,many,much,each,every,something等2;.注意：He teaches us P.E. 教某人教某人 用宾格用宾格1.人称代词人称代词主格主格:I,you,she,he,i

3、t,we,you,they,宾格宾格:me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them1).用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。用作主语时用主格，用作宾语、表语时用宾格。在省略谓语的句子中在省略谓语的句子中,用作主语的人称代词常用宾格用作主语的人称代词常用宾格TheKingsaremusic-lovers.Theyoftengototheconcert.NancyisaP.Eteacher.Iveknownherforyears.A:DoesanyoneknowSusanse-mailaddress?/Whoisondutytoday?/WhohasbeentoJapan?B:

4、Me.3;.在用在用than、as表示比较的句子中用主格表示比较的句子中用主格,宾格都可以宾格都可以He is taller than me /I . I can run as fast as he/him.4;.2)两个以上的人称代词并列时两个以上的人称代词并列时,其次序排列原则其次序排列原则:二二+名词名词+三三+一人称一人称.“我我”总是放在总是放在最后最后,在并列主语中在并列主语中,排列顺序为排列顺序为:you, she/he and I, 并列宾格并列宾格: you, her/ him and me, You, she and I have a chance to go to the

5、 USA. Mr. Li asked you, Tom and me to clean the windows.5;.it的用法的用法:1).代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物代替上文中提到的动物、无生命的或抽象的事物2)表示性别不明显的婴儿表示性别不明显的婴儿3)指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人指代录像、照片以及心中所想的人,或只闻其声未见或只闻其声未见其人的其人的,非活生生的具体真人。非活生生的具体真人。4)指代天气、时间、距离指代天气、时间、距离A: Whos the man beside you in the photo?B: Its my cousin Henry.A: Som

6、eone is knocking at the door, Who can it be?B: its Mike. I warned him not to smoke, but it didnt help.Look at the baby, its so cute/lovely.It is Wednesday today. It never rains but it pours !It is ten minutes walk from my house to the park.It is fifteen years since he came to Shanghai.6;.6)在一些惯用结构中作

7、形式主语或形式宾语在一些惯用结构中作形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English well. It is kind/nice of you to help me with my math.I find/think it useful to read English every day.7;.makeit（口语）获得成功;takeiteasy从容，不着急It takes me ten minutes to go to school on foot.8;.2.物主代词物主代词形容词性形容词性:my,your,her,his,its,our,you

8、r,their,名词性名词性:mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs adj物主代词属于限定词物主代词属于限定词,后面必须有后面必须有n,只能作定语。只能作定语。n 性物主代词在用法上相当于性物主代词在用法上相当于“adj词性物主代词词性物主代词+n”既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，Thisisnt_(she)pen._(she)looksnewerandcleaner.主语Ilost_(I)bike,CanIuse_(you).宾语Lookfor_(you)keysinyourbag,notin_(I).herShe

9、myyoursyourmine9;.含有物主代词的词组含有物主代词的词组ononesown=byoneself独立地，独自地try/doonesbesttodosth竭尽全力做某事loseonesway.迷路inonesforties/fifties在某人40/50来岁的时候dooneshomework做作业；inonesfree/sparetime在某人的闲暇时光toonessurprise/disappointment令某人惊讶/失望的是10;.1).作动词的宾语作动词的宾语Behaveyourselves,children!Weenjoyedourselves=hadagoodtimel

10、astnight.Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish,Lora.2).作介词的宾语作介词的宾语Shesveryangrywithherselfforhercarelessness.3).作同位语，起强调作用作同位语，起强调作用Thebookitselfisgood,butitisntsuitableforyou.Theboyhimselfisnotbadalthoughheisnaughty.3.反身代词反身代词myself,yourself,herself,himself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself11;

11、.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得开心teachoneselfsth=learnsthbyoneself自学buyoneselfsth=buysthforoneself为自己买hurtoneself弄伤自己;dressoneself(up)穿衣(打扮)Helpyourselftosome随便吃/喝点.(说话对像一人）Helpyourselvestosome(说话对像两个及以上）makeoneselfunderstood让别人明白/理解自己byoneself=ononesown独自地;独立地一些常见的包含反身代词的词组一些常见的包含反身代词的词组12;.1.Thosegi

12、rlsenjoyed_inthepartylastnight.A.themB.theyC.themselvesD.herself2.Help_tosomefish,children.A.yourselfB.yourC.yoursD.yourselves3.Thefilm_isveryfun.A.itsB.itselfC.itD.its4.Whoteaches_math?Iteach_.A.your,myselfB.you,myselfC.you,meD.you,herself5.Thefatherwillmake_abike_.A.her,himselfB.she,himselfC.her,h

13、erselfD.she,herselfCDBBA13;.6.Thescarfis_,shemadeit_.A.herself,herB.herself,hersC.hers,herselfD.her,herself7.LiuHulansdeathwasgreat.Shethoughtmoreofothersthan_.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself8.Luckily,hedidnthurt_terriblyyesterday.A.himB.themselvesC.himselfD.they9.Icantmendmyshoe_.Canyoumenditfor?A.myself

14、,meB.myself,IC.me,ID.I,me10.Ilikewatchinginthemirror.A.meB.IC.myD.myself14;. 指示代词的句法功能指示代词的句法功能: 作主语、宾语、介词宾语作主语、宾语、介词宾语: 4.指示代词指示代词:this,these一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that,those常指时间或空间较远的人或物。常指时间或空间较远的人或物。1 This is the best way to do learn English. 2 I like this better than that.3 I dont want

15、 to talk about that.15;.4.that常用在形容词比较级中，代替前面提到的不可数名词，单数名词常用在形容词比较级中，代替前面提到的不可数名词，单数名词；复数用；复数用those(复数复数n);ThetrafficonHuminRoadisheavierthanthatonGuilinR.TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinShanghai.Thebookonthedeskisasnewastheone/thatontheshelf.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.3.打电话时打电话时“你

16、你”“我我”不用不用“you”“I”而要用而要用that,this,A:Whoisthat?B:ThisisLilyspeaking. 指示代词还可作限定词指示代词还可作限定词:ThatboyisBob.Thesetreesareours.thismorning/afternoon/evening/week/month/Wednesday/autumn/year/termthistime,thisway16;.（）1.TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan_inChongqing.A.thisB.thatC.theseD.those（）2._penisred._

17、pencilisgreen.A.this,thatB.These,ThoseC.That,ThoseD.This,That（）3.Is_apandaoverthere?A.thisB.thatC.thoseD.these（）4._twogirlsareMaryandLinda.A.ThisB.TheyC.ThatD.Those（）5._isMr.Whiteand_ismyfather.A.This,thoseB.That,theseC.These,theseD.This,thisBDBDD17;.Theend18;.5.相互代词相互代词eachother,oneanothereachother

18、指两个人指两个人/物之间物之间,oneanother指多个之间指多个之间,但但eachother常用来代替常用来代替oneanother相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词只能作动词和介词的宾语相互代词可加相互代词可加-s构成所有格，例如：构成所有格，例如：Peopleshouldcareaboutandhelpeachother/oneanother.Treescancommunicatewitheachother.AnnandJaneoftensharesnackswitheachotherAlthoughtheyvetalkedforfivehours,theydontknoweach

19、othersnames.19;.*7.关系代词关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括是用来引导定语从句的代词，包括who,whom,which,whose,that,.用于指人用于指人:whowhom,that;用于指物用于指物:which和that,whose既可指人也可指物既可指人也可指物;20;.主要有：主要有：由some,any,no和every构成合成代词，something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,=someone,anybody-anyone,nobody=noone,everybody=everyone,还有all,nonean

20、y,each,everyone,both,either,neither,one,ones,afew,few,many,alittle,little,much,another,theother,others,theothers,some,any,no等。8、不定代词、不定代词不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）只能作定语）21;.不定代词不定代词some,anymany,mucheach,eve

21、ry及练习及练习none,noone及练习及练习few,afew;little,alittle练习练习eitherof,neitherof,bothofboth.and,neither.nor,eitheror代词练习代词练习1-56-1011-1516-2022;.some 与与 any 1.some肯定句中肯定句中,“一些一些”、“某个某个” ,可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。疑问句时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。疑问句时,表表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。I have some work to do today. They will go there some

22、 day.Would you like some coffee with sugar?May I ask you some questions?Could I have some milk?Do you want some juice? 23;.2. any 用于疑问或否定句中用于疑问或否定句中, 当变否定和疑问句时，当当变否定和疑问句时，当some改改成成any如：如：He had some friends here.He didnt have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友他们在这里没有朋友)当any用于肯定句中，意思是“任何一个”,后跟单数名词Ilikeanys

23、tudenthere.Janeistallerthananyothergirl.24;. many与与much many意思是意思是“很多很多”,与可数名词复数连用；与可数名词复数连用； much意思是意思是“很多很多”,与不可数名词连用。与不可数名词连用。 I dont have many friends here. We have much time. 25;.a few, a little, few, little表示肯定，表示肯定，“有几个，有几个，有点有点”表示否定，表示否定，“没多少，没多少，很少很少”后加名词后加名词afewfew可数名词可数名词alittlelittle不可数名

24、词不可数名词alittle,much还能修饰形容词比较级26;.1.Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only_passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Dontworry.Thereis_timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!_peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few(单击显示答案单击显示答案)27;.each(1.常与常与of连用连用;2.后跟名词同后跟名词同every用法一样用法一样;3单独用单独用)every常

25、加名词常加名词everyday两者或以上的每一个人或物两者或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物everyother每隔每隔Eg:everyotherday每隔一天每隔一天=everytwodays(每两天）每两天）Igavethem_anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachofThereisalineoftreeson_sideofthestreet.AeveryBeachCbothShegoesshopping_fivedays.A.everyB.eachC.eachof他隔天来这里。他隔天来这里。Hecamehere_day.everyothere

26、ach, every28;.either of 两者之一两者之一+限定词限定词+ 复数名词复数名词 them / us谓单谓单neither of 两者都不两者都不谓单谓单both of 两者都两者都谓复谓复_ofthegirls_him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knowsBothofhisparents_teachers.A.isB.areC.wasBothofhisbrothers_inthishospital,butneitherofthem_adoctor.A.works;isB.work

27、;isC.work;areeither of, neither of与与both of(单击显示答案单击显示答案)29;.bothand（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则谓语动词遵循就近原则)BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.Tom和和Lucy都在二年级。都在二年级。Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。30;.EitherT

28、omorthetwins_thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.findsNeitheryounorI_ascientist.A.isB.areC.amBothTomandMary_hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither or 或者或者或者或者就近原则就近原则neither nor 两者都不两者都不both and 两者都两者都复数谓语复数谓语eitheror neithernor bothand(单击显示答案单击显示答案)31;.ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They_liketheircity.A.bot

29、hB.allC.eitherLucyandLily_agreewithus.A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare_fine.A.bothB.allC.noeitheror neithernor bothand(单击显示答案单击显示答案)32;.none 与与 no one nonenoone没有什么人没有什么人/物物“没有人没有人”只能指人只能指人回答回答howmany问句问句回答回答who问句问句noneof+复数名词复数名词/them谓语用单数谓语用单数回答回答what问句问句nothingHowmanypeoplearetherein

30、theroom?_.A.NoneB.NooneC.LucyWhoisintheroom?_.A.NoneB.NooneC.oneWhatisintheroom?A.noneB.nothingC.noone33;.another泛指“又一个，再一个”所以后面跟单数名词。例:anotherbus;anotherappleanother,后面如果用复数，结构是“another+数词+名复”表示还要几个。=“数词+more+名复”例：anotherfiveboys=fivemoreboysanother用法：34;.theother有范围，加名词有范围，加名词theothers有范围，不再加名词有范围

31、，不再加名词other没范围，加名词没范围，加名词others没范围，不再加名词没范围，不再加名词theother;theothers;other;others用法Ihavesomepencils,oneisblack,andtheothers/theotherpencilsarered.(有范围)weshouldlearnfromothers/otherpeople.(无范围)35;.one;theother用法当总数是两个时，表示”一个.;另一个.”.例:theoldwomanhastwosons,oneisadoctor,theotherisateacher.36;.复合不定代词的用法复

32、合不定代词的用法somebody 某人某人someone 某人某人something 某物，某事某物，某事anybody 任何人任何人anyone 任何人任何人Anything 任何事物任何事物nobody 没有人没有人no one 没有人没有人nothing 没有东西没有东西Everybody 每人每人Everyone 每人每人Everything 一切一切含-body的复合不定代词与含-one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。不定代词不定代词some,any,no,every与

33、与-one,-body,-thing构成复合代词。我们称。我们称之为复合不定代词。之为复合不定代词。37;.1、something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，通常用于肯定句中，而而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：如：Hefoundsomethingstrangebutinteresting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。Doyouhaveanythingtosay？你有话要说吗？你有话要说吗？Icantmeetanybodyontheisl

34、and.在岛上，我没遇见任何人。在岛上，我没遇见任何人。38;.2、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的、在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定等复合不定代词。代词。如如:Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat？要些吃的东西吗？要些吃的东西吗？3、当、当anything表示表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示表示“无无论谁

35、，任何人论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：如：AnythingisOK.什么都行。什么都行。AnyoneisOK.任何人都可以。任何人都可以。39;.3.复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如：如：Iseveryoneheretoday?Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.4.形容词修饰这些复合不定代词，必须放它们

36、形容词修饰这些复合不定代词，必须放它们后面。后面。如：如：Is there anything interesting on TV tonight? I have something important to tell you. 40;.5.合与分的区别问题合与分的区别问题someone，anyone，everyone都只能指人，且不和介词都只能指人，且不和介词of连用；连用；someone，anyone，everyone则既可指人又可指物，可与介词则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。连用。例如：例如：Anyoneshouldbepolitetoeveryoneofthem.任何人都要礼貌对待

37、他们中的任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。每一个人。-Whichtoywouldyoulike?-AnyoneisOK.-你要那个玩你要那个玩41;.复合不定代词练习题：复合不定代词练习题：选择题：()1.Imhungry.Iwant_toeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing()2.Doyouhave_tosayforyourself?No,Ihave_tosay.A.something;everythingB.nothing;somethingC.everything;anythingD.anything;nothing()3.Why

38、notask_tohelpyou?A.everyoneB.someoneC.anyoneD.none()4.Everything_ready.Wecanstartnow.A.areB.isC.beD.wereBDBB42;.()5.Theres_withhiseyes.HesOK.A.anythingwrongB.wrongsomethingC.nothingwrongD.wrongnothing()6.Thestoryissoamazing!ItsthemostinterestingstoryIveeverread.ButImafraiditwontbelikedby_.A.everybod

39、yB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody()7.Shelistenedcarefully,butheard_.A.anyoneB.someoneC.everyoneD.nothing()8.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdontagreewith_.A.everythingB.anythingC.somethingD.nothingcADC43;.（）11._ofusisactiveinEnglishclass.A.EveryB.EveryoneC.EveryoneD.Anybody（）12.Theexamwasdifficult,wasnti

40、t?No，butIdontthink_couldpassit.A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobodyD.everybodyBD44;.练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择(单击显示答案单击显示答案)CBBCC1.Please send_ best wishes to Mary. A. I B. me C. my D. mine2. This is my book. _ _are over there. A. Your B. Yours C. You D. Mine3. _ have a lot of homework to do. A. He, you and I B. You,

41、he and I C. I, you and he D.I, he and you4. The man downstairs found _ very difficult to get to sleep. A. that B. them C. it D. its5. -Hi, Jim. Is this your bike or Toms? - Its mine, not_. A. hers B. yours C. his D. him45;.练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择(单击显示答案单击显示答案)6. Tom is here, and a friend of _ is here, too.

42、 A. his father B. his fathers C. hes father D. he father7. Help _ to some fish, Jenny. A. yourselves B. yourself C. himself D. herself8. The boys and girls seemed to enjoy_ in the park. A. themselves B. them C. they D. their9. - Is this model plane yours? - Yes, its mine. It is made by_. A. myself B

43、. yourself C. himself D. herself10.Mr. Green taught_ English in our school and taught_ French at home. A. us / his B. him / us C. us / himself D. our / himselfBBAAC46;.练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择(单击显示答案单击显示答案)11.-Couldyouofferme_juice,sir?-Imreallysorry.Ihaventgot_now.A.any;anyB.some;anyC.some;someD.any;some12

44、.Isthere_withyourbike?A.anythingwrongB.wronganythingC.somethingwrongD.wrongsomething13.-Imleavingfortheexam.Bye-bye,Mum.-Well,makesureyouvegot_ready.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing14.Hecanspeak_French,butnot_.A.some,muchB.any,muchC.much,manyD.many,any15.Moneyisimportantinmylife,butitisnt_

45、tome.A.everythingB.somethingC.nothingD.anythingBACAA47;.练习一：单项选择练习一：单项选择(单击显示答案单击显示答案)16. - Could I have some milk? - Certainly. Theres_ in the bottle. A. little B. a little C. a few D. few17. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy_. A. one B. it C. t

46、his D. that18. This apple is delicious. Give me _one ,please. A. the other B. another C. others D. other19. They are both good at English, but _ of them is good at maths. A. none B. either C. all D. neither20. There are fifty students in our class. Some are from the USA, and _are from China A. another B. the other C. others D. otherBBBBC48;.